Between wealth and hunger: conditions for the promotion of food and nutritional security in the capital cities of Southern Brazil

Lima, Giovana Felício; Machado, Mick Lennon; Martins, Milena Corrêa; Pinto, Murilo Lyra; Gabriel, Cristine Garcia

doi:10.1590/1678-9865202336e220267

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Original | Food and Nutrition Policies • Rev. Nutr. 36 • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9865202336e220267 copy

Between wealth and hunger: conditions for the promotion of food and nutritional security in the capital cities of Southern Brazil

Entre a riqueza e a fome: condições para a promoção da segurança alimentar e nutricional nas capitais do Sul do Brasil

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

Objective:

The research was carried out with the objective of evaluating the conditions for the promotion of food and nutrition security in three capitals of the southern region of Brazil.

Methods:

This is an evaluative research, which used an analysis and judgment matrix composed of 7 dimensions, 11 sub-dimensions, 27 indicators and 56 measures, which classified each of the elements of the matrix as excellent, good, regular or poor for the promotion of food and nutrition security in the three capitals. Data collection took place in public and freely accessible information systems.

Results:

The three capitals were evaluated as poor in their conditions for promoting food and nutrition security. Florianópolis and Porto Alegre presented less favorable conditions compared to Curitiba. Aspects related to universal access to adequate food and water, agroecological production systems and sustainable food supply, and traditional peoples and communities stood out negatively in the three capitals.

Conclusion:

Although the evaluated capitals present good socioeconomic indicators, the conditions for promoting food and nutrition security are still fragile, which is reflected in the inability to overcome hunger and food insecurity in the southern region of Brazil. The results indicate the need to qualify territorial strategies for food and nutrition security, considering different contexts, as a condition for guaranteeing the realization of the right to food with equity and priority for families and peoples in situations of social vulnerability.

Keywords:
Food security; Health evaluation; Hunger; Local government; Public policy

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[1] Correspondence to: CG GABRIEL. E-mail: cristine.gabriel@ufsc.br

Characteristics	Curitiba	Porto Alegre	Florianópolis
Population*	1,963,726	1,492,530	516,524
Area (km²)*	434.892	495.39	674.844
Municipal Human Development Index**	0.823	0.805	0.847
State level of Food Insecurity***	22.5	23.5	13.1
Year of entry into Sistema Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional ********	2016	2014	No entry
Existence of a Food and Nutrition Security Plan****	Yes	Yes	No

Dimensions	Sub-dimensions	Indicators	Sources of Information
Dimension 1 - Universal access to adequate food	S1- Populations in situation of social vulnerability	I1 - Families insocial vulnerability	CECAD, 2021; IBGE, 2021; CNES, 2021; SUAS Census, 2021
	S1- Populations in situation of social vulnerability	I2 - Social Inequality	Population Census - IBGE, 2010; UNDP, 2010
	S2 - Income	I3 - Families benefiting from income transfer programs	CECAD, 2021
		I4 - Access to income	Population Census - IBGE, 2010
		I5 - Access to employment	Population Census - IBGE, 2010
	S3 - Distribution of food and meals	I6 - Existence of Public Infrastructure for Food and Nutrition Security	MapaSAN, 2018
		I7 - Local food commercialization establishments	Population Census - IBGE, 2019
		I8 - Food purchased by the Government	Conab, 2021; IBGE, 2021; FNDE, 2020; INEP, 2020
		I9 - Families in poverty and extreme poverty benefiting from non-monetary food distribution	CECAD, 2021; Conab, 2021
Dimension 2 - Agroecological Production Systems and Sustainable Food Supply	S4 - Access to land	I10 - Land distribution	Census of Agriculture - IBGE, 2017
	S5 - Production and supply	I11 - Agriculture incentive programs	Census of Agriculture - IBGE, 2017; FNDE/2020
		I12 - Access to social programs in rural areas	Census of Agriculture - IBGE, 2017
		I13 - Organic production	Census of Agriculture - IBGE, 2017
Dimension 3 - Permanent processes of education, research, and training in FNS	S6 - Food and nutrition education	I14 - FNE actions within PNAE	FNDE, 2019
	S6 - Food and nutrition education	I15 - PSE actions	Painel PSE, 2017
	S7 - Public education	I16 - Access to public education	Population Census - IBGE, 2010 and 2020
	S7 - Public education	I17 - Educational level	Population Census - IBGE, 2010
Dimension 4 - Food and Nutrition at All Levels of Health Care	S8 - Primary Health Care	I18 - Food and nutrition surveillance	SISVAN, 2021; Tabnet - DATASUS, 2020
		I19 - Promotion of adequate and healthy nutrition	Tabnet - DATASUS, 2015
		I20 - Prevention and control of health problems	Tabnet - DATASUS, 2015
		I21 - Sanitary and environmental surveillance	IBGE, 2017; Tabnet - DATASUS, 2021
		I22 - Primary care coverage	Tabnet - DATASUS, 2020 and 2021
Dimension 5 - Universal Access to Water	S9 - Basic sanitation	I23 - Water supply	Population Census - IBGE, 2010
		I24 - Sanitary sewer	Population Census - IBGE, 2010
		I25 - Garbage collection	Population Census - IBGE, 2010
Dimension 6 - Traditional Peoples and Communities	S10 - Traditional Peoples and Communities	I26 - Access to services for traditional peoples and communities	-
Dimension 7 - Assessment and Monitoring	S11 - Assessment and monitoring of SISAN	I27 - SISAN’s structure	MapaSAN, 2014, 2015 and 2018

