Factors associated with handgrip strength in older adults residents in <i>Florianópolis</i>, Brazil: EpiFloripa Aging Study

CONFORTIN, Susana Cararo; ONO, Lariane Mortean; MENEGHINI, Vandrize; PASTORIO, Anapaula; BARBOSA, Aline Rodrigues; d’ORSI, Eleonora

doi:10.1590/1678-98652018000400004

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ORIGINAL ARTICLES • Rev Nutr 31 (4) • Jul-Aug 2018 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-98652018000400004 copy

Factors associated with handgrip strength in older adults residents in Florianópolis, Brazil: EpiFloripa Aging Study

Fatores associados à Força de Preensão Manual em idosos residentes em Florianópolis, Brasil: Estudo EpiFloripa Idoso

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective

To investigate the association between sociodemographic factors, lifestyle, health conditions and low Handgrip Strength in older adults.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 598 older adults. The Handgrip Strength (first quartile) was verified using a dynamometer. Independent variables included age group, schooling, living arrangement, paid work, alcohol consumption, smoking, leisure-time physical activity and transportation, disability in activities of daily living and instrumental activities of daily living, history of falls and probable cognitive impairment. Logistic regression analyses were performed (crude and adjusted).

Results

Age group, disability in instrumental activities of daily living and physical inactivity were associated with low Handgrip Strength for women. For men, there was no association.

Conclusion

Low Handgrip Strength was positively associated with age, disability in instrumental activities of daily living, and negatively associated with the practice of physical activity in women.

Keywords
Cross-Sectional Studies; Health of the Elderly; Muscle Strength Dynamometer; Activities of Daily Living

Variables	Female
Variables	n	%(95%CI)	%Low HGS
Age Group (391)
60-69 years	160	40.48(34.09-47.20)	15.74(10.25-23.40)
70-79 years	170	42.31(35.78-49.10)	39.30(28.51-51.24)
80 years and over	61	17.21(12.93-22.79)	59.34(43.96-73.09)
Schooling (390)
No formal schooling or up to 4 years	181	45.42(37.41-53.65)	42.26(35.81-55.07)
5-11 years	142	36.86(31.20-42.91)	25.19(16.87-35.83)
≥12 years	67	17.72(12.97-23.74)	18.52(6.67-42.02)
Living arrangement (387)
Living alone	104	28.76(22.92-35.41)	31.47(17.97-49.05)
Living accompanied	283	71.24(64.59-77.08)	33.68(26.92-41.19)
Currently works (355)
No	309	89.05(85.04-92.08)	35.58(28.00-43.95)
Yes	46	10.95(7.91-14.96)	19.90(10.64-34.13)
Alcohol consumption (391)
Non-consumption	270	69.02(62.54-74.84)	41.11(32.63-50.14)
Non-abusive consumption	97	24.36(19.19-30.39)	18.03(10.17-29.93)
Abusive consumption	24	6.62(4.01-10.70)	6.23(1.46-23.02)
Leisure-time physical activity and transportation (391)
Insufficiently active	192	48.52(42.30-54.78)	46.90(38.34-55.65)
Sufficiently active	199	51.48(45.22-57.70)	20.18(12.98-30.01)
ADL disability (391)
No	247	65.63(59.09-71.62)	25.71(18.42-34.66)
Yes	144	34.37(28.37-40.91)	47.40(38.09-56.90)
IADL disability (391)
No	125	33.34(27.36-39.92)	13.73(7.54-23.70)
Yes	266	66.66(60.08-72.64)	42.92(34.46-51.38)
Occurrence of falls over the last year (391)
No	260	66.12(61.18-70.73)	30.00(22.45-38.81)
Yes	131	33.88(29.27-38.81)	39.31(28.22-51.63)
Cognitive deficit (387)
Absence of probable cognitive deficit	296	75.00(68.78-80.33)	26.77(19.86-35.03)
Presence of probable cognitive deficit	91	25.00(19.66-31.21)	51.30(43.38-59.22)

Variables	Male
Variables	n	%(95%CI)	%Low HGS
Age Group (207)
60-69 years	93	45.51(36.58-54.73)	17.67(9.46-30.06)
70-79 years	82	40.02(32.28-48.29)	37.60(24.98-52.16)
80 years and over	32	14.47(9.08-22.27)	41.63(24.42-61.15)
Schooling (207)
No formal schooling or up to 4 years	74	29.75(22.37-38.36)	18.52(6.66-42.02)
5-11 years	58	37.15(29.58-45.41)	40.86(27.67-55.51)
≥12 years	75	33.10(28.85-41.24)	16.43(9.05-27.99)
Living arrangement (206)
Living alone	21	10.54(6.58-16.48)	31.62(12.33-58.18)
Living accompanied	185	89.46(83.52-93.42)	28.66(21.79-36.69)
Currently works (204)
No	160	77.58(67.91-84.97)	33.71(25.32-43.25)
Yes	44	22.42(15.02-32.09)	14.13(5.63-31.21)
Alcohol consumption (207)
Non-consumption	76	33.72(25.93-42.50)	34.00(22.60-47.61)
Non-abusive consumption,	64	29.17(22.41-37.00)	29.06(16.78-45.41)
Abusive consumption	67	37.11(28.36-46.80)	24.88(12.76-42.84)
Leisure-time physical activity and l transportation (206)
Insufficiently active	64	27.31(20.07-35.98)	39.19(26.53-53.47)
Sufficiently active	142	72.69(64.02-79.92)	25.30(17.10-35.73)
ADL disability (206)
No	163	79.97(71.99-86.11)	25.98(19.09-34.31)
Yes	43	20.03(13.89-28.01)	41.82(24.69-61.19)
IADL disability (206)
No	103	49.41(41.47-57.37)	16.80(9.30-28.46)
Yes	103	50.59(42.62-58.53)	41.15(29.30-54.11)
Occurrence of falls over the last year (207)
No	160	76.13(68.63-82.29)	25.38(17.90-34.67)
Yes	47	23.87(17.71-31.37)	41.13(23.53-61.33)
Cognitive deficit (207)
Absence of probable cognitive deficit	172	85.44(76.49-91.36)	26.64(19.38-35.43)
Presence of probable cognitive deficit	35	14.56(8.64-23.51)	43.82(27.34-61.79)

