Myrtaceae Juss. in restinga of Bahia: diversity, taxonomy, and distribution

ABSTRACT

Myrtaceae has ca. 6,000 species, distributed into 140 genera with Pantropical distribution. The family is one of the five most representative flowering plants in species richness in Brazilian restinga and is also of great importance for the maintenance of the ecological cycles of this vegetation. However, few studies focus on Myrtaceae in restinga, mainly in the State of Bahia, which has the country's largest coastal extension. This study aims to present the first taxonomic study of Myrtaceae from the restinga of the State of Bahia, Brazil. A total of 10 field trips were performed from September 2016 to April 2019, and the most relevant herbaria of Brazil were consulted. A total of eight genera and 85 species of Myrtaceae were identified in the Bahian restinga. Myrcia was the most representative genus with 42 species, followed by Eugenia (23 spp.), Psidium (seven spp.), Campomanesia (five spp.), Myrciaria (four spp.), Neomitranthes (two spp.), and Blepharocalyx and Calycolpus (a single species each). Two of them represented new species to science, and four presented the first records to the studied area. The distribution patterns among the Brazilian biomes and the restinga phytophysiognomies are discussed, also a checklist, identification keys, and photographic plates are provided.

Keywords:
Eugenia; floristic; Mata Atlântica; Myrcia; Myrteae

Introduction

Myrtaceae is the eighth most diverse family of angiosperms worldwide, with 6,000 species distributed into 140 genera (Lucas et al. 2012; Govaerts et al. 2019) and two diversity centers, Australia and the Neotropics (Wilson et al. 2005). The tribe Myrteae comprises nine subtribes, 50 genera, and ca. 2,500 species (Vasconcelos et al. 2017b; Lucas et al. 2019) and represents all the species diversity within this family in Brazil (Wilson et al. 2005; Lucas et al. 2007). This tribe is known for its taxonomic complexity due to the megadiverse genera Myrcia and Eugenia (Landrum & Kawasaki 1997), to its recent diversification age of ca. 32.0 Ma, and mainly to the uniform floral morphology shared by its species (Biffin et al. 2010; Vasconcelos et al. 2017a; 2018).

Myrteae is represented by 23 genera and 1,025 species in Brazil and are characterized by opposed leaves with translucid punctuations, white flowers (rarely pink, reddish to purple), petals free, 4-5 (rarely absent), stamens numerous (rarely fewer), ovary inferior, fruit berry with 1 to several seeds, with persistent or deciduous calyx; when the calyx is deciduous, it leaves a scar on the fruit (Landrum & Kawasaki 1997; Wilson et al. 2005; Vasconcelos et al. 2017a; Proença et al. 2020).

Floristic and phytophysiognomic studies in Brazil show that Myrtaceae is one of the five most representative families of flowering plants in abundance and species richness in Brazilian restinga (Araujo & Henriques 1984; Araujo 1992; Pereira et al. 2001; Pereira 2003; Sacramento et al. 2007; Araujo et al. 2009; Vicente et al. 2014; Henrique & Araujo 2017). This family is also of great importance for the maintenance of the ecological cycles of this vegetation, being an important food source for local fauna due to producing fruits throughout the year, especially on months with low availability of fleshy fruits produced by other plant families (Staggemeier et al. 2017).

Restinga comprises a mosaic of different phytophysiognomies with distinct floristic elements occurring over sandy deposits along the coast, mainly formed by marine regressions and transgressions during the quaternary period (Araujo & Henriques 1984; Araujo 1992). These sandy deposits are affected by the wind and sea-level oscillations, which is reflected in the phytophysiognomy diversity in restinga, including animal and plant richness (Araujo & Pereira 2009). Along the Brazilian coast, restinga discontinuously occurs over the coastal plains from ca. 4° N to 33° S, totalling 7,400 km in extension (IBGE 2004).

Even though Myrtaceae shows great diversity in Brazilian restinga, most of its current studies are restricted to checklists through generalist inventories (Araujo & Henriques 1984; Araujo 1992; Pereira et al. 2001; Sacramento et al. 2007; Araujo et al. 2009; Braz et al. 2013; Henrique & Araujo 2017; Guterres et al. 2020), with a few studies exclusively focused on Myrtaceae (Rosário et al. 2005; Souza et al. 2007; Souza & Morim 2008; Lourenço & Barbosa 2012; Giaretta & Peixoto 2015; Lima et al. 2015; Amorim & Almeida Jr. 2021). However, none of these studies mentioned above are focused on restinga of Bahia, the Brazilian State with the largest coastal extension. Although the Bahia state represents the largest coastal area in Brazil, Myrtaceae studies has been treated only by general checklists (Britto et al. 1993; IBGE 2004; Menezes et al. 2009; Gomes & Guedes 2014; Queiroz et al. 2017; Costa et al. 2018; Silva 2018).