Dimension		C1	C2	C3	Sub-dimension		C1	C2	C3
1 - Universal access to adequate food					1- Populations in situation of social vulnerability
					2 - Income
					3 - Distribution of food and meals
2 - Agroecological production systems and sustainable food supply					4 - Access to land
					5 - Production and supply
3 - Permanent processes of education, research, and training in FNS					6 - Food and nutrition education
					7 - Public education
4 - Food and nutrition at all levels of health care					8 - Primary Health Care
5 - Universal access to water					9 - Basic sanitation
6 - Traditional peoples and communities					10 - Traditional peoples and communities
7 - Assessment and monitoring					11 - Assessment and monitoring of SISAN
Total “excellent” classifications per municipality	n	1	0	0	Total “excellent” classifications per municipality	n	2	1	0
Total “excellent” classifications per municipality	%	14	0	0	Total “excellent” classifications per municipality	%	18	9	0
Total “poor” classifications per municipality	n	4	4	3	Total “poor” classifications per municipality	n	4	5	5
Total “poor” classifications per municipality	%	57	57	42	Total “poor” classifications per municipality	%	36	45	45
Total FNS Situation Assessment

Sub-dimension	Indicators		C1	C2	C3	No. municipalities with classification “excellent”	No. municipalities with classification “poor”
1- Populations in situation of social vulnerability	1 - Families in social vulnerability					0	1
1- Populations in situation of social vulnerability	2 - Social inequality					0	0
2 - Income	3 - Families who benefit from income transfer programs					1	2
	4 - Access to income					0	0
	5 - Access to employment					0	3
3 - Distribution of food and meals	6 - Existence of Public Infrastructure for Food and Nutrition Security					1	1
	7 - Local food commercialization establishments					1	0
	8 - Food purchased by the Government					0	2
	9 - Families in poverty and extreme poverty benefiting from non-monetary food distribution					0	3
4 - Access to land	10 - Land distribution					0	1
5 - Production and supply	11 - Agriculture incentive programs					0	2
	12 - Access to social programs in rural areas					3	0
	13 - Organic production					0	1
6 - Food and nutrition education	14 - FNE actions within PNAE					1	2
6 - Food and nutrition education	15 - PSE actions					3	0
7 - Public education	16 - Access to public education					1	0
7 - Public education	17 - Educational level					3	0
8 - Primary Health Care	18 - Food and nutrition surveillance					0	1
	19 - Promotion of adequate and healthy eating					0	0
	20 - Prevention and control of health problems					1	0
	21 - Sanitary and environmental surveillance					1	0
	22 - Primary care coverage					1	1
9 - Basic sanitation	23 - Water supply					0	3
	24 - Sanitary sewer					2	0
	25 - Garbage collection					0	1
10 - Traditional peoples and communities	26 - Access to services for traditional peoples and communities					0	3
11 - Assessment and monitoring of SISAN	27 - SISAN’s structure					1	0
Total “excellent” classifications per municipality		n	7	6	7
Total “excellent” classifications per municipality		%	25	22	25
Total “poor” classifications per municipality		n	8	10	9
Total “poor” classifications per municipality		%	29	37	33