Atitudes, crenças e práticas maternas em relação à alimentação e ao estado nutricional de crianças em idade escolar

PEDROSO, Jéssica; TORAL, Natacha; GUBERT, Muriel Bauermann

Jéssica PEDROSO Correspondence to: J PEDROSO. E-mail: <jessicapedroso1211@gmail.com>.

Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição Humana. Brasília, DF, Brasil.

CONTRIBUTORS J PEDROSO contributed to the study design; data collection, analysis and interpretation; and manuscript writing. N TORAL contributed to data analysis and interpretation; and manuscript writing. MB GUBERT contributed to study design; data analysis and interpretation; and manuscript writing. All authors have critically reviewed and approved the final content of this paper.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5446-4319

Natacha TORAL

Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição Humana. Brasília, DF, Brasil.

CONTRIBUTORS J PEDROSO contributed to the study design; data collection, analysis and interpretation; and manuscript writing. N TORAL contributed to data analysis and interpretation; and manuscript writing. MB GUBERT contributed to study design; data analysis and interpretation; and manuscript writing. All authors have critically reviewed and approved the final content of this paper.

Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900. Brasília, DF, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0297-2340

Muriel Bauermann GUBERT

Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Nutrição Humana. Brasília, DF, Brasil.

CONTRIBUTORS J PEDROSO contributed to the study design; data collection, analysis and interpretation; and manuscript writing. N TORAL contributed to data analysis and interpretation; and manuscript writing. MB GUBERT contributed to study design; data analysis and interpretation; and manuscript writing. All authors have critically reviewed and approved the final content of this paper.

Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Nutrição. Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, 70910-900. Brasília, DF, Brasil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0103-4187

Correspondence to: J PEDROSO. E-mail: <jessicapedroso1211@gmail.com>.

CONTRIBUTORS

J PEDROSO contributed to the study design; data collection, analysis and interpretation; and manuscript writing. N TORAL contributed to data analysis and interpretation; and manuscript writing. MB GUBERT contributed to study design; data analysis and interpretation; and manuscript writing. All authors have critically reviewed and approved the final content of this paper.

Study Variables	n	%
Child’s Sex
Male	289	51.3
Female	274	48.7
Nutritional status of child
Non-overweight	371	65.9
Overweight	192	34.1
Mother’s nutritional status
Non-overweight	340	60.4
Overweight	223	39.6
Mother’s age
Age ≤35 years	197	35.0
Age ≥36 years	366	65.0
Marital status
Single/Divorced/ Separated/Widowed	72	12.8
Married/Cohabiting	491	87.2
Mother’s educational level
Complete higher education and below	287	51.0
Postgraduate education and above	276	49.0
Mother’s skin color
White	362	64.3
Non White	201	35.7
Family income ^a
Up to 9 minimum salaries	180	32.0
9 to 15 minimum salaries	144	25.6
More than 15 minimum salaries	239	42.4

Study Variables	Average Points (SD)
Perceived responsibility	3.96 (0.72)
Perceived maternal weight	3.10 (0.41)
Perceived child weight	3.00 (0.35)
Concern about child weight	2.78 (1.25)
Restriction	3.41 (0.72)
Pressure to eat	3.27 (1.09)
Monitoring	3.91 (0.79)

	Variables	Non-Overweight child	Overweight child	p	Child with low or intermediate quality food consumption	Child with high-quality food consumption	p
	Variables	n(%)	n(%)	p	n(%)	n(%)	p
	Perceived Responsibility
287	Higher	257(69.3)	112(58.3)	0.01	74(58.3)	295(67.7)	0.05
84	Lower	114(30.7)	80(41.7)		53(41.7)	141(32.3)
	Perceived maternal weight
	Higher	294(79.2)	166(86.5)	0.04	102(80.3)	358(82.1)	0.64
	Lower	77(20.8)	26(13.5)		25(19.7)	078(17.9)
	Perceived child weight
	Higher	287(77.4)	184(95.8)	<0.001	109(85.8)	362(83.0)	0.45
	Lower	84(22.6)	8 (4.2)		0 18(14.2)	074(17.0)
	Concern about child weight
	Higher	167(45.0)	147(76.6)	<0.001	0 68(53.5)	246(56.4)	0.56
	Lower	204(55.0)	0 45(23.4)		059(46.5)	190(43.6)
	Restriction
	Higher	189(50.9)	116(60.4)	0.03	65(51.2)	240(55.0)	0.44
	Lower	182(49.1)	0 76(39.6)		0 62(48.8)	196(45.0)
	Pressure to eat
	Higher	232(62.5)	0 78(40.6)	<0.001	0 75(59.1)	235(53.9)	0.30
	Lower	139(37.5)	114(59.4)		0 52(40.9)	201(46.1)
	Monitoring
	Higher	242(65.2)	129(67.2)	0.64	0 57(44.9)	314(72.0)	<0.001
	Lower	129(34.8)	0 63(32.8)		0 70(55.1)	122(28.0)
	Child’s Sex			0.19			0.81
	Male	183(49.3)	106(55.2)		064(50.4)	225(51.6)
	Female	188(50.7)	0 86(44.8)		0 63(49.6)	211(48.4)
	Child age			0.21			0.08
	5 and 6 years-old	108(29.1)	0 44(22.9)		0 34(26.8)	118(27.1)
	7 years-old	128(34.5)	0 78(40.6)		0 37(29.1)	169(38.7)
	8 and 9 years-old	135(36.4)	0 70(36.5)		0 56(44.1)	149(34.2)
	Nutritional status of child						0.57
	Non-overweight				081(63.8)	290(66.5)
	Overweight				0 46(36.2)	146(33.5)
	Mother’s nutritional status			<0.001			0.45
	Non-overweight	246(66.3)	0 94(49.0)		73(57.5)	267(61.2)
	Overweight	125(33.7)	0 98(51.0)		54(42.5)	169(38.8)
	Mother’s age			0.33			0.01
	Age ≤35 years-old	135(36.4)	0 62(32.3)		56(44.1)	141(32.3)
	Age ≥36 years-old	236(63.6)	130(67.7)		71(55.9)	295(67.7)
	Marital status			0.91			0.08
	Single/Divorced/Separated/Widowed	47(12.7)	0 25(13.0)		22(17.3)	50(11.5)
	Married/Cohabiting	324(87.3)	167(87.0)		105(82.7)	386(88.5)
	Mother’s educational level			0.05			0.02
	Complete higher education and below	178(48.0)	109(56.8)		0 76(59.8)	211(48.4)
	Postgraduate education and above	193(52.0)	0 83(43.2)		0 51(40.2)	225(51.6)
	Mother’s skin color			0.65			0.58
	White	241(65.0)	121(63.0)		0 79(62.2)	283(64.9)
	Non White	130(35.0)	0 71(37.0)		0 48(37.8)	153(35.1)
	Family income ^a a Minimum salary at the time of the study: 788.00 Brazilian Reais (R$), equivalent to US$209.60.			0.05			<0.001
	Up to 9 minimum salaries	106(28.5)	0 74(38.5)		0 57(44.9)	123(28.2)
	9 to 15 minimum salaries	100(27.0)	0 44(23.0)		033(26.0)	111(25.5)
	More than 15 minimum salaries	165(44.5)	0 74(38.5)		0 37(29.1)	202(46.3)