Thus, this study presents the first taxonomic study of Myrtaceae from the restinga of the State of Bahia. A checklist, identification keys, photographic plates, taxonomic, biologic, and distribution comments of the species are presented.

Material and methods

Restinga and its phytophysiognomies in the State of Bahia

Restinga phytophysiognomies are discontinuously found along the coast of the State of Bahia throughout an extension of 1,120 km. Together, these phytophysiognomies form ecosystems associated with the Atlantic Forest biome bordered by mangroves, rivers, and forest patches along the Bahian coast (Martins 2012; Gomes & Guedes 2014; Matos et al. 2017). In some municipalities, such as Caravelas, Alcobaça, and Nova Viçosa, the restinga vegetation inhabits up to 20 km of inland coastal plains; in contrast to Itacaré and Ilhéus in which vegetation occupies narrow sand patches (Martinet al. 1980).

Restinga classification

To classify the restinga phytophysiognomies, we followed the definitions of Araujo & Pereira (2009), IBGE (2012), and Thomas (2003), and the nomenclature proposed by Dias & Soares (2008), as follows: 1) Non-Flooded restinga Forests (Dry Forests) (DF) (Fig. 1 A): occurring where the groundwater does not superficially surface, the soil is constantly humid during the dry season, and the upper layer comprises 15 to 20 m tall trees; 2) Flooded restinga Forests (FRF): occurring where the groundwater superficially surfaces most of the year, usually during the rainy season, and the upper layer comprises 15 to 20 m tall trees; 3) Shrub Thickets (ST) (Figure 1 B-C): occurring in mosaics of dense thickets, usually comprising different plant species of 4 to 6 m tall shrubs, interposed with open areas of white sand or herbaceous layer; 4) Non-Flooded Dense Shrubs (DS) (Fig. 1 D): showing relatively small shrubs (3 to 5 m tall), within a closed and dense physiognomy, mainly populated by species of Myrtaceae, without any interposed open area or with little herbaceous layer; 5) Flooded Dense Shrub/Herbs (FS) (Fig. 1 E-F): typically occurring in open areas alongside water streams in the coastal plain, surrounding lagoons and lakes where Cyperaceae and Poaceae are dominant; 6) Halophyte/Psammophilous Reptant (HPR): herbaceous and subshrub formations, rhizomatous and reptant, mostly occurring alongside the coastal line influenced by higher tides.

Figure 1
Phytophysiognomies of restinga vegetation of the State of Bahia. A. Non-Flooded Restinga Forests (Dry Forests) in Maraú. B−C. Shrub Thickets; B: Municipality of Conde; C: Municipality of Mata de São João. D. Non-Flooded Dense Shrubs in Mata de São João. E-F. Flooded Dense Shrub/Herbs; E: Lagoa Jauara in Mata de São João; F: Municipality of Camaçari (A-F: J.D.O. Melo).

Phytophysiognomies identification occurred during field trips and by verifying the locality information on the labels from all analyzed specimens. Since most collectors used different classifications to name restinga phytophysiognomies over time, it was imperative to standardize all names that were grouped into the six phytophysiognomies: 1) DF, including the terms “forest of restinga” and “arboreal restinga”; 2) FRF, including “tall restinga with marshes” and “flooded restinga” (not observed during fieldwork, but recorded from the vast literature (Matos 2014; Thomas 2003; Dias & Soares 2008) and herborized specimens; 3) ST, including “open restinga”, “restinga patches”, “thickets and shrubs over dunes”, “shrubby dunes”, “herbaceous shrubby restinga”, and “low restinga”; 4) DS, including “shrubby-arboreal restinga” and “dense shrubby restinga”; and 5) FS, including “shrubby restinga with marshes”, “thickets and flooded herbaceous restinga”, and “flooded thicket restinga”. 6) HPR, which had no evidence of Myrtaceae neither described in the literature nor on herborized or during field trips. Finally, for specimens with only the word “restinga” recorded as the phytophysiognomy of occurrence, we classified them as non-identifiable phytophysiognomy (NI). Additionally, we named “anthropized restinga” (AR) when the labels of the specimens indicated the terms “altered”, “anthropized”, “degraded”, and “disturbed” restinga (see species distribution presented in Table 1).

