Benchmarking performance: Environmental Impact Assessment in Minas Gerais – Brazil

In Brazil, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environmental Licensing are considered instruments of the National Environmental Policy. Supported by CONAMA Resolution n° 237/1997, each Brazilian state has its own system for implementing these instruments. Due to the differences among the procedures adopted in each state and the existence of critical of its use, this study aims to determine how the EIA system established in Minas Gerais has been developing in the face of international best practices. For this, the information was obtained through the literature review, process analysis and interviews with key actors. Among the positive points of the Minas Gerais system are: the decentralization of the licensing process, the proximity between the technical of environmental agency and entrepreneur and participative decision to be taken by the State Environmental Council. As for weaknesses, they concentrate on the generalization of the scope of the studies, no population participation, consideration of project alternatives, no assessment of cumulative impacts and the type of corrective licensing. Once identified system weaknesses become necessary actions aimed at improving its performance.

Environmental Impact Assessment; Environmental Licensing; Minas Gerais; Benchmarking