Ocorrência de infecção por enterovírus em recém-nascidos internados em maternidade no município de São Paulo, Brasil (1980)

Waldman, Eliseu Alves; Fujita, Mitiko; Hutzler, Rudolf Uri; Ferrari, Flávio L.; Ayub, Munir A.; Pinto, Paulo R. P.; Matheus, José Guido; Kim, Jai S.; Cury, Paulo Cesar

doi:10.1590/S0036-46651984000100002

Resumos

Pesquisou-se infecção intestinal por enterovirus em 300 crianças, aparentemente normais, nascidas de parto hospitalar, com a mediana das idades de 2 dias, estudadas antes da alta hospitalar. Essas crianças foram divididas em três grupos de igual número, sendo que o primeiro grupo foi examinado no período que precedeu o 1.º Dia Nacional de Vacinação Contra a Poliomielite, efetuado em 1980, o segundo logo após a realização dessa imunização em massa e o terceiro posteriormente ao 2º Dia Nacional de Vacinação Contra a Poliomielite levado a efeito no mesmo ano. A pesquisa de enterovirus foi feita a partir de uma única amostra de fezes, colhida de cada criança por meio de Swab retal. Obteve-se o isolamento de poliovírus em 13 (4,3%) dos 300 recém-nascidos estudados, sendo que 8 deles pertenciam ao primeiro grupo e os outros 5 ao segundo. Das crianças infectadas, 12 eliminavam poliovírus lei poliovírus 3. Não foram isolados outros enterovirus. Discute-se a possibilidade da infecção por esses poliovírus ter ocorrido por transmissão transplacentária, via canal de parto ou ainda por infecção cruzada no próprio ambiente hospitalar.

The occurrence of intestinal infection with enterovirus was investigated in 300 healthy children of median age of two days old, born in hospital; the children were analysed before being discharged from hospital. For the investigation, these children were divided into three groups, and each group was composed by equal number of cases. The first group was examined during the period preceding The First National Day for Poliomyelitis Vaccination held in 1980; the second group was analysed soon after this mass immunization and the third after The Second National Day for Poliomyelitis Vaccination, which was achieved in the same year. On purpose of enterovirus investigation, it was analysed the single faeces sample obtained from every child by means of rectal swab. In 300 newborn children analysed, it was obtained poliovírus isolation in 13 (4.3%); among these eight belonged to the first group and five to the second group. From the infected children, twelve eliminated poliovírus 1 and one poliovírus 3. There were no isolation of other enteroviruses. It is considered the possibility of poliovírus infection by transplacental transmission either via delivery canal or through cross infection in hospital environment.

Ocorrência de infecção por enterovírus em recém-nascidos internados em maternidade no município de São Paulo, Brasil (1980)

Occurrence of enterovirus infection in new-born children admitted to maternity ward in São Paulo municipality, Brazil (1980)

Eliseu Alves Waldman^I; Mitiko Fujita^II; Rudolf Uri Hutzler^III; Flávio L. Ferrari^IV; Munir A. Ayub^IV; Paulo R. P. Pinto^IV; José Guido Matheus^IV; Jai S. Kim^IV; Paulo Cesar Cury ^IV

^IDepartamento de Epidemiologia da Faculdade de Saúde Pública da USP

^IIInstituto Adolfo Lutz

^IIIProfessor Titular de Moléstias Infecciosas e Parasitárias da Faculdade de Medicina da Fundação do ABC