Table 1
List of Myrtaceae from the restingas of the State of Bahia; ■ Endemic to Bahia; ● Endemic to Atlantic Forest domain; ▲ Endemic to restinga vegetation; Phytophysiognomies: DF: Non-Flooded Restinga Forests or Dry Forests, DS: Non-Flooded Dense Shrubs, FRF: Flooded Restinga Forests, FS: Flooded Dense Shrub/Herbs, ST: Shrub Thickets, NI: Not identified phytophysiognomy, AR: anthropized restinga.

Genus/Species	Voucher	Phytophysiognomy
Blepharocalyx O.Berg (1 sp.)
Blepharocalyx eggersii (Kiaersk.) Landrum	A.M. de Carvalho et al. 3119	DF; ST
Calycolpus O.Berg (1 sp.)
Calycolpus legrandii Mattos ●	J.D.O. Melo et al. 29	DF; DS; ST
Campomanesia Ruiz & Pav. (5 spp.)
Campomanesia aromatica (Aubl.) Griseb.	M.L. Guedes et al. 766	DS; ST
Campomanesia dichotoma (O.Berg) Mattos	J.D.O. Melo et al. 42	AR; DS; DF
Campomanesia guaviroba (DC.) Kiaersk.	A.M. de Carvalho et al. 851	DF
Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O.Berg	D.A. Folli 1941	NI
Campomanesia ilhoensis Mattos	M.L. Guedes et al. 21583	DF
Eugenia L. (23 spp.)
Eugenia astringens Cambess. ●	J.D.O. Melo et al. 129	DF; DS; FS; ST
Eugenia ayacuchae Steyerm. ●	F.S. Gomes et al. 874	DF; DS
Eugenia bahiensis DC. ●	R.M. Harley et al. 18480	DF; DS
Eugenia brasiliensis Lam. ●	L.A. Mattos-Silva et al. 1793	DF
Eugenia candolleana DC.	M.L. Guedes et al. 23425	DF; ST
Eugenia costatifructa Mazine	J. Arouck et al. 222	DF
Eugenia dichroma O.Berg ●	G. Hatschbach et al. 47066	AR; DF
Eugenia excelsa O.Berg	H.P. Bautista et al. 4027	DF
Eugenia florida DC.	A.L.M. Brasil 01	DF
Eugenia guanabarina (Mattos & D.Legrand) Giaretta & M.C.Souza ●	A.P. Duarte 6066	DF
Eugenia hirta O.Berg	J.D.O. Melo 09	AR; DF; DS
Eugenia itacarensis Mattos ■ ●	A. Giaretta et al. 1650	DF
Eugenia itapemirimensis Cambess.	J.G. Jardim et al. 2665	DF
Eugenia lacistema Sobral ■ ●	J.D.O. Melo et al. 49	DF
Eugenia ligustrina (Sw.) Willd.	W.W. Thomas et al. 9970	DS
Eugenia melanogyna (D.Legrand) Sobral ●	E.N. Matos et al. 3488	DF
Eugenia platyphylla O.Berg ●	W.W. Thomas et al. 11035	DF; DS
Eugenia pruniformis Cambess.	J.G. Carvalho-Sobrinho et al. 784	DF
Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC.	M.L. Guedes et al. 6262	AR; DF; ST
Eugenia schottiana O.Berg	A. Amorim et al. 493	DF
Eugenia unana Sobral ■ ●	S.A. Mori et al. 13261	DF
Eugenia uniflora L.	L.A. Mattos-Silva et al. 4173	AR; DF; ST
Eugenia sp. ■ ●	D.L. Santana et al. 353	DS; ST
Myrcia DC. (42 spp.)
Myrcia arenaria L.L.Santos, M.F.Sales & Sobral	M. Sobral et al. 8428	DF
Myrcia bergiana O.Berg	J.D.O. Melo et al. 27	DF; DS; ST
Myrcia bicolor Kiaersk. ●	S.C. Sant’Ana et al. 337	DF
Myrcia decorticans DC.	J.D.O. Melo et al. 71	AR; DF; ST
Myrcia densa (DC.) Sobral	M.L. Guedes et al. 8219	ST
Myrcia excoriata (Mart.) E.Lucas & C.E.Wilson ●	E.P. Queiroz et al. 468	DF
Myrcia felisbertii (DC.) O.Berg ●	A.P. Duarte 6035	NI
Myrcia guedesiae J.D.O.Melo & Stadnik ■ ● ▲	M.L. Guedes et al. 23025	DF
Myrcia grazielae NicLugh. ●	W.W. Thomas et al. 10001	FRF
