O efeito do COVID-19 nos níveis de ansiedade das mães e mudanças no comportamento nutricional de seus filhos

Yilmaz, Sine; Can, Basak

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Sumário

ORIGINAL | Clinical Nutrition • Rev Nutr 36 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202336e220211 copiar

O efeito do COVID-19 nos níveis de ansiedade das mães e mudanças no comportamento nutricional de seus filhos

Autoria SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

RESUMO

Objetivo

Este estudo teve como objetivo medir os níveis de ansiedade das mães durante o período de pandemia e investigar a correlação entre os níveis de ansiedade e os comportamentos alimentares das crianças na Turquia.

Métodos

Mães com filhos de 3 a 6 anos (n=303) residentes na Turquia foram recrutadas em diferentes canais de mídia social até fevereiro e março de 2021 devido à pandemia. As mães preencheram um questionário online que incluía o Child Feeding Questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory, e a Coronavirus Anxiety Scale. A análise de correlação de Pearson e os testes de Kruskal-Wallis foram aplicados para determinar a relação existente entre as escalas.

Resultados

Embora 21,2% das mães tivessem ansiedade moderada e grave, apenas 0,3% das mães tinham ansiedade por coronavírus. Não foi encontrada correlação significativa entre nenhum dos subfatores do Child Feeding Questionnaire e os níveis de ansiedade avaliados de acordo com o Beck Anxiety Inventory. Apenas uma corre

Conclusão

Embora a ansiedade por coronavírus tenha sido encontrada em um pequeno grupo em nosso estudo, são necessários estudos mais abrangentes para ver o efeito da ansiedade criada pela epidemia na nutrição infantil. Considerando que os seres humanos enfrentarão várias epidemias nos próximos anos, os efeitos negativos da epidemia sobre o indivíduo devem ser determinados e precauções devem ser tomadas. Dessa forma, pode-se garantir que as gerações futuras sejam saudáveis em todos os aspectos.

Palavras-chave
Ansiedade; Crianças; Coronavírus; Métodos de Alimentação

Variables		Mean±SD	n	Percent
Childs’ and mothers’ characteristics
	Child age (y)	5.6±5
	Child height (cm)	116.5±23.2
	Child weight (kg)	24.5±11.3
	Maternal age (y)	35.3±5.2
Number of Children
	1		132	43.6
	2		125	41.3
	≥3		46	15.2
Maternal Education
	Primary school		18	5.9
	Common School		11	3.6
	High School		55	18.2
	University		178	58.7
	Postgraduate		41	13.5
Can you evaluate your diet? (Evaluate in terms of being healthy)
	Too bad		4	1.3
	Bad		16	5.3
	Middle		117	38.6
	Good		137	45.2
	Very good		29	9.6
Is anyone around you diagnosed with COVID?
	Yes		199	65.7
	No		104	34.3
Questionnaires		Median±SD	n	Percent
CAS		0±1.8
	No anxiety disorder		302	99.7
	Anxiety disorder		1	0.3
BAI		6±9.9
	No anxiety		169	55.8
	Mild anxiety		70	23.1
	Moderate anxiety		39	12.9
	Severe anxiety		25	8.3
CFQ Score
	Perceived responsibility	10±2.6
	Perceived family body weight	8±2.5
	Perceived child body weight	6±1.3
	Interest in childs’ body weight	8±2.6
	Restriction and eating pressure	32±10.4
	Follow-up	12±2.4

