Tuleariocaris neglecta Chace, 1969 (Crustacea: Caridea: Palaemonidae) associated with the sea urchin Astropyga magnifica Clark, 1934 (Echinoidea: Diadematidae) in the Alcatraz Archipelago, southeastern Brazil

Abstract

The caridean shrimp Tuleariocaris neglecta Chace, 1969, is reported from the Alcatraz Archipelago (24°S, off the coast of southeastern Brazil) in association with the sea urchin Astropyga magnifica Clark, 1934. This finding significantly increases the known range of this species from 20°S to 24°S. An overview of the species in Tuleariocaris with their respective associated host sea urchins is provided.

Keywords.
Alcatraz Archipelago; São Paulo; Coastal and oceanic islands; Marine Conservation Unit

INTRODUCTION

Tuleariocaris neglectaChace, 1969, is a highly specialised, echinoid-associated caridean shrimp. It typically associates with the sea urchin Diadema antillarum (Philippi, 1845) under natural conditions (Chace, 1969; Criales, 1984). In controlled experiments, D. antillarum is preferred when the shrimp is given a choice among several urchin species (Castro, 1974; Hayes et al., 2016). In the remote oceanic island of Trindade, southwestern Atlantic off Espírito Santo, Brazil, T. neglecta was found in association with Diadema ascensionis Mortensen, 1909 (Tavares et al., 2017, as D. antillarum) (Fig. 1A). Occasionally, T. neglecta naturally associates with Astropyga magnifica Clark, 1934, Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758), and Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758) (Castro, 1974; Criales, 1984; González Pérez, 1995; Giribet & Lemer, 2014).

Figure 1
(A-C) Tuleariocaris neglectaChace, 1969. (A) female, pcl 27 mm (MZUSP 41663). Trindade Island, associated with the sea urchin Diadema ascensionis Mortensen, 1909. Photograph by André Pol. B, C Female, pcl 25 mm (MZUSP 42515). Alcatraz Archipelago, off São Paulo, associated with Astropyga magnifica Clark, 1934. (B, C) Anterior part of body, lateral and dorsal views, respectively. Setae and dorso-rostral teeth omitted. Dorsal left side not represented in (C). Scales: B, C, 1 mm.

Tuleariocaris neglecta, whose type locality is Barbados, has long been known from various other localities of the tropical northwestern Atlantic (Florida, Honduras, Panama, Colombia, Puerto Rico, Dominica, Curaçao, Gulf of Mexico) (Chace, 1969; Castro, 1974; Criales, 1984; Giribet & Lemer, 2014; De Grave & Anker, 2017) and the eastern Atlantic (Madeira, Canary Islands, São Tomé and Príncipe, Cape Verde Islands) (Wirtz, 1988; González Pérez, 1995; Wirtz, 2004; Wirtz & d’Udekem d’Acoz, 2008; González, 2018). Recently, T. neglecta was also recorded from the southwestern Atlantic (Brazil: Salvador, Bahia, and Trindade off Espírito Santo, about 13°S and 20°S, respectively) (Tavares et al., 2017). Herein, we report a female of T. neglecta from the Alcatraz Archipelago (24°S) off São Paulo, southeastern Brazil, significantly extending the previously known distribution range of the species further south. This opportunity is taken to provide a brief overview of the four known species of Tuleariocaris, with their respective associated host sea urchins.

In the material examined, the measurements correspond to the postorbital carapace length (pcl, in mm). The specimens from Alcatraz and Trindade Islands are deposited in the collection of the Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (MZUSP).

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Family Palaemonidae Rafinesque, 1815

Tuleariocaris neglectaChace, 1969 (Fig. 1A-C)

Material examined: 1 female, pcl 27 mm (MZUSP 41663), Trindade Island, Ilha da Racha, 20°30′26.5″S, 29°20′48.0″W, J.B. Mendonça coll., 30.vii.2018, 23 m, associated with Diadema ascensionis. 1 female, pcl 25 mm (MZUSP 42515), Alcatraz Archipelago, 24°5′53.10″S, 45°41′18.56″W, V.J.G. Fernandes coll., 15.xii.2019, 7.5 m, associated with Astropyga magnifica Clark.

Remarks: The single female of T. neglecta from Alcatraz agrees well with the descriptions and illustrations of Chace (1969), and also displays all distinguishing characters of the species provided by Berggren (1994). The dorsal surface of the rostrum of the Alcatraz female is armed with 8 dorsal teeth (range: 7-11 teeth); the ventral surface of the rostrum is unarmed, whereas it usually bears 1 to 4 minute teeth (Chace, 1969); and the distolateral lobe of the first antennular article is armed with 4 well-developed spines (range: 2-4) (Fig. 1B, C).

