A floristic treatment of Erythroxylum species from the Atlantic Forest of Bahia State is presented. We analyzed specimens from the following Brazilian herbaria: ALCB, CEPEC, HRB, HUEFS, HUESC, MBM, R, RB, SP, SPF, as well as images of specimens from a few virtual herbaria: BR, F, K, and NY. Field work was carried out in the studied area, to visit areas with few collections, record rare species, and find possibly undescribed taxa. Twenty eight species of Erythroxylum were recorded, among which E. ectinocalyx represents a new record for the state and E. compressum, E. distortum, E. leal-costae, E. mattos-silvae, E. membranaceum and E. petrae-caballi are threatened. We present descriptions, illustrations, identification keys and comments for all studied species.
flora; taxonomy; Malpighialess