Myrcia guianensis (Aubl.) DC.	J.D.O. Melo et al. 125	AR; DF; DS
Myrcia hirtiflora DC. ■ ●	J.D.O. Melo et al. 23	DF
Myrcia hypophaeaSobral ●	D. Cardoso et al. 2334	DF
Myrcia ilheosensis Kiaersk. ●	M.L. Guedes et al. 11226	AR; DF; ST
Myrcia insularis Gardner ●	J.G. Jardim et al. 215	DF
Myrcia isaiana G.M.Barroso & Peixoto ●	L. Daneu et al. 348	NI
Myrcia littoralis DC. ●	E.J. Lucas et al. 1000	DF; DS
Myrcia loranthifolia (DC.) G.P.Burton & E.Lucas	M.L. Guedes et al. 5483	AR; DF; ST
Myrcia marianae Stagg. & E.Lucas ■ ● ▲	V.G. Staggemeier et al. 764	DF
Myrcia multiflora (Lam.) DC.	L.A. Mattos-Silva et al. 4205	DF
Myrcia multipunctata Mazine	E. Matos et al. 1202	DF
Myrcia neoregeliana E.Lucas & C.E.Wilson	M.L. Guedes et al. 8215	ST
Myrcia neoverticillaris E.Lucas & C.E.Wilson●	S.C. Sant’Ana et al. 325	DF
Myrcia neuwiedeana (O.Berg) E.Lucas & C.E.Wilson ●	G. Hatschbach et al. 53479	DF; FS; ST
Myrcia obversa (D.Legrand) E.Lucas & C.E.Wilson ●	L.A. Mattos-Silva et al. 4566	DF
Myrcia perforata O.Berg	A.M. de Carvalho et al. 6509	DS
Myrcia polyantha DC.	J.D.O. Melo et al. 73	DF; DS
Myrcia polygama (O.Berg) M.F.Santos ●	H.M. Dias et al. 292	AR
Myrcia racemosa (O.Berg) Kiaersk.	R.M. Harley et al. 17079	DF; DS
Myrcia raminfinita L.Marinho & E.Lucas ■ ● ▲	L.C. Marinho et al. 1186	DF
Myrcia ramuliflora (O.Berg) N.Silveira ● ▲	J.D.O. Melo et al. 28	AR; ST
Myrcia restingae (Sobral) A.R.Lourenço & E.Lucas ● ▲	E.J. Lucas et al. 990	DF; ST
Myrcia rosangelae NicLugh. ●	F. França 3223	DF; DS
Myrcia salzmannii O.Berg ●	J.D.O. Melo et al. 132	AR; DF; ST
Myrcia spathulifolia Proença ●	J.D.O. Melo et al. 120	DF; DS; ST
Myrcia splendens (Sw.) DC.	M.L. Guedes 30354	AR; DF; DS; FS; ST
Myrcia sylvatica (G.Mey.) DC.	M. Ibrahim et al. 112	DF; DS
Myrcia tetraphylla Sobral ■ ●	J.G. Jardim et al. 265	DF
Myrcia thyrsoidea O.Berg ●	E.J. Lucas et al. 1095	AR; DF
Myrcia tomentosa (Aubl.) DC.	F.S. Gomes et al. 1233	AR; DF
Myrcia vellozoi Mazine ●	W.W. Thomas et al. 9040	DF
Myrcia vittoriana Kiaersk. ●	J.D.O. Melo et al. 137	AR; DF; DS; FRF
Myrcia sp. ● ▲	J.D.O. Melo et al. 19	DF; ST
Myrciaria O.Berg (4 spp.)
Myrciaria floribunda (H.West ex Willd.) O.Berg	J.D.O. Melo et al. 25	DF; DS; ST
Myrciaria glomerata O.Berg	W.W. Thomas et al. 9991	FRF
Myrciaria pilosa Sobral & Couto	D. Cardoso et al. 2035	DF
Myrciaria strigipes O.Berg ●	G. Hatschbach et al. 49454	AR; DS
Neomitranthes D.Legrand (2 spp.)
Neomitranthes obscura (DC.) N.Silveira ●	A.M. de Carvalho et al. 816	DF
Neomitranthes obtusa Sobral & Zambom ●	J.G. Jardim et al. 233	DF; DS
Psidium L. (7 spp.)
Psidium amplexicaule Pers. ● ▲	H.P. Bautista et al. 1578	ST
Psidium bahianum Landrum & Funch ■ ●	M.R. Fonseca et al. 88	AR; DF
Psidium brownianum Mart. ex DC.	M.L. Guedes et al. 10695	NI
Psidium cattleyanum Sabine	T.S. Nunes et al. 1352	DF; ST
Psidium guajava L.	E.M. Costa-Neto 42	AR
Psidium guineense Sw.	J.D.O. Melo et al. 141	DF; DS
Psidium oligospermum Mart. ex DC.	J.D.O. Melo et al. 30	AR; DF; DS; ST

