Factors associated with serum lipids of adolescents from the Brazilian South

Beck, Carmem Cristina; Lopes, Adair da Silva; Farias Júnior, José Cazuza de

doi:10.1590/1415-52732014000100004

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Original Articles • Rev. Nutr. 27 (01) • Jan-Feb 2014 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1415-52732014000100004 copy

Factors associated with serum lipids of adolescents from the Brazilian South¹ 1 Article based on the doctoral thesis of the CC BECK intitled "Pressão arterial e lípides séricos em adolescentes: estudo com ênfase em variáveis antropométricas e do estilo de vida". Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina; 2011

Fatores associados aos lípides séricos em adolescentes no Sul do Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

OBJECTIVE:

This study analyzes factors associated with serum lipids in adolescents from southern Brazil.

METHODS:

This is a school-based cross-sectional study with a probabilistic sample composed of 660 adolescents aged 14 to 19 years from the city of Três de Maio, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The following independent variables were analyzed: body mass index; waist-to-height ratio; moderate to vigorous level of physical activity; sedentary behaviour; lipid, total saturated fatty acid, cholesterol, sodium, and fiber intakes; smoking; and alcohol abuse. Linear regression analysis tested the association between the independent variables and total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol.

RESULTS:

Body mass index was directly associated with total cholesterol (β=0.96, p=0.001) and reversely associated with high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (β=-0.45, p<0.001).

CONCLUSION:

High body mass index may have a negative impact on the lipid profile of adolescents. Thus, monitoring nutritional status is important to prevent and control dyslipidemia in adolescents. We suggest multidisciplinary and intersectoral actions that encourage teenagers to acquire a healthy lifestyle, with emphasis on the adoption of an active lifestyle and balanced diet.

Adolescent; Cholesterol; Diet; Obesity; Physical activity; Risk factors

Variables	n	%	(95%CI)
Gender
Male	317	48.0	(42.3 - 54.6)
Female	343	52.0	(46.5 - 57.3)
Age
14-15 years	238	36.1	(30.0 - 42.6)
16-17 years	337	51.0	(45.6 - 56.5)
18-19 years	85	012.9	(6.6 - 22.0)
Skin color
White	487	73.8	(69.6 - 77.6)
Non-white	173	26.2	(19.6 - 33.2)
Economic class
A, B	240	36.4	(30.2 - 42.7)
C	312	47.3	(41.8 - 53.1)
D, E	108	16.3	(10.2- 25.1)

Variables	All (n=660)			Male (n=317)			Female (n=343)		p-value
Variables	M	SD		M	SD		M	SD	p-value
	M	SD		M	SD		M	SD
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	0151.10	00,27.10	0,145.00		00,25.80	,0156.60		00,27.10	<0.001
HDL-c (mg/dL)	0,053.00	0,011.80	0,049.40		,0010.80	0,056.40		00,11.70	<0.001
Body mass index (kg/m²)	0021.30	0,003.50	0,021.30		00,03.10	0,021.30		0,003.80	<0.828
Waist-to-height ratio	00.44	000.05	00.43		0,0.04	0,0.44		000.05	<0.005
Physical activity^* (min/week)	0,319.30	0,310.80	,0401.80		,0378.00	0,243.10		0,204.90	<0.001
Sedentary behaviour (h/day)	0,004.40	0,002.40	,0004.20		0,002.50	0,004.50		,0002.20	<0.230
Lipids (g)	0103.90	00,60.10	,0118.10		0,067.00	0,090.70		0,049.60	<0.001
Total SFA (g)	0,023.50	0,016.80	,0029.50		0,018.20	0,017.90		0,013.10	<0.001
Cholesterol (mg)	,0237.90	0,167.30	0,300.10		,0187.50	,0180.40		,0120.60	<0.001
Sodium (mg)	2,967.90	1,640.40	3,696.30		1,733.90	2,294.70		1,208.70	<0.001
Fibers (g)	00,26.90	0,019.60	00,33.08		,0021.20	0,021.20		0,016.10	<0.001
Smoking (=1day/30days, %, n)	00,06.80	0,045.00	00,08.50		0,027.00	00,05.30		0,018.00	<0.096
Alcohol (=5doses/occasion, %, n)	0,040.00	,0264.00	0,050.80		,0161.00	00,30.00		,0103.00	<0.001

			Total cholesterol (mg/dL)
Variables
Variables		Unadjusted analysis				Adjusted analysis
	ß	SEM	p value		ß^†	SEM	p-value
Body mass index (kg/m²)	0.995	0.301	0.001	-0.957		0.294	0.001
Waist-to-height ratio	-54.74	22.94	0.017	-35.97		22.92	0.117
Physical activity^*	-1.655	2.160	0.444	0.671		2.221	0.763
Sedentary behaviour (h/day)	-0.409	0.441	0.354	-0.665		0.456	0.145
Lipids	-0.014	0.030	0.636	-0.035		0.039	0.372
Total SFA	-0.170	0.078	0.030	-0.027		0.110	0.805
Cholesterol	-0.015	0.008	0.043	-0.005		0.009	0.560
Sodium	-0.002	0.001	0.011	0.000		0.001	0.998
Fibers	-0.130	0.065	0.045	-0.120		0.084	0.154
Smoking (=1day/30days)	1.414	4.188	0.785	1.692		4.271	0.692
Alcohol (=5doses/occasion)	-2.679	2.152	0.214	-1.805		2.278	0.428

			HDL-c (mg/dL)
Variables
Variables		Unadjusted analysis				Adjusted analysis
	ß	SEM	p-value		ß^‡	SEM	p-value
Body mass index (kg/m²)	-0.445	0.131	0.001	-0.453		0.125	<0.001
Waist-to-height ratio	-5.939	10.025	0.554	0.088		9.817	0.993
Physical activity^*	-1.695	0.938	0.071	-0.046		0.951	0.962
Sedentary behaviour (h/day)	-0.182	0.192	0.344	-0.277		0.195	0.157
Lipids	0.003	0.013	0.811	-0.005		0.017	0.755
Total SFA	-0.034	0.034	0.315	0.020		0.047	0.669
Cholesterol	-0.005	0.003	0.142	-0.001		0.004	0.762
Sodium	0.000	0.000	0.309	0.000		0.001	0.401
Fibers	-0.021	0.028	0.464	-0.008		0.036	0.822
Smoking (=1day/30days)	0.456	1.823	0.802	1.287		1.829	0.482
Alcohol (=5doses/occasion)	-0.890	0.937	0.343	0.631		0.976	0.518

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[1] CONTRIBUTORS CC BECK conceived and designed the study, created the study protocol, coordinated and supervised data collection, analyzed and interpreted the data, wrote and reviewed the manuscript, and approved the final version of the manuscript. AS LOPES helped to conceive the study, review the manuscript, and interpret the results; approved the final version of the manuscript. JC FARIAS JÚNIOR analyzed the data, interpreted the results, reviewed the manuscript, and approved the final version of the manuscript.