Relationship between religiosity domains and traits from borderline and schizotypal personality disorders in a Brazilian community sample

Carvalho, Lucas de Francisco; Sagradim, Daniele Elvira Vaz; Pianowski, Giselle; Gonçalves, André Pereira

doi:10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0085

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Trends in Psychiatry and Psychotherapy

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Original Article • Trends Psychiatry Psychother. 42 (3) • Jul-Sep 2020 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2237-6089-2019-0085 copy

Relationship between religiosity domains and traits from borderline and schizotypal personality disorders in a Brazilian community sample

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Introduction

Research suggests that religiosity domains are associated with mental health constructs. Some studies have focused on the relationship between religiosity and personality disorders.

Objective

To investigate the relationship between religiosity domains and pathological traits of the borderline (BPD) and schizotypal (SZPD) personality disorders.

Methods

Participants were 751 adults from the general population who answered the Multidimensional Inventory for Religious/Spiritual Well-Being (MI-RSWB-E), the Attachment to God Inventory (AGI), and factors of the Dimensional Clinical Personality Inventory 2 (IDCP-2). Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis were conducted with pathological traits as independent variables and religiosity domains as dependent variables.

Results

Correlation and regression analyses indicated slightly higher associations between religiosity domain and BPD traits in comparison to SZPD traits. BPD traits showed higher associations with the hope immanent, forgiveness and hope transcendent domains, while SZPD presented higher associations with connectedness. The SZPD-related paranormality factor presented the highest correlation observed in the study and was the best SZPD predictor of religiosity domains. The BPD-related hopelessness factor was the predictor with significant contribution to most regression models. BPD traits presented slightly higher average association with religiosity domains, whereas spiritual-related domains (e.g., connectedness) tended to show higher associations with SZPD traits.

Conclusions

Our findings help explain the relationship between specific pathological traits and religiosity domains.

Personality assessment; religion; mental disorders

	GR	Forgiveness	HI	Connectedness	HT	ESM	Avoidance	Anxiety
Self-devaluation	-0.16 *	-0.30 *	-0.48 *	0.00	-0.29 *	0.02	0.15 *	0.23 *
Abandonment avoidance	-0.11 *	-0.23 *	-0.22 *	0.04	-0.42 *	0.12 *	0.12 *	0.24 *
Vulnerability	-0.12 *	-0.34 *	-0.34 *	0.10*	-0.29 *	0.03	0.12 *	0.21 *
Anxious worry	-0.08^†	-0.28 *	-0.33 *	0.03	-0.42 *	0.09^†	0.11 *	0.26 *
Hopelessness	-0.28 *	-0.37 *	-0.56 *	-0.05	-0.16 *	-0.12 *	0.10*	0.14 *
Impulsiveness	-0.07^†	-0.31 *	-0.23 *	0.09^†	-0.17 *	-0.01	0.07^†	0.16 *
Risk taking	-0.14 *	-0.24 *	-0.08^†	0.12 *	-0.04	-0.02	0.02	0.01
Mr (SDr)	0.18 (0.13)

	GR	Forgiveness	HI	Connectedness	HT	ESM	Avoidance	Anxiety
Interpersonal detachment	-0.21 *	-0.26 *	-0.38 *	-0.06	-0.13 *	-0.05	0.12 *	0.15 *
Eccentric style	-0.21 *	-0.30 *	-0.27 *	0.04	-0.10*	-0.03	0.10*	0.05
Paranormality	0.27 *	-0.04	0.10*	0.63 *	-0.02	-0.23 *	0.16 *	0.09^†
Persecutoriness	0.01	-0.30 *	-0.16 *	0.25 *	-0.22 *	0.04	0.16 *	0.22 *
Depersonalization	-0.06	-0.23 *	-0.23 *	0.24 *	-0.15 *	0.03	0.13 *	0.16 *
Emotional inexpressiveness	-0.23 *	-0.28 *	-0.25 *	-0.11*	-0.01	-0.22 *	0.08^†	0.05
Distrust in relationships	-0.16 *	-0.34 *	-0.18 *	0.01	-0.22 *	-0.01	0.09^†	0.14 *
Deceitfulness of others	-0.09*	-0.42 *	-0.19 *	0.01	-0.25 *	-0.08^†	0.12 *	0.22 *
Intimacy avoidance	-0.23 *	-0.32 *	-0.33 *	-0.07	-0.09^†	-0.13 *	0.10*	0.09*
Emotional apathy	-0.24 *	-0.26 *	-0.37 *	-0.09^†	-0.07^†	-0.22 *	0.08^†	0.06
Mr (SDr)	0.16 (0.11)