Taxonomy

A total of 10 field trips, lasting from three to seven days each, were performed in seven municipalities of the State of Bahia (Conde, Ilhéus, Itacaré, Ituberá, Maraú, Mata de São João, and Una) from September 2016 to April 2019 (Fig. 2). Specimen collections were made following usual methods (Peixoto & Maia 2013) during walks in all different restinga phytophysiognomies. All specimens were processed, dried, and included in the Alexandre Leal Costa Herbarium (ALCB), with duplicates sent to the Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana Herbarium (HUEFS). For taxa identification, we consulted specialized literature, besides analyzing type specimens, e-types, and their protologues.

Figure 2
A. Brazilian map. B. Coast of Bahia state; the highlighted municipalities are those sampled by collections.

The most relevant herbaria of Brazil for restinga vegetation and Myrtaceae were consulted for the elaboration of the checklist (ALCB, CEPEC, HRB, HUEFS, HURB, MBM, RB, and SPF, acronyms following Thiers 2020). The description of vegetative characters and indument types followed Radford et al. (1974) and Beentje (2016), while inflorescence architecture followed Briggs & Johnson (1979). Specific morphological terminology for Myrtaceae followed Landrum & Kawasaki (1997) and Lucas et al. (2019). The morphological features of racemes in Eugenia species were described according to Mazine (2006) and Mazine et al. (2014). Measurements were taken from dried specimens and are presented as length x width. Species distribution was obtained from specimen labels, protologues, and online databases such as Flora e Funga do Brasil 2020, GBif (https://www.gbif.org/) and SpeciesLink (https://specieslink.net). The distribution map was generated on QGIS (QGIS Development Team 2022).

Results and discussion

Diversity of Myrtaceae in restinga of the State of Bahia

A total of eight genera and 85 species of Myrtaceae were identified in the restinga of Bahia, with ten of them endemic to this State, 45 species endemics to the Atlantic Forest biome, and six species endemics to restinga vegetation (Table 1). Myrcia was the most representative genus with 42 species, followed by Eugenia (23 spp.), Psidium (seven spp.), Campomanesia (five spp.), Myrciaria (four spp.), Neomitranthes (two spp.), and Blepharocalyx and Calycolpus (a single species each). Two species (Eugenia sp. and Myrcia sp.) are new for science and are being prepared for publication (Faria et al. unpubl. res.; Melo et al. unpubl. res.).

This study presents the first records of four species in Bahian restinga: Eugenia melanogyna, previously recorded for Southeast and Southern Brazil; Myrcia bicolor, before cited to rainforests of the State of Bahia and Southeast Brazil (Santos et al. 2018); and Campomanesia aromatica and Myrciaria pilosa, mentioned to the Caatinga biome and semideciduous dry forests, respectively (Oliveira et al. 2012; Proença et al. 2020).

Distribution patterns

Four distribution patterns were identified within the Myrtaceae from restinga of Bahia state (Fig. 3): 49 species (58%) are endemic of the Atlantic Forest biome (AF); 17 species (19%) occur widely distributed in Brazil (WID); 16 species (19%) occur in the Atlantic Forest biome and Central Brazil, besides the Caatinga and Cerrado biomes (ACC); and three species (4%) occur disjunct between the Atlantic and Amazon Forests (AAM).

Figure 3
Distribution pattern of Myrtaceae species found in restinga in the state of Bahia: WID - widely distributed in Brazil; AF - endemic of the Atlantic Forest biome; AAM - disjunction between the Atlantic and Amazon Forests; ACC - Atlantic Forest, Caatinga and Cerrado biomes.

Previous floristic studies evidenced that restinga phytophysiognomies are colonized by plants from their surrounding biomes, such as the Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, Cerrado, and even the Amazon Forest. It reflects the species occurring among these Biomes and the low endemism rate found in restinga (Scarano 2002; Castro et al. 2012; Fernandes & Queiroz 2015), corroborating our results (only six species). Of all species here classified as ACC, five of them only occur in the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga (Campomanesia ilhoensis, Eugenia schottiana, Myrcia arenaria, M. bergiana, and Myrciaria pilosa), two only occur in the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado (M. ilheosensis and M. racemosa), and nine occur in the Atlantic Forest, Caatinga and Cerrado (C. dichotoma, M. densa, M. multipunctata, M. loranthifolia, M. neoregeliana, M. polyantha, Psidium brownianum, P. cattleyanum, and P. oligospermum). This pattern is probably related to the geographical proximity of the Bahian restinga to the Caatinga biome instead of the Cerrado Biome (Fig. 2).

