A synopsis of Tunicata biodiversity in Brazil

The Tunicata, despite the relatively low species diversity among the invertebrates, has always received attention not only due to their ecological importance, especially in fouling communities, but also for several species that are studied as models for genetics and the evolution of development, as well as being a prolific source of natural products. In Brazil, research during the last 60 years has considerably increased our knowledge of benthic and planktonic tunicates, resulting from the work of several research teams. In this review, we provide information on the biodiversity of coastal Brazil along with an analysis of geographic distribution, sampling effort, the locations and status of taxonomic collections, and research specialists working on this group.

KEY WORDS:
Ascidians; larvaceans; southwestern Atlantic; thaliaceans; Urochordata

Authorship

Rosana M. Rocha

conceptualization

data curation

funding acquisition

investigation

writing original - draft

writing - review and editing

Laboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Invertebrados Marinhos, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná. 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.Universidade Federal do ParanáBrazilCuritiba, PR, BrazilLaboratório de Sistemática e Ecologia de Invertebrados Marinhos, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Paraná. 81531-980 Curitiba, PR, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6712-7960

Tito Monteiro da Cruz Lotufo

data curation

funding acquisition

investigation

writing original - draft

writing - review and editing

Laboratório de Biologia Recifal, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo. Praça do Oceanográfico 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.Universidade de São PauloBrazilSão Paulo, SP, BrazilLaboratório de Biologia Recifal, Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo. Praça do Oceanográfico 191, 05508-120 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3630-1342

Sergio Bonecker

data curation

funding acquisition

investigation

writing - review and editing

Laboratório Integrado de Zooplâncton e Ictioplâncton, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Universidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroBrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilLaboratório Integrado de Zooplâncton e Ictioplâncton, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. 21941-590 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-6900

Livia de Moura Oliveira

data curation

investigation

writing - review and editing

Present address: Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Mamanguape, APA e ARIE do Mamanguape e REBIO Guaribas. 58280-000 Mamanguape, PB, Brazil.Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade MamanguapeBrazilMamanguape, PB, BrazilPresent address: Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação da Biodiversidade Mamanguape, APA e ARIE do Mamanguape e REBIO Guaribas. 58280-000 Mamanguape, PB, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2110-6130

Luis Felipe Skinner

data curation

funding acquisition

investigation

writing original - draft

writing - review and editing

Laboratório de Ecologia e Dinâmica Bêntica Marinha, Departamento de Ciências, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 24435-005 São Gonçalo, RJ, Brazil.Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroBrazilSão Gonçalo, RJ, BrazilLaboratório de Ecologia e Dinâmica Bêntica Marinha, Departamento de Ciências, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 24435-005 São Gonçalo, RJ, Brazil.

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.Universidade do Estado do Rio de JaneiroBrazilRio de Janeiro, RJ, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. 20550-013 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0971-4870

Pedro Freitas de Carvalho

data curation

investigation

writing original - draft

writing - review and editing

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9935-4818

Paulo Cezar Azevedo da Silva

data curation

investigation

visualization

writing - review and editing

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6896-8363

Corresponding author: Rosana M. Rocha (rmrocha@ufpr.br)

Editorial responsibility Walter A.P. Boeger

Competing Interests The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Figures

Figures (3)

Thumbnail

Figure 1
Cumulative number of new ascidian species descriptions from the coast of Brazil. Of the 136 species known from Brazil, almost half have the type locality in the country, and half of those have been described in the last 40 years.

Thumbnail

Figure 2
Distribution of Ascidiacea records along the coast of Brazil by Order, based on published research and vouchers in the scientific collections of the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo (IOUSP), and State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). The subdivisions in the map refer to the ecoregions proposed by Spalding et al. (2007Spalding M, Fox HE, Allen GR, Davidson N, Ferdaña ZA, Finlayson M, Halpern BS, Jorge MA, Lombana A, Lourie SA, Martin KD, McManus E, Molnar J, Recchia CA, Robertson J (2007) Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas. BioScience 57(7): 573-583. https://doi.org/10.1641/B570707
https://doi.org/10.1641/B570707... ), grouped in provinces by color. Each dot represents at least one record, and the abundance of records in the same site is not represented.

Thumbnail

Figure 3
Distribution of Appendicularia records along the coast of Brazil, based on published research. The subdivisions in the map refer to ecoregions proposed by Spalding et al. (2007Spalding M, Fox HE, Allen GR, Davidson N, Ferdaña ZA, Finlayson M, Halpern BS, Jorge MA, Lombana A, Lourie SA, Martin KD, McManus E, Molnar J, Recchia CA, Robertson J (2007) Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas. BioScience 57(7): 573-583. https://doi.org/10.1641/B570707
https://doi.org/10.1641/B570707... ), grouped in provinces by color. Each dot represents at least one record, and the abundance of records in the same site is not represented.

Figure 1 Cumulative number of new ascidian species descriptions from the coast of Brazil. Of the 136 species known from Brazil, almost half have the type locality in the country, and half of those have been described in the last 40 years.

Figure 2 Distribution of Ascidiacea records along the coast of Brazil by Order, based on published research and vouchers in the scientific collections of the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), Oceanographic Institute of the University of São Paulo (IOUSP), and State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). The subdivisions in the map refer to the ecoregions proposed by Spalding et al. (2007Spalding M, Fox HE, Allen GR, Davidson N, Ferdaña ZA, Finlayson M, Halpern BS, Jorge MA, Lombana A, Lourie SA, Martin KD, McManus E, Molnar J, Recchia CA, Robertson J (2007) Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas. BioScience 57(7): 573-583. https://doi.org/10.1641/B570707
https://doi.org/10.1641/B570707... ), grouped in provinces by color. Each dot represents at least one record, and the abundance of records in the same site is not represented.

Figure 3 Distribution of Appendicularia records along the coast of Brazil, based on published research. The subdivisions in the map refer to ecoregions proposed by Spalding et al. (2007Spalding M, Fox HE, Allen GR, Davidson N, Ferdaña ZA, Finlayson M, Halpern BS, Jorge MA, Lombana A, Lourie SA, Martin KD, McManus E, Molnar J, Recchia CA, Robertson J (2007) Marine Ecoregions of the World: A Bioregionalization of Coastal and Shelf Areas. BioScience 57(7): 573-583. https://doi.org/10.1641/B570707
https://doi.org/10.1641/B570707... ), grouped in provinces by color. Each dot represents at least one record, and the abundance of records in the same site is not represented.

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A synopsis of Tunicata biodiversity in Brazil

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[1] Corresponding author: Rosana M. Rocha (rmrocha@ufpr.br)