^IVAcadêmicos da Faculdade de Medicina da Fundação do ABC

RESUMO

Pesquisou-se infecção intestinal por enterovirus em 300 crianças, aparentemente normais, nascidas de parto hospitalar, com a mediana das idades de 2 dias, estudadas antes da alta hospitalar. Essas crianças foram divididas em três grupos de igual número, sendo que o primeiro grupo foi examinado no período que precedeu o 1.º Dia Nacional de Vacinação Contra a Poliomielite, efetuado em 1980, o segundo logo após a realização dessa imunização em massa e o terceiro posteriormente ao 2º Dia Nacional de Vacinação Contra a Poliomielite levado a efeito no mesmo ano. A pesquisa de enterovirus foi feita a partir de uma única amostra de fezes, colhida de cada criança por meio de Swab retal. Obteve-se o isolamento de poliovírus em 13 (4,3%) dos 300 recém-nascidos estudados, sendo que 8 deles pertenciam ao primeiro grupo e os outros 5 ao segundo. Das crianças infectadas, 12 eliminavam poliovírus lei poliovírus 3. Não foram isolados outros enterovirus. Discute-se a possibilidade da infecção por esses poliovírus ter ocorrido por transmissão transplacentária, via canal de parto ou ainda por infecção cruzada no próprio ambiente hospitalar.

SUMMARY

The occurrence of intestinal infection with enterovirus was investigated in 300 healthy children of median age of two days old, born in hospital; the children were analysed before being discharged from hospital. For the investigation, these children were divided into three groups, and each group was composed by equal number of cases. The first group was examined during the period preceding The First National Day for Poliomyelitis Vaccination held in 1980; the second group was analysed soon after this mass immunization and the third after The Second National Day for Poliomyelitis Vaccination, which was achieved in the same year. On purpose of enterovirus investigation, it was analysed the single faeces sample obtained from every child by means of rectal swab. In 300 newborn children analysed, it was obtained poliovírus isolation in 13 (4.3%); among these eight belonged to the first group and five to the second group. From the infected children, twelve eliminated poliovírus 1 and one poliovírus 3. There were no isolation of other enteroviruses. It is considered the possibility of poliovírus infection by transplacental transmission either via delivery canal or through cross infection in hospital environment.

