Four weeks of exercise regimen for sedentary workers with rounded shoulder posture: a randomized controlled study

Gunaydin, Ozge Ece; Ertekin, Ersen; Gunaydin, Gurkan

doi:10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0257.R1.06072022

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Sao Paulo Medical Journal

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Original Article • Sao Paulo Med. J. 141 (3) • 2023 • https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2022.0257.R1.06072022 copy

Four weeks of exercise regimen for sedentary workers with rounded shoulder posture: a randomized controlled study

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND:

Rounded shoulder (RS) posture causes neck and shoulder pathologies. Mechanical correction taping (MCT) is often incorporated into postural corrective therapies; however, its effects on muscle stiffness are unclear.

OBJECTIVE:

We investigated the effect of MCT with different tape fabrics, along with exercise, on upper trapezius and pectoralis minor muscle stiffness and the posture of sedentary workers.

DESIGN AND SETTING:

A randomized controlled study was performed at Aydın Adnan Menderes University, Aydın, Turkey.

METHODS:

The study included 39 workers with RS posture. Two intervention groups (performance tape: PT and classic tape: CT) were taped twice a week and administered a home exercise program for 4 weeks. The control (C) group performed only home exercises. RS was measured using an acromion-testing table (AT), stiffness using shear wave elastography ultrasound, and shoulder angle (SA) using a smartphone application at baseline and 4 weeks. Time and group interactions were determined using 3 × 2 mixed analysis of variance.

RESULTS:

Intragroup analyses revealed a significant main effect of time on AT distance (η² = 0.445) and SA (η² = 0.325) in the PT and C groups (P < 0.05) and left upper trapezius stiffness (η² = 0.287) in the CT and C groups (P < 0.05). In the post hoc analyses, no difference was noted between the groups from baseline to 4 weeks (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

Scapular MCT added to postural exercises did not show any difference between the intervention groups and controls in terms of muscle stiffness and posture in sedentary workers.

KEYWORDS (MeSH terms):
Posture; Shoulder; Exercise; Photogrammetry

AUTHORS’ KEYWORDS:
Taping; Scapular correction; Stiffness; Elastography

	Exercise	Explanation
‘W’ wall slides	At the edge of the wall, when the back is in full contact with the wall, the arms are first opened to the side and bent by the elbows (making a W), dragging upward on the wall without interrupting the arm contact with the wall, and subsequently returning to the initial W position.	3 sets × 15 Twice a day 4 weeks
Shoulder retraction	Elbows are bent at 90° with arms adjacent to the body. In this position, the shoulder blades are squeezed for 5 s and held close to each other and then loosened. Concurrently, care should be taken not to pull up the shoulders. It is recommended to perform this exercise in front of the mirror if possible.	3 sets × 15 Twice a day 4 weeks
Backward shoulder rolls	While the arms are adjacent to the trunk, and the elbows are bent, the shoulders are rolled up first, then backward, and downward. The shoulder is required to make a full circle movement. This exercise is continued for 2 min.	3 sets × 2 min Twice a day 4 weeks

Groups	Variable	Min	Max	Mean ± SD
PT (n = 15)	Age (year)	19.00	32.00	23.3 ± 3.6
	Weight (kg)	48.00	95.00	63.3 ± 12.6
	Height (cm)	145.00	170.00	164.06 ± 6.3
CT (n = 14)	Age (year)	18.00	33.00	22.5 ± 4.1
	Weight (kg)	48.00	86.00	63.2 ± 13.9
	Height (cm)	158.00	176.00	164.7 ± 5.07
C (n = 10)	Age (year)	19.00	34.00	23.3 ± 5.4
	Weight (kg)	43.50	65.00	57.1 ± 6.3
	Height (cm)	155.00	170.00	163.3 ± 4.96

Parameter	Group	Baseline	At 4 weeks	Difference (95% CI)	P value	Cohen’s d
Parameter	Group	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	Difference (95% CI)	P value	Cohen’s d
SA (degrees)	PT	61.25 ± 8.93	68.19 ± 9.10	6.94 (2.53–11.35)	0.003	0.76
	CT	63.84 ± 9.35	65.84 ± 5.21	1.99 (−2.57–6.56)	0.382	0.26
	C	57.91 ± 9.39	66.09 ± 5.40	8.18 (2.78–13.580)	0.004	1.06
AT distance (cm)	PT	6.10 ± 1.21	5.05 ± 0.80	1.05 (0.49–1.61)	0.001	1.02
	CT	6.40 ±1.28	5.55 ± 1.15	0.850 (0.27–1.43)	0.005	0.69
	C	6.48 ±1.40	5.58 ± 1.26	0.900 (0.21–1.59)	0.012	0.67
Trapezius Stiffness Right (kPa)	PT	43.38 ± 13.79	37.55 ± 12.72	5.83 (−0.78–12.43)	0.082	0.43
	CT	41.64 ± 14.44	38.94 ± 19.01	2.70 (−4.14 to 9.54)	0.429	0.15
	C	38.98 ± 9.73	34.71 ± 12.96	4.27 (−3.82–12.36)	0.292	0.37
Trapezius Stiffness Left (kPa)	PT	46.24 ± 17.26	42.41 ± 13.43	3.83 (−1.82–9.49)	0.177	0.24
	CT	47.94 ± 16.82	40.52 ± 16.08	7.42 (1.58–13.27)	0.014	0.45
	C	42.59 ± 17.33	33.83 ± 8.64	8.76 (1.84–15.68)	0.015	0.63
PecMinor Stiffness Right (kPa)	PT	18.83 ± 14.26	15.13 ± 10.28	3.69 (−5.23–12.62)	0.407	0.29
	CT	22.38 ± 11.65	21.33 ± 13.22	1.05 (−8.19–10.29)	0.819	0.08
	C	26.99 ± 31.13	17.12 ± 12.95	9.87 (−1.06–20.80)	0.075	0.41
PecMinor Stiffness Left (kPa)	PT	15.42 ± 8.39	13.51 ± 8.39	1.91 (−11.70–15.51)	0.778	0.22
	CT	20.63 ± 12.60	19.88 ± 12.38	0.75 (−13.33–14.83)	0.915	0.06
	C	34.40 ± 49.49	18.22 ± 14.81	16.18 (−0.48–32.84)	0.057	0.44

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[1] Address for correspondence: Ozge Ece Gunaydin Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation, Aydın Adnan Menderes University Efeler 09010 Aydın, Turkey Tel. +90 505 822 32 94 — Fax. + 90 256 212 42 19 E-mail: oegunaydin@adu.edu.tr