Variables	Female
	Crude Analysis		Adjusted Analysis^* * Adjusted for variables with p<0.20 (age group, schooling, work, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, functional dependence in ADL and IADL, falls and cognitive decline). OR: Odds Ratio; 95%CI: 95% confidence interval; ADL: Disability in Activities of Daily Living; IADL: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; HGS: Handgrip Strength.
	OR(95%CI)	p-value	OR(95%CI)	p-value
Age Group		≤0.001		0.008
60-69 years	1		1
70-79 years	3.47(1.73-6.93)		2.28(1.12-5.07)
80 years and over	7.81(3.29-18.53)		3.68(1.35-10.00)
Schooling		0.013		0.708
No formal schooling or up to 4 years	1		1
5-11 years	0.41(0.25-0.67)		0.64(0.33-1.25)
≥12 years	0.27(0.07-1.05)		1.05(0.28-3.54)
Living arrangement		0.802		-
Living alone	1		-
Living accompanied	1.10(0.50-2.44)		-
Currently works		0.059		0.208
No	1		1
Yes	0.45(0.20-1.03)		0.65(0.26-1.61)
Alcohol consumption		≤0.001		0.086
Non-consumption	1		1
Non-abusive consumption	0.31(0.14-0.71)		0.47(0.17-1.26)
Abusive consumption	0.09(0.02-0.45)		0.25(0.04-1.75)
Leisure-time physical activity and transportation		≤0.001		0.007
Insufficiently active	1		1
Sufficiently active	0.29(0.15-0.51)		0.45(0.25-0.82)
ADL disability		≤0.001		0.345
No	1		1
Yes	2.60(1.57-4.31)		0.74(0.39-1.41)
IADL disability		≤0.001		0.004
No	1		1
Yes	4.72(2.19-10.17)		3.81(1.60-9.08)
Occurrence of falls over the last year		0.196		0.265
No	1		1
Yes	1.51(0.80-2.83)		1.49(0.79-2.79)
Cognitive deficit		0.002		0.221
Absence of probable cognitive deficit	1		1
Presence of probable cognitive deficit	2.88(1.49-5.55)		1.52(0.71-3.24)

Variables	Male
	Crude Analysis		Adjusted Analysis^* * Adjusted for variables with p<0.20 (age group, schooling, work, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, functional dependence in ADL and IADL, falls and cognitive decline). OR: Odds Ratio; 95%CI: 95% Confidence Interval; ADL: Disability in Activities of Daily Living; IADL: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living; HGS: Handgrip Strength.
	OR(95%CI)	p-value	OR(95%CI)	p-value
Age Group		0.013		0.239
60-69 years	1		1
70-79 years	2.81(0.99-7.97)		2.18(0.73-6.48)
80 years and over	3.32(1.16-9.53)		1.57(0.39-6.33)
Schooling		0.013		0.064
No formal schooling or up to 4 years	1		1
5-11 years	0.65(0.25-1.72)		0.59(0.19-1.79)
≥12 years	0.28(0.10-0.76)		0.29(0.09-0.89)
Living arrangement		0.806		-
Living alone	1		-
Living accompanied	0.87(0.28-2.71)		-
Currently works		0.057		0.192
No	1		1
Yes	0.32(0.10-1.04)		0.42(0.12-1.42)
Alcohol consumption		0.359		-
Non-consumption	1		-
Non-abusive consumption,	0.79(0.30-2.12)		-
Abusive consumption	0.64(0.25-1.68)		-
Leisure-time physical activity and transportation		0.134		0.109
Insufficiently active	1		1
Sufficiently active	0.53(0.22-1.22)		0.40(0.16-1.04)
ADL disability		0.122		0.896
No	1		1
Yes	2.05(0.82-5.10)		1.04(0.33-3.29)
IADL disability		0.011		0.100
No	1		1
Yes	3.46(1.34-8.93)		2.45(0.82-7.29)
Occurrence of falls over the last year		0.150		0.250
No	1		1
Yes	2.05(0.77-5.49)		1.70(0.66-4.32)
Cognitive deficit		0.071		0.722
Absence of probable cognitive deficit	1		1
Presence of probable cognitive deficit	2.15(0.93-4.94)		0.87(0.26-2.82)

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[1] Correspondência para/Correspondence to: SC CONFORTIN. E-mail: <susanaconfortin@gmail.com>.