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Referências bibliográficas

1. BARSKY, P. & BEALE, A. J. The transplacental transmission of poliomyelitis. J. Pediat. 51: 207-210, 1957.
2. BATES, T. Poliomyelitis in pregnancy, fetus and newborn. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 90: 189-195, 1955.
3. BERKOVICH, S. & SMITHWICK, E. M. Transplacental infection due to Echovirus type 22. J. Pediat. 72: 94-96, 1968.
4. BLATTNER, R. J. Intrauterine infection with poliovírus type I. J. Pediat. 62: 625-627, 1963.
5. BRIGHTMAN, V. J.; McNAIR, T. F.; WESTPHAL, M. & BOGGS, T. R. An outbreak of coxsackie B-5 virus infection in a newborn nursery. J. Pediat. 69: 179-192, 1966.
6. CARVALHO, R. P. de S. Contribuição para o estudo dos enterovirus. Folia clin. biol. 35: 1-47, 1966.
7. CHERRY, J. D. Enteroviruses. In: REMINGTON, J. S. & KLEIN, J. (ed.) Infections Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1976, p. 366-413.
8. CHERRY, J. D.; SORIANO, F. & JAHN, C. L. Search for perinatal viral infection. A prospective clinical, virology and serologic study. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 116: 245-250, 1968.
9. CRAMBLETT, H. G.; HAYNES, R. E.; AZIMI, P. H.; HILTY, M. D. & WILDER, M. H. Nosocomial infection with echovirus type II in handicapped and premature infants. Pediatrics 51: 603-607, 1973.
10. CORRADINI, H. B.; DINIZ, E. M. A.; RAMOS, J. L. A. & VAZ, F. A. C. Artrogripose múltipla congênita. Apresentação de cinco casos. Rev. Hosp. Clin. São Paulo 34: 28-33, 1979.
11. EICHENWALD, H. F. & KOTSEVALOV, O. Immunologic responses of premature and full-term infants to infection with certain viruses. Pediatrics 25: 829-839, 1960.
12. FARMER, K. & PATTEN, P. T. An outbreak of coxsackie B₅ infection in a special care unit of newborn infants. N. Z. Med. J. 68: 86-89, 1968.
13. FOX, J. P.; GELFAND, H. M.; LEBLANC, D. R. & CONWELL, D. P. A continuing study of the acquisition of natural immunity to poliomyelitis in representative Luisiana households. Amer. J. Publ. Hlth. 46: 283-294, 1956.
14. GELFAND, H. M.: LEBLANC, D. R.; FOX, J. P. & CONWELL, D. P. Studies on the development of natural immunity to poliomyelitis in Luisiana. II Description and analysis of episodes of infection observed in studies group households. Amer. J. Hyg. 65: 367-385, 1957.
15. HORSTMAN, D. M.; PAUL, J. R.; MELNICK, J. L. & DEUTSCH, J. V. Infection induced by oral administration of attenuated poliovírus to persons possessing homotypic antibody. J. Exper. Med. 106: 159-177, 1957.
16. KATS, S. L. Case records of the Massachussetts General Hospital. Case 20-1965. New Engl. J. Med. 272: 907-914, 19S5.
17. LACERDA, J. P. G.; VIEIRA, E. F. L.; MARTIN, B. S. & GIUSTI, L. S. Isolamento e identificação de poliovírus em São Paulo de 1967 a 1970. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz 31: 21-25, 1971.
18. LAPINLEIMU, K. & HAKULINEM, A. A hospital outbreak caused by echovirus type 11 among newborn infants. Ann. Clin. Res. 4: 183-187, 1972.
19. LAPINLEIMU, K. & KASKI, U. An outbreak caused by Coxsakievirus B₅ among newborn infants. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 4: 27-30, 1972.
20. LYCKE, E. & NILSSON, L. R. Poliomyelitis in a newborn due to intrauterine infection. Acta Paediat. 51: 661-664, 1962.
21. MELNICK, J. L.; WENNER, H. A. & PHILIPS, C. A. Enterovirus. In: LENETTE, E. H. & SCHMIDT, N. J. (ed.) Diagnostic Procedures for Viral Rickettsialand Chlamydial Infection. 5th ed. Washington, American Public Health Association 1979, p. 471-534.
22. PAUL, J. R. Epidemiology of poliomyelitis. In: World Health Organization. Poliomyelitis. Geneva, 1955. (Monograph series, 26).
23. SABIN, A. B.; MICHAELS, R. H.; KRUGMAN, S.; EIGER, M. E.; BERMAN, P. H. & WARREN, J. Effect of oral poliovírus vaccine in newborn children. I Excretion of virus after ingestion of large doses of type I or of mixture of all three types, in relation to level of placentally transmitted antibody. Pediatrics 31: 623-639, 1963.
24. SABIN, A. B.; RAMOS-ALVAREZ, M.; ALVAREZ-AMEZQUITA, J.; PELON, W.; MICHAELS, R. H.; SPIGLAND, I.; KOCH, M. A. & BARNES, J. M. Live orally given poliovírus vaccine. Effects of rapid mass immunization on population under conditions of massive enteric infection with other viruses. J. Amer. Med. Ass. 173: 1521-1526, 1960.
25. SABIN, A. B. Present status of attenuated live virus poliomyelitis vaccine. Bull. New York Acad. Med. 33: 17-39, 1957.
26. SCHAEPFER, M.; FOX, M. J. & LI, C. P. Intrauterine poliomyelitis infection. Report of a case. J. Amer. Med. Ass. 155: 248-250, 1954.
27. SHELOKOV, A. & WEINSTEIN, L. Poliomyelitis in the early neonatal period: report of a case of possible intrauterine infection. J. Amer. Med. Ass. 160: 465-466, 1956.
28. SHELOKOV, A. & WEINSTEIN, L. Poliomyelitis m the early neonatal period: report of a case of possible intrauterine infection. J. Pediat. 38: 80-84, 1951.
29. SWENDER, P. T.; SHOTT, R. T. & WILLIAMS, M. L. A community and intensive care nursing outbreak of coxsackievirus B₃, meningitis. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 127: 42-45, 1974.
30. WALDMAN, E. A. Ocorrência de infecção por enterovirus em recém-nascidos em Unidade de Internação de Hospital Geral Universitário São Paulo, 1982. [Dissertação de Mestrado Faculdade de Medicina da USP].
31. WARREN, R. J.; LEPOW, M. L.; BARTSCH, G. E. & ROBBINS, F. C. The relationship of maternal antibody, breast feeding, and age to the susceptibility of newborn infants to infection with attenuated poliovirus. Pediatrics 34: 4-13, 1964.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
12 Abr 2013
Data do Fascículo
Fev 1984