Most species of Myrtaceae found in restinga of Bahia are endemic to the Atlantic Forest, similar to previous studies (Assiset al. 2004). This pattern is expected since most of the Brazilian restinga is associated with and heavily influenced by this biome (Cerqueira 2000).

The Atlantic Forest biome comprises more than half of the species of Myrtaceae from Brazil (692 spp. or 58%, Proença et al. 2020), and recent Myrteae biogeographical reviews showed that the Atlantic Forest is the most likely ancestral area of the biggest genera, Myrcia and Eugenia, reflecting the great diversity of Myrtaceae in the Atlantic Forest (Santos et al. 2017; Mazine et al. 2018; Amorim et al. 2019). According to these recent studies, the main Myrteae lineages originated in the Atlantic Forest and later colonized the Amazon basin, Caatinga, Cerrado, Caribbean, and the Andes, which could explain species occurring among these biomes. For instance, Blepharocalyx eggersii, Eugenia excelsa and Myrciaria glomerata are disjunct distributed between the Atlantic and Amazon Forests.

A total of 26 species of Myrtaceae from the restinga of Bahia also occur in the Espinhaço mountain range in several habitats (Campo Rupestre, Forests, Caatinga s.l., and Cerrado s.l.). This disjunction pattern has been recently recorded in the literature for other angiosperms groups (Alves et al. 2007; Lucresia et al. unpubl. res.).

Eugenia punicifolia, Myrcia guianensis, M. splendens, M. tomentosa, Myrciaria floribunda, and Psidium guajava are widely distributed (WID) and occur in all Brazilian biomes, from humid to dry vegetation, bearing remarkable morphological plasticity in leaf size, texture, and indument.

Diversity of Myrtaceae among different restinga phytophysiognomies

Analyzing species distribution of Myrtaceae among restinga phytophysiognomies in the State of Bahia we could see that 68 species (45% of the total) are found in DF, with 31 species exclusive of this phytophysiognomy (Fig. 4). This result shows the importance of Myrtaceae for forested physiognomies within restinga dry forests (Assumpção & Nascimento 2000; Matos 2014).

Figure 4
Number of Myrtaceae species at each restinga phytophysiognomy in the state of Bahia (green - total of species; orange - exclusive species): AR: anthropized restinga; DF: Non-Flooded Restinga Forests or Dry Forests; DS: Non-Flooded Dense Shrubs; FRF: Flooded Restinga Forests; FS: Flooded Dense Shrub/Herbs; ST: Shrub Thickets; NI: Not identified phytophysiognomy.

The DS phytophysiognomy registered 26 species (17%), with two (Eugenia ligustrina and Myrcia luschnathiana) restricted to it. ST phytophysiognomy recorded 25 species (17%), with Myrcia densa, M. neoregeliana, and Psidium amplexicaule occurring exclusively in Lagoas e Dunas do Abaeté Environmental Protection Area, which has one of the richest phanerogamic flora of dunes in Brazil (Britto et al. 1993).

Only six species were recorded in flooded restinga; four in the FRF phytophysiognomy, being Myrcia grazielae and Myrciaria glomerata restrict to it, and three species in the FS phytophysiognomy (Eugenia astringens, Myrcia neuwiedeana and M. splendens), with no exclusive species recorded. The low number of species occurring in flooded phytophysiognomies was also reported by Matos (2014), that showed soil flooding is a limiting factor for establishing species of Myrtaceae.

We have also noticed that some species of Myrtaceae occur in different portions of the Bahian restinga: 11 species (13%) are found in Northern restinga (above the municipality of Salvador), and 37 species (43%) only occur in southern restinga (below the municipality of Salvador) in the State of Bahia. Martin et al. (1980) and Matos (2014) pointed out that the floristic heterogeneity of northern and southern restinga in the State of Bahia might reflect climatic differences and the influence of different vegetation types. The northern Bahian coast is surrounded mainly by the Caatinga biome that presents a semiarid climate (Matos 2014; Matos et al. 2017), while the remaining coastal areas are not markedly dry (Martin et al. 1980; Cerqueira 2000) and is surrounded by the Atlantic Forest biome with great diversity and endemisms (Mori et al. 1981; 1983; Thomas et al. 1998; Amorim et al. 2005; Matos 2014).

