The impact of a massive dose of vitamin A on preschool children attended in a health unit from Rio de Janeiro was evaluated. Initially, serum retinol levels and anthropometric measurements were determined in 175 preschool children attended in the Children's Service of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, after which a massive (200.000 IU) dose of vitamin A was provided. The children were requested to return to the unit after 30 days. Serum retinol levels were measured in the children who returned (n=99). The prevalence of low (below 1.05 µmol/L) levels of circulating retinol was of 34.3% in all children evaluated in the first attendance. After 30 days the prevalence was reduced from 42.4 to 3.0%. The lower the initial retinol levels the better the benefit from the massive dose. The proportion of children with protein-energy malnutrition was of 4.6%, but no clear association was found between vitamin A deficiency and protein-energy malnutrition. Vitamin A deficiency was independent of the household income and educational level of the parents. The response of children with vitamin A deficiency to the massive dose indicates that a low vitamin A intake may play an important role in the etiology of the problem. The prevalence figures also demonstrate that this problem is not exclusive of the traditionally poor areas of the country.
vitamin A deficiency; child preschool; vitamin supplementary feeding; child