Histórico

Recebido
02 Fev 1983

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. BARSKY, P. & BEALE, A. J. The transplacental transmission of poliomyelitis. J. Pediat. 51: 207-210, 1957.

[2] 2. BATES, T. Poliomyelitis in pregnancy, fetus and newborn. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 90: 189-195, 1955.

[3] 3. BERKOVICH, S. & SMITHWICK, E. M. Transplacental infection due to Echovirus type 22. J. Pediat. 72: 94-96, 1968.

[4] 4. BLATTNER, R. J. Intrauterine infection with poliovírus type I. J. Pediat. 62: 625-627, 1963.

[5] 5. BRIGHTMAN, V. J.; McNAIR, T. F.; WESTPHAL, M. & BOGGS, T. R. An outbreak of coxsackie B-5 virus infection in a newborn nursery. J. Pediat. 69: 179-192, 1966.

[6] 6. CARVALHO, R. P. de S. Contribuição para o estudo dos enterovirus. Folia clin. biol. 35: 1-47, 1966.

[7] 7. CHERRY, J. D. Enteroviruses. In: REMINGTON, J. S. & KLEIN, J. (ed.) Infections Diseases of the Fetus and Newborn Infant. Philadelphia, Saunders, 1976, p. 366-413.

[8] 8. CHERRY, J. D.; SORIANO, F. & JAHN, C. L. Search for perinatal viral infection. A prospective clinical, virology and serologic study. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 116: 245-250, 1968.

[9] 9. CRAMBLETT, H. G.; HAYNES, R. E.; AZIMI, P. H.; HILTY, M. D. & WILDER, M. H. Nosocomial infection with echovirus type II in handicapped and premature infants. Pediatrics 51: 603-607, 1973.

[10] 10. CORRADINI, H. B.; DINIZ, E. M. A.; RAMOS, J. L. A. & VAZ, F. A. C. Artrogripose múltipla congênita. Apresentação de cinco casos. Rev. Hosp. Clin. São Paulo 34: 28-33, 1979.

[11] 11. EICHENWALD, H. F. & KOTSEVALOV, O. Immunologic responses of premature and full-term infants to infection with certain viruses. Pediatrics 25: 829-839, 1960.

[12] 12. FARMER, K. & PATTEN, P. T. An outbreak of coxsackie B₅ infection in a special care unit of newborn infants. N. Z. Med. J. 68: 86-89, 1968.

[13] 13. FOX, J. P.; GELFAND, H. M.; LEBLANC, D. R. & CONWELL, D. P. A continuing study of the acquisition of natural immunity to poliomyelitis in representative Luisiana households. Amer. J. Publ. Hlth. 46: 283-294, 1956.

[14] 14. GELFAND, H. M.: LEBLANC, D. R.; FOX, J. P. & CONWELL, D. P. Studies on the development of natural immunity to poliomyelitis in Luisiana. II Description and analysis of episodes of infection observed in studies group households. Amer. J. Hyg. 65: 367-385, 1957.

[15] 15. HORSTMAN, D. M.; PAUL, J. R.; MELNICK, J. L. & DEUTSCH, J. V. Infection induced by oral administration of attenuated poliovírus to persons possessing homotypic antibody. J. Exper. Med. 106: 159-177, 1957.