Key of Myrtaceae genera from restinga of Bahia ( Fig. 5 )

1. Inflorescence panicle or thyrsoid ………………………… 2

1. Inflorescence in glomerule, fascicle, raceme, corymb, dichasium or solitary flowers ………………………… 3

2. Stamens curved in the bud, ovary with 2 ovules per locule, embryo with two free, foliaceous cotyledons ………………………… Myrcia

2. Stamens straight in the bud, ovary with 3-5 ovules per locule, embryo with cotyledons and hypocotyl-radicle axis fused and homogenous ………………………… Eugenia guanabarina

3. Flowers with 2 calyx lobes, free, opening regularly, circular staminal ring ………………………… Blepharocalyx eggersii

3. Flowers with 4-5 calyx lobes, free or fused, tearing or opening via calyptra when fused, angular staminal ring ………………………… 4

4. Hypanthium prolonged above the ovary summit, a thin staminal ring (<30% of the floral disc) ………………………… 5

4. Hypanthium flat, thick staminal ring (>30% of the floral disc) ………………………… 7

5. Solitary flowers, calyx lobes persistent after anthesis, embryo with two foliaceous cotyledons ………………………… Myrcia marianae

5. Inflorescence in raceme or glomerule, calyx lobes deciduous after anthesis, embryo with cotyledons and hypocotyl-radicle axis homogenous ………………………… 6

6. Calyx lobes fused in the bud, with an apiculum opening via calyptra ………………………… Neomitranthes

6. Four calyx lobes free in the bud, opening regularly ………………………… Myrciaria

7. Floral bud with 4 free and regular calyx lobes, stigma terete, embryo with cotyledons and hypocotyl-radicle axis fused and homogenous ………………………… Eugenia

7. Floral bud usually with 5 free calyx lobes, or fused opening irregularly in anthesis, stigma capitate, embryo C-shaped or spiraled ………………………… 8

8. Calyx lobes and bracteoles foliaceous ………………………… Calycolpus legrandii

8. Calyx lobes and bracteoles not foliaceous ………………………… 9

9. Placenta intrusive in the locule, locule walls not glandular, locules distributed throughout the fruit, not oriented in a ring; bony seed coat ………………………… Psidium

9. Placenta not intrusive in the locule, locule walls glandular, functioning as a false seed coat (Fig. 5 F), locules arranged in a ring in the fruit; membranaceous seed coats ………………………… Campomanesia

Key to the species of Campomanesia from restinga of Bahia ( Fig. 5 )

1. Inflorescence in dichasium ………………………… 2

1. Solitary flowers ………………………… 3

2. Peduncle 1.0-1.7 cm long; calyx lobes free in the bud; fruits surface muricate ………………………… C. ilhoensis

2. Peduncle 2.2-6.4 cm long; calyx lobes fused in the bud; fruits surface smooth ………………………… C. dichotoma

3. Leaf blade 3.5-5.3 cm long, glabrous on both faces; pedicel 14.6-22.3 mm long ………………………… C. aromatica

3. Leaf blade 6-10 cm long, pubescent on abaxial face; pedicel 1-3 mm long ………………………… 4

4. Branches, leaves, and flowers with ochreous indumentum; domatia in the axils of the leaf veins on the abaxial surface; calyx lobes free in the bud ………………………… C. guaviroba

4. Branches, leaves, and flowers with white indumentum; domatia absent; calyx lobes fused in the bud ………………………… C. guazumifolia

Key to the species of Eugenia from restinga of Bahia ( Fig. 6 )

1. Inflorescence thyrsoid; calyx lobes fused in the bud ………………………… E. guanabarina

1. Inflorescence in raceme, dichasium, glomerule or fascicle; calyx lobes free in the bud ………………………… 2

2. Bracteoles and calyx lobes foliaceous and showy (13.2-16.5 mm long) ………………………… E. itacarensis

2. Bracteoles and calyx lobes not foliaceous and not showy (1-5 mm long) ………………………… 3

3. Inflorescence in raceme or dichasium ………………………… 4

3. Inflorescence in fascicle or glomerule ………………………… 13

4. Inflorescence in dichasium; locule walls densely pilose in the ovary ………………………… Eugenia sp.

4. Inflorescence in raceme; locule walls glabrous in the ovary ………………………… 5

5. Inflorescence in raceme (with a terminate vegetative bud); bracteoles persistent after anthesis ………………………… 6

5. Inflorescence in raceme auxothelic (vegetative branch keep growing at the apex, beyond the flowering region); bracteoles deciduous after anthesis ………………………… 10

