Close to the Pampulha Lake, Belo Horizonte, MG (Brazil, there were collected (july/72 -November/73) 28 specimens of Holochilus brasiliensis, 11 of them (39.3%) eliminating S. mansoni viable eggs in their faeces. Miracidia from the strain above ("H") could infected Biomphalaria glabrata, the cercariae shed later being also able to infect albino mice, from whose faeces 35,3% of adult worms were recovered in the end of the experiment. S. mansoni cercariae from human strain ("LE") infected 7 H. brasiliensis laboratory specimens, and 30,5% of adult worms could be recovered in the end of 60 days. Anatomopathological studies of H. brasiliensis demonstrated generalized infection, granulomes being detected in the esophagus, stomach, intestines (small and large), tiver, spleen, pancreas and abdominal lymphnodes. Fibrous thickenning of the portal vein intima, granulomes in portal spaces an incipient fibrosis of portal and interlobular spaces were the lesion triggered by the presence of S. mansoni eggs in the liver. In semi-natural surroundings (Fig. 1), the life cycle of S. mansoni could be completed, with no human interference, by using B. glabrata experimentally infected with trematodes from "LE" strain, laboratory-bred H. brasiliensis and B. glabrata specimens from hat seminatural surroundings. It was observed that both strains ("H" and "LE") displayed similar behaviour, no morphological differences having been detected between their eggs and adult worms. Field and laboratory studies demonstrated Holochilus brasiliensis to be a satisfactory intermediate host of S. mansoni. It is than possible that, under certains ecological conditions, the cricetids under study may eventually be integrated in the trematode natural cycle, independently from or parallely the presence of man. It must finally be pointed out that the present paper reports the second case of lifecycle completion under semi-natural conditions. The former studies4,5, however, were conducted on Nectomys s. squamipes.