Fetal malformations: temporal distribution and its association with the use of pesticides in Rio Grande do Sul

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study is to examine the temporal distribution of congenital malformation rates in Rio Grande do Sul and its potential correlation with pesticide use. This quantitative research adopts an exploratory descriptive approach and was conducted in the first half of 2022. The association between malformation occurrences and pesticide use was determined using Odds Ratios, with a 95% Confidence Interval (CI) applied to the sample. The study reveals variations in congenital malformation rates across the five analyzed periods. The findings suggest a likely association between malformation occurrences in Rio Grande do Sul and pesticide use. Notably, all annual percentage variation values were statistically significant, with positive values indicating an annual increase in congenital malformation incidences in the region. Moreover, the study highlights the presence of variability in the reported cases of all malformations examined throughout the analyzed period. This research underscores the importance of preventing exposure to pesticides, as their widespread and inappropriate usage is linked to detrimental effects on human health. Safeguarding against such exposure becomes crucial in mitigating the risks associated with congenital malformations.

KEYWORDS
Agrochemicals; Congenital abnormalities; Public health