Perceived responsibility (%)	Never	Rare	Sometimes	Often	Always
When your child is at home, how often do you feel responsible for feeding them?	2.0	5.3	12.5	20.5	59.7
How often do you feel responsible when deciding whether your child eats the right foods?	1.0	4.6	11.2	25.4	57.8
How often do you feel responsible when deciding on the portion size your child eats?	3.3	11.9	17.5	23.4	43.9
Perceived family body weight	Skinny	Underweight	Normal	Overweight	Obese
In your childhood	10.2	25.4	56.8	6.9	0.7
In your adolescence (12-19 years)	7.3	20.8	53.5	16.5	2.0
In your 20s	26.7	-	60.1	11.9	1.3
You now	1.0	6.3	53.1	32.7	6.9
Perceived child body weight	Skinny	Underweight	Normal	Overweight	Obese
Your child’s weight between 0-1 years	3.3	11.9	67.7	16.5	0.7
Your child’s weight when they start walking	2.0	10.9	80.2	6.6	0.3
Your child’s (current) weight in pre-school period	1.7	9.9	77.6	10.2	0.7
Interest about child body weight	Indifferent	A little indifferent	Interested	Quite interested	Very interested
How concerned are you with your child eating too much when he or she is away?	1.7	8.3	45.9	24.1	20.10
How concerned are you with diet so that your child can maintain their weight?	1.7	4.6	39.6	27.7	26.4
How concerned are you with your child’s obesity?	3.0	6.6	37.6	25.7	27.1.
Restriction and eating pressure	Not agree	A little disagree	Indecisive	Slightly agree	Agree
I have to make sure my child doesn’t eat too much sweets (candy, ice cream, chocolate, cake, etc.)	4.3	8.9	3.3	16.5	67.0
Perceived responsibility (%)	Never	Rare	Sometimes	Often	Always
Restriction and eating pressure	Not agree	A little disagree	Indecisive	Slightly agree	Agree
I have to make sure my child does not overeat foods with high fat content	4.3	6.3	2.6	17.5	69.3
I have to make sure that my child does not overeat the foods she/he likes	7.9	8.9	8.9	23.1	51.2
I deliberately keep some foods away from my child’s reach.	8.9	5.0	3.6	18.5	64.0
I offer candies (candy, ice cream, cake, etc.) to my child as a reward for good behavior	33.7	13.9	7.9	22.4	22.1.
In exchange for good behavior, I offer my child the food she/he likes	24.4	13.2	12.2	26.1	24.1.
If I don’t organize my child’s diet or guide her/him, my child eats too much junk food	16.5	8.3	9.2	13.9	52.1.
If I don’t organize my child’s diet or guide her/him, my child eats her favorite foods too much.	17.2	8.6	8.9	16.8	48.5
My child should always eat all the food on their plate.	29.0	12.9	10.6	23.8	23.8
I have to be particularly careful to make sure my child eats enough	10.9	13.2	10.2	20.8	44.9
Although my child says that she/he is not hungry, I insist that she/he eat	44.6	14.2	8.9	18.2	14.2
If I don’t organize my child’s food or guide her/him, my child eats less than necessary	28.7	9.2	10.9	18.5	32.7
Follow-up	Never	Rare	Sometimes	Often	Always
How long do you keep track of the sugary foods (candy, chocolate, cake, etc.) your child consumes?	1.0	3.3	8.3	31.7	55.8
How long do you keep track of the snack foods (chips etc.) your child consumes?	0.7	2.6	7.3	29.4	60.1.
How much do you keep track of the excessively fatty foods your child consumes?	1.7	2.6	9.6	30.4	55.8

Variables	BAI Score	CAS Score	CFQ Total score
Total score	p=0.3	p=0.2
BAI Score	-	r=0.47^ p<0.001 Table showing Spearman correlations (r) and associated p-values. (<0.001)	r=0.5 (p=0.3)
CAS Score	r=0.47^ p<0.001 Table showing Spearman correlations (r) and associated p-values. (<0.001)	-	r=0.6 (p=0.2)
CFQ	r=0.5	r=0.6	-

Variables	No anxiety disorder	Mild anxiety	Moderate anxiety	Severe anxiety	p-value
Coronavirus Anxiety Scale	0.3±1	1.2±1.7	2.3±2	2.6±3.5	<0.001
Child Feeding Questionnaire	70.8±15.5	72.4±9.1	71.8±12.5	77±12.8	0.1
Perceived responsibility	9.3±2.9	10.1±2	9.2±2.6	10.3±2.3	0.1
Perceived family body weight	7.1±2.5	7.8±2.4	8.1±2.6	7.6±2.8	0.0
Perceived child body weight	5.9±1.1	5.9±1.3	5.7±1.7	5.6±1.6	0.9
Interest in child’s body weight	7.8±2.6	8.1±2.5	7.61±2.73	8.5±2.6	.00
Restriction and eating pressure	30.4±11.7	30.07±7.3	31.1±9.2	34.8±9.8	0.1
Follow-up	10.2±2.5	10.30±2	9.9±2.3	10.1±2.4	0.7

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[1] Correspondence to: S YILMAZ. E-mail: sine.yilmaz@ankaramedipol.edu.tr.