Seven cases of tropical pyomyositis are reported emphasizing the unique character of muscular suppuration, an exceedingly unusual occurrence in other diseases; possible explanations as to the pathogenical mechanismsare reviewed. Clinical aspects are similar to those of previously described cases but for pyodermitis, an unconmmon feature found in two cases. Eosinophila and normal leveis of serum enzymes usually altered in other muscle diseases are also in accordance to previous papers. Surgical drainage is the treatment of choice, but the early administration of antibiotics might abort the evolution of many cases; the empirical use of such drugs modifies clinical course and most patients are probably diagnosed as having common muscle abscesses, overlooking the high resistance of skeletal muscles to suppuration. Such features might explain the fact the condition has been virtualy undiagnosed in Brazil. The delay is making a correct diagnosis might affect the prognosis and this fact, allied to the great similary in environmental conditions between some Brazilian regions and African countries where the disease has been frequently reported, should justify a greater interest in its study.