	Beta	t	p	r²
General religiosity
Anxious worry	0.11 (.12)	1.94 (2.58)	0.05 (0.01)	0.10 (0.36)
Hopelessness	-0.34 (-0.29)	-6.69 (-6.91)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)
Impulsiveness	0.10 (0.09)	1.95 (2.14)	0.05 (0.03)
Risk taking	-0.14 (-0.14)	-3.09 (-3.56)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)
Age	0.12	3.69	< 0.01
Sex	-0.17	-5.73	< 0.01
Religion	0.45	15.41	< 0.01
Forgiveness
Hopelessness	-0.23 (0.23)	-5.27 (-5.05)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)	0.17 (0.20)
Impulsiveness	-0.12 (0.11)	2.41 (-2.33)	0.02 (0.02)
Religion	-0.11	-3.21	< 0.01
Hope immanent
Hopelessness	-0.47 (-0.47)	-11.36 (-11.23)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)	0.35 (0.36)
Abandonment avoidance	0.15 (0.15)	3.49 (3.45)	0.01 (0.01)
Self-devaluation	-0.25 (-0.25)	-5.18 (-5.20)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)
Risk taking	0.09 (0.09)	2.37 (2.38)	0.02 (0.02)
Religion	0.10	3.57	< 0.01
Connectedness
Vulnerability	0.16 (0.13)	3.07 (2.74)	< 0.01 (0.03)	0.03 (0.30)
Hopelessness	-0.17 (-0.13)	-3.40 (2.92)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)
Risk taking	0.10 (0.10)	2.28 (2.73)	0.02 (< 0.01)
Sex	-0.12	-4.01	< 0.01
Age	0.14	4.05	< 0.01
Religion	0.46	15.11	< 0.01
Hope transcendent
Anxious worry	-0.27 (0.27)	-5.35 (-5.21)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)	0.22 (0.23)
Abandonment avoidance	-0.25 (0.26)	-5.22 (-5.48)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)
Hopelessness	0.14 (0.14)	2.97 (3.06)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)
Religion	-0.07	2.23	0.02

	Beta	t	p	r²
General religiosity
Eccentric style	-0.17 (-0.13)	-4.28 (-3.37)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)	0.19 (0.33)
Paranormality	0.30 (0.10)	8.31 (2.77)	< 0.01 (0.01)
Distrust in relationships	-0.10 (-0.05)	-2.37 (-1.46)	0.02 (0.14)
Emotional inexpressiveness	-0.08 (-0.03)	-2.09 (-0.52)	0.04 (0.40)
Intimacy avoidance	-0.10 (-0.11)	-2.05 (-2.45)	0.04 (0.01)
Emotional apathy	-0.09 (-0.09)	-2.11 (2.20)	0.03 (0.01)
Sex	-0.12	-3.70	< 0.01
Age	0.12	3.53	< 0.01
Religion	0.39	11.69	< 0.01
Forgiveness
Eccentric style	-0.14 (-0.11)	-3.47(-2.60)	< 0.01 (0.01)	0.21 (0.22)
Deceitfulness of others	-0.24 (-0.24)	-5.13 (-5.19)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)
Emotional inexpressiveness	-0.11 (-0.10)	-2.81 (-2.52)	< 0.01 (0.01)
Hope immanent
Interpersonal detachment	-0.22 (-0.21)	-4.95 (-4.65)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)	0.22 (0.22)
Paranormality	0.18 (0.17)	5.02 (4.23)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)
Depersonalization	-0.12 (-0.10)	-2.86 (-2.48)	< 0.01 (0.01)
Emotional apathy	-0.20 (-0.21)	-4.72 (4.98)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)
Connectedness
Paranormality	0.59 (0.45)	19.48 (14.26)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)	0.43 (0.51)
Persecutoriness	0.09 (0.08)	2.51 (2.29)	0.01 (< 0.01)
Depersonalization	0.10 (0.12)	2.81 (3.81)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)
Emotional inexpressiveness	-0.10 (-0.05)	-2.99 (-1.74)	< 0.01 (0.08)
Sex	-0.07	-2.59	0.01
Age	0.10	3.34	< 0.01
Religion	0.27	9.29	< 0.01
Hope transcendent
Paranormality	0.13 (.11)	3.31 (2.65)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)	0.10 (0.11)
Persecutoriness	-0.15 (-0.15)	-3.10 (-3.21)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)
Distrust in relationships	-0.11 (-0.09)	-2.33 (-1.92)	0.02 (0.06)
Emotional inexpressiveness	0.10 (0.09)	2.40 (2.16)	0.02 (0.03)
Deceitfulness of others	-0.14 (-0.14)	-2.73 (-2.75)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)
Experience of sense and meaning
Paranormality	0.22 (0.18)	5.96 (4.31)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)	0.12 (0.13)
Distrust in relationships	0.12 (0.13)	2.61 (2.92)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)
Emotional inexpressiveness	-0.17 (-0.16)	-4.17 (-3.72)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)
Emotional apathy	-0.015 (-0.15)	-3.26 (-3.35)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)
Intimacy avoidance
Paranormality	0.12 (0.06)	2.95 (1.30)	< 0.01 (0.19)	.03 (.05)
Sex	-0.11	-2.80	< 0.01
Religion	0.10	2.41	< 0.01
Abandonment anxiety
Interpersonal detachment	.16 (0.14)	3.21 (2.94)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)	0.07 (0.11)
Eccentric style	-0.12 (-0.08)	-2.71 (-1.93)	< 0.01 (0.05)
Persecutoriness	0.15 (0.14)	3.07 (2.96)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)
Deceitfulness of others	0.17 (0.17)	3.43(3.36)	< 0.01 (< 0.01)
Sex	-0.14	-3.85	< 0.01
Religion	0.17	4.48	< 0.01

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E-mail: trends@aprs.org.br

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[1] Correspondence: Lucas de Francisco Carvalho Rua Waldemar César da Silveira, 105, Jardim Cura D’ars 13045-510 - Campinas, SP - Brazil E-mail: lucas@labape.com.br