In Alcatraz, T. neglecta was found in association with the sea urchin Astropyga magnifica, although D. antillarum, its more typical host, is also known to occur in this archipelago (A. Migotto pers. comm.). In Trindade, males and females (several ovigerous) were all found in association with D. ascensionis (Martins et al., 2016; Tavares et al., 2017) (Table 1), whereas the urchin host for the single male and the two ovigerous females from Salvador was not recorded.

Table 1
Overview of the shrimp species of the genus Tuleariocaris with their respective host sea urchins. ¹Indo-Pacific; ²Amphi-Atlantic; ³Indo-West Pacific.

Shrimp species	Echinoid-associated host	References
Tuleariocaris holthuisi¹ Hipeau-Jacquotte, 1965	Diadema mexicanum Agassiz, 1863	Wicksten & Hernández, 2000; Marin & Anker, 2009
	Astropyga radiata (Leske, 1778);	Bruce, 1982
	Echinothrix diadema (Linnaeus, 1758);	Bruce, 1982
	Stomopneustes variolaris (Lamarck, 1816);	Hipeau-Jacquotte, 1965; Bruce, 1982
	Echinometra mathaei (De Blainville, 1825)	Hipeau-Jacquotte, 1965; Bruce, 1982
Tuleariocaris neglecta² Chace, 1969	Diadema antillarum (Philippi, 1845)	Chace, 1969; Criales, 1984; Wirtz, 1988; González Pérez, 1995; Wirtz, 2004; Wirtz & d’Udekem d’Acoz, 2008; Tavares et al., 2017
	D. ascensionis Mortensen, 1909	Tavares et al., 2017 (as D. antillarum)
	Astropyga magnifica Clark, 1934	Castro, 1974; this report
	Echinometra lucunter (Linnaeus, 1758)	Giribet & Lemer, 2014
	Arbacia lixula (Linnaeus, 1758)	González Pérez, 1995
Tuleariocaris sarec³ Bergreeen, 1994	Echinometra mathaei (De Blainville, 1825)	Berggren, 1994
Tuleariocaris zanzibarica³ Bruce, 1967	Astropyga radiata (Leske, 1778)	Bruce, 1967; 1982
	Diadema savignyi (Audoin, 1809)	Bruce, 1982
	Diadema setosum (Leske, 1778)	Bruce, 1967; 1982
	Echinothrix calamaris (Pallas, 1774)	Bruce, 1982
	Echinothrix diadema (Linnaeus, 1758)	Bruce, 1982

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are most grateful to Vinícius J.G. Fernandes for the collection and donation of the specimen of Tuleariocaris neglecta from Alcatraz to the carcinological collection of the MZUSP, to the environmental analyst Kelen Leite (ICMBio, Chico Mendes Conservation of Biodiversity Institute) for advice, and to Jessica Colavite (MZUSP) for editing the colour photograph and line-drawings, and for preparing Fig. 1 (A-C). The specimen from Alcatraz was collected under licenses ICMBio no. 36717 and 41562 to Dr. Marcelo V. Kitahara, whose help is greatly appreciated.

REFERENCES

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• Bruce, A.J. 1982. The shrimps associated with Indo-west Pacific echinoderms, with the description of a new species in the genus Periclimenes Costa, 1844 (Crustacea: Pontoniinae). Memoirs of the Australian Museum, 16: 191-216.
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• Martins, L., Souto, C., Braga, J. & Tavares, M. 2016. Echinoidea and Holothuroidea (Echinodermata) of the Trindade and Martin Vaz Archipelago, off Brazil, with new records and remarks on taxonomy and species composition. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, 1-35.
• Tavares, M.; Carvalho, L. & Mendonça-Junior, J.B. 2017. Towards a review of the decapod Crustacea from the remote oceanic archipelago of Trindade and Martin Vaz, South Atlantic Ocean: new records and notes on ecology and zoogeography. Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia, 54(14): 157-176.
• Wicksten, M.K. & Hernández, L. 2000. Range extensions, taxonomic notes and zoogeography of symbiotic caridean shrimp of the tropical eastern Pacific (Crustacea; decapoda: Caridea). Bulletin of the Southern California Academy of Sciences, 99(2): 91-100.
• Wirtz, P. 1988.Twelve invertebrate and eight fish species new to the marine fauna of Madeira, and a discussion of the zoogeography of the area. Helgoländer Meeresunters, 52: 197-207.
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• Wirtz, P. & d’Udekem d’Acoz, C. 2008. Crustaceans associated with Cnidaria, Bivalvia, Echinoidea and Pisces at São Tomé and Príncipe islands. Arquipélago. Life and Marine Sciences, 25: 63-69.

• FUNDING INFORMATION: MT thanks CNPq (309488/2020-6) for funding studies on the systematics and taxonomy of decapod crustaceans.
• Published with the financial support of the "Programa de Apoio às Publicações Científicas Periódicas da USP".

Edited by

Edited by: Carlos José Einicker Lamas.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  03 Oct 2022
• Date of issue
  2022

History

• Received
  13 May 2022
• Accepted
  27 May 2022
• Published
  28 June 2022