Youth, education, and work in Brazil (2012-2022)

Menezes, Vitor Matheus Oliveira de; Santos, Raquel Souza dos

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Article • Tempo soc. 35 (03) • Sep-Dec 2023 • https://doi.org/10.11606/0103-2070.ts.2023.215306 copy

Youth, education, and work in Brazil (2012-2022)

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

By analyzing PNAD-C microdata (2012-2022), this article investigates educational opportunities and access to work among young people. The net enrollment rate in secondary education increased among young people aged 15 to 17 years, but a transition model indicates that racial inequalities in access to secondary education grew between 2017 and 2022, while the mother’s education conditions the basic education at proper age. Furthermore, the role of the young student was consolidated among adolescents aged 15 to 17 years, but for the group aged 18 to 24 years, exclusion from studies and work prevails among young black and female students. Finally, living with children is decisive for access to opportunities among poor women.

Keywords:
Youth; Education; Work; Inequalities.

	2012	2017	2022
Race (ref. Whites)
Blacks	-0.293^*** (0.066)	-0.127 (0.08)	-0.237^* * ** p < 0.001, (0.097)

Sex (ref. Men)
Women	0.784^*** (0.059)	0.683^*** (0.069)	0.576^*** (0.086)

Location of residence (ref. Urban)
Rural	-0.066 (0.07)	0.025 (0.075)	0.038 (0.096)

Log of the household income per capita	0.210^*** (0.037)	0.048 (0.035)	0.134^ p < 0.01, (0.044)

Siblings aged under 17 in the household (ref. No siblings)
With siblings	-0.179^*** (0.025)	-0.225^*** (0.029)	-0.087^* * ** p < 0.001, (0.044)

Household arrangement (ref. Couples)
Single parents	-0.393^*** (0.08)	-0.387^*** (0.078)	-0.154 (0.093)

Mother’s education (ref. No schooling)
Primary School	0.484^*** (0.082)	0.584^*** (0.086)	0.458^ p < 0.01, (0.149)
High school	1.119^*** (0.078)	0.981^*** (0.086)	1.136^*** (0.11)
Higher education	1.557^*** (0.146)	1.439^*** (0.145)	1.155^*** (0.169)

Intercept	-9.768^***	-11.275^***	-12.685^***

	2012	2017	2022
Raça (ref. Brancos)
Negros	-0,293^*** (0,066)	-0,127 (0,08)	-0,237^* * ** p < 0,001, (0,097)

Sexo (ref. Homens)
Mulheres	0,784^*** (0,059)	0,683^*** (0,069)	0,576^*** (0,086)

Local de residência (ref. Urbano)
Rural	-0,066 (0,07)	0,025 (0,075)	0,038 (0,096)

Log da renda domiciliar per capita	0,210^*** (0,037)	0,048 (0,035)	0,134^ p < 0,01, (0,044)

Irmãos com até 17 anos no domicílio (ref. Sem irmãos)
Com irmãos	-0,179^*** (0,025)	-0,225^*** (0,029)	-0,087^* * ** p < 0,001, (0,044)

Composição domiciliar (ref. Casais)
Monoparentais	-0,393^*** (0,08)	-0,387^*** (0,078)	-0,154 (0,093)

Escolaridade da mãe (ref. Sem instrução)
Ensino fundamental	0,484^*** (0,082)	0,584^*** (0,086)	0,458^ p < 0,01, (0,149)
Ensino médio	1,119^*** (0,078)	0,981^*** (0,086)	1,136^*** (0,11)
Ensino superior	1,557^*** (0,146)	1,439^*** (0,145)	1,155^*** (0,169)

Intercepto	-9,768^***	-11,275^***	-12,685^***

Departamento de Sociologia da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 315, 05508-010, São Paulo - SP, Brasil - São Paulo - SP - Brazil
E-mail: temposoc@edu.usp.br

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[1] VITOR MATHEUS OLIVEIRA DE MENEZES is PhD in sociology at the Faculty of Philosophy, Letters and Human Sciences of the University of São Paulo (FFLCH-USP). He is currently a senior analyst on socio-educational research at the Coordination of Research and Evaluation of the Instituto Unibanco. E-mail: vitor.matheus-menezes@institutounibanco.org.br.