Associated Factors	Presence of child’s overweight		Presence of high-quality food consumption
Associated Factors	OR (95%CI)	Adjusted OR (95%CI)^a a Odds Ratio adjusted by logistic regression for perceived responsibility, perceived maternal weight, perceived child weight, concern about the child’s weight, restriction, pressure to eat, child’s sex, family income and maternal characteristics (nutritional status and educational level). Adjusted OR	OR (95%CI)	Adjusted OR (95%CI)^b b Odds Ratio adjusted by logistic regression for perceived responsibility, monitoring, child’s age, family income and maternal characteristics (age, marital status, educational level).
Perceived responsibility
Higher	0.62 (0.43 – 0.89)	0.57 (0.38 – 0.86)	1.50 (1.00 – 2.25)	1.46 (0.94 – 2.27)
Lower	1	1	1	1
Perceived maternal weight
Higher	1.67 (1.03 – 2.71)	1.04 (0.59 – 1.85)
Lower	1	1
Perceived Child weight
Higher	6.73 (3.18 – 14.23)	6.60 (2.99 – 14.59)
Lower	1	1
Concern about child weight
Higher	3.99 (2.70 – 5.90)	3.47 (2.25 – 5.33)
Lower	1	1
Restriction
Higher	1.47 (1.03 – 2.09)	1.53 (1.00 – 2.35)
Lower	1	1
Pressure to eat
Higher	0.41 (0.29 – 0.59)	0.38 (0.25 – 0.58)
Lower	1	1
Monitoring
Higher			3.16 (2.10 – 4.75)	2.79 (1.83 – 4.25)
Lower			1	1
Child’s sex
Male	1	1
Female	0.79 (0.56 – 1.12)	0.68 (0.46 – 1.02)
Child age
5 and 6 years-old			1	1
7 years-old			1.32 (0.78 – 2.22)	1.27 (0.73 – 2.21)
8 and 9 years-old			0.77 (0.47 – 1.25)	0.74 (0.44 – 1.24)
Mother’s nutritional status
Non-overweight	1	1
Overweight	2.05 (1.44 – 2.93)	1.91 (1.26 – 2.91)
Mother’s age
Age ≤35 years-old			1	1
Age ≥36years			1.65 (1.10 – 2.47)	1.34 (0.86 – 2.09)
Marital status
Single/Divorced/Separated/Widowed			1	1
Married/Stable Union			1.62 (0.94 – 2.79)	1.15 (0.64 – 2.09)
Mother’s educational level
Complete higher education and below	1	1	1	1
Postgraduate education and above	0.70 (0.49 – 1.00)	0.63 (0.41 – 0.98)	1.59 (1.06 – 2.37)	1.21 (0.76 – 1.91)
Family income
Up to 9 minimum salaries	1	1	1	1
9 to 15 minimum salaries	0.63 (0.40 – 1.00)	0.70 (0.41 – 1.20)	1.56 (0.95 – 2.57)	1.30 (0.75 – 2.23)
More than 15 minimum salaries	0.64 (0.43 – 0.96)	0.89 (0.54 – 1.45)	2.53 (1.58 – 4.05)	1.96 (1.14 – 3.38)

[1] Correspondence to: J PEDROSO. E-mail: <jessicapedroso1211@gmail.com>.

Brasil

Brasil

Atitudes, crenças e práticas maternas em relação à alimentação e ao estado nutricional de crianças em idade escolar

RESUMO

Objetivo

Métodos

Resultados

Conclusão