[16] 16. KATS, S. L. Case records of the Massachussetts General Hospital. Case 20-1965. New Engl. J. Med. 272: 907-914, 19S5.

[17] 17. LACERDA, J. P. G.; VIEIRA, E. F. L.; MARTIN, B. S. & GIUSTI, L. S. Isolamento e identificação de poliovírus em São Paulo de 1967 a 1970. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz 31: 21-25, 1971.

[18] 18. LAPINLEIMU, K. & HAKULINEM, A. A hospital outbreak caused by echovirus type 11 among newborn infants. Ann. Clin. Res. 4: 183-187, 1972.

[19] 19. LAPINLEIMU, K. & KASKI, U. An outbreak caused by Coxsakievirus B₅ among newborn infants. Scand. J. Infect. Dis. 4: 27-30, 1972.

[20] 20. LYCKE, E. & NILSSON, L. R. Poliomyelitis in a newborn due to intrauterine infection. Acta Paediat. 51: 661-664, 1962.

[21] 21. MELNICK, J. L.; WENNER, H. A. & PHILIPS, C. A. Enterovirus. In: LENETTE, E. H. & SCHMIDT, N. J. (ed.) Diagnostic Procedures for Viral Rickettsialand Chlamydial Infection. 5th ed. Washington, American Public Health Association 1979, p. 471-534.

[22] 22. PAUL, J. R. Epidemiology of poliomyelitis. In: World Health Organization. Poliomyelitis. Geneva, 1955. (Monograph series, 26).

[23] 23. SABIN, A. B.; MICHAELS, R. H.; KRUGMAN, S.; EIGER, M. E.; BERMAN, P. H. & WARREN, J. Effect of oral poliovírus vaccine in newborn children. I Excretion of virus after ingestion of large doses of type I or of mixture of all three types, in relation to level of placentally transmitted antibody. Pediatrics 31: 623-639, 1963.

[24] 24. SABIN, A. B.; RAMOS-ALVAREZ, M.; ALVAREZ-AMEZQUITA, J.; PELON, W.; MICHAELS, R. H.; SPIGLAND, I.; KOCH, M. A. & BARNES, J. M. Live orally given poliovírus vaccine. Effects of rapid mass immunization on population under conditions of massive enteric infection with other viruses. J. Amer. Med. Ass. 173: 1521-1526, 1960.

[25] 25. SABIN, A. B. Present status of attenuated live virus poliomyelitis vaccine. Bull. New York Acad. Med. 33: 17-39, 1957.

[26] 26. SCHAEPFER, M.; FOX, M. J. & LI, C. P. Intrauterine poliomyelitis infection. Report of a case. J. Amer. Med. Ass. 155: 248-250, 1954.

[27] 27. SHELOKOV, A. & WEINSTEIN, L. Poliomyelitis in the early neonatal period: report of a case of possible intrauterine infection. J. Amer. Med. Ass. 160: 465-466, 1956.

[28] 28. SHELOKOV, A. & WEINSTEIN, L. Poliomyelitis m the early neonatal period: report of a case of possible intrauterine infection. J. Pediat. 38: 80-84, 1951.

[29] 29. SWENDER, P. T.; SHOTT, R. T. & WILLIAMS, M. L. A community and intensive care nursing outbreak of coxsackievirus B₃, meningitis. Amer. J. Dis. Child. 127: 42-45, 1974.

[30] 30. WALDMAN, E. A. Ocorrência de infecção por enterovirus em recém-nascidos em Unidade de Internação de Hospital Geral Universitário São Paulo, 1982. [Dissertação de Mestrado Faculdade de Medicina da USP].

[31] 31. WARREN, R. J.; LEPOW, M. L.; BARTSCH, G. E. & ROBBINS, F. C. The relationship of maternal antibody, breast feeding, and age to the susceptibility of newborn infants to infection with attenuated poliovirus. Pediatrics 34: 4-13, 1964.