6. Raceme corymbiform ………………………… 7

6. Raceme not corymbiform ………………………… 8

7. Inflorescence with ferrugineous indumentum ………………………… E. pruniformis

7. Inflorescence with ochreous indumentum ………………………… E. candolleana

8. Hypanthium and fruits costate ………………………… E. costatifructa

8. Hypanthium and fruits smooth ………………………… 9

9. Leaf blade elliptic, apex acute; hypanthium glabrous ………………………… E. florida

9. Leaf blade obovate, apex obtuse; hypanthium densely pubescent ………………………… E. schottiana

10. Hypanthium and fruits costate ………………………… E. uniflora

10. Hypanthium and fruits smooth ………………………… 11

11. Leaf blade obovate; cataphylls obovate, conspicuous (4.8-12 mm long) ………………………… 12

11. Leaf blade elliptic; cataphylls ovate, inconspicuous (ca. 1 mm long) ………………………… E. dichroma

12. Leaf blade 2.8-4.8 × 1.1-2.3 cm, short petioles (2-4 mm long); cataphylls 4-8 mm long ………………………… E. ligustrina

12. Leaf blade 7.8-8.6 × 2.8-3.8 cm, long petioles (7-15 mm long); cataphylls 10-12 mm long ………………………… E. brasiliensis

13. Bracteoles persistent at fruit; style twice the length of the stamens ………………………… 14

13. Bracteoles deciduous; style approximately the same length as the stamens ………………………… 22

14. Leaf blade 7-26.5 cm long ………………………… 15

14. Leaf blade 1.8-6 cm long ………………………… 20

15. Flowers sessile (pedicel 0.1-1 mm long) ………………………… E. ayacuchae

15. Flowers pedicellate (pedicel 2-14 mm long) ………………………… 16

16. Leaf blade with rounded apex ………………………… E. unana

16. Leaf blade with acute or acuminate apex ………………………… 17

17. Bracteoles conspicuous (2-3.5 mm long), with a fused base, partially surrounding the ovary ………………………… E. itapemirimensis

17. Bracteoles inconspicuous (0.3-2 mm long), free and not surrounding the ovary ………………………… 18

18. Inflorescence main axis with lignified bracts (Fig. 6 E), persistent and congest along the axis ………………………… E. lacistema

18. Inflorescence axis with bracts not lignified, deciduous, and lax along the axis. ………………………… 19

19. Flowers, pedicels, and fruits with indumentum velutinous ………………………… E. bahiensis

19. Flowers, pedicels, and fruits glabrous ………………………… E. melanogyna

20. Leaf blade with apex acute or acuminate; calyx lobes 1-3 mm long; red ripe fruit ………………………… 21

20. Leaf blade with apex rounded; calyx lobes 0.4-1 mm long; dark purple to black ripe fruit ………………………… E. astringens

21. Plants with hirsute indumentum; leaves sessile or subsessile (petiole 0.3-1.6 mm long), blade ovate, base cordate ………………………… E. hirta

21. Plants glabrous; leaves petiolate (petiole 2-5 mm long), blade elliptic or lanceolate, base attenuate ………………………… E. punicifolia

22. Petioles 2-4 mm long, leaf blade with apex cuspidate; inflorescence axis 2-3 mm long ………………………… E. excelsa

22. Petioles 6-10 mm long, leaf blade with apex acute; inflorescence axis 1-2 mm long ………………………… E. platyphylla

Key to the species of Myrcia from restinga of Bahia ( Figs. 7 and 8 )

1. Branches with sympodial growth ………………………… 2

1. Branches with monopodial growth ………………………… 4

2. Leaf blade with apex caudate; calyx lobes free in the floral bud ………………………… M. bicolor

2. Leaf blade with apex acute or acuminate; calyx lobes completely fused in the floral but, tearing as a calyptra at anthesis ………………………… 3

3. leaf blade elliptic, matte adaxially (herborized); floral bud obovoid, calyptra convex ………………………… M. loranthifolia

3. Leaf blade ovate, glossy adaxially (herborized); floral bud fusiform, calyptra conical ………………………… M. restingae

4. Floral disc densely covered by trichomes; hypanthium flat ………………………… 5

4. Floral disc glabrous or few trichomes on style base; hypanthium extended above the ovary ………………………… 15

5. Staminal ring thin (<30% of floral disc); anthers with pollen sac positioned unevenly, and irregular dehiscence ………………………… 6

5. Staminal ring thick (>60% of floral disc); anthers with pollen sacs positioned at the same level, and regular dehiscence (longitudinal) ………………………… 9

6. Leaf blade bullate adaxially, abaxial side puberulous or tomentose ………………………… M. grazielae

6. Leaf blade smooth adaxially; abaxial side strigose, mainly in young leaves ………………………… 7

7. Sessile or subsessile leaf (petiole 0-2 mm long.) ………………………… M. rosangelae

7. Petiolate leaf (petiole 3-6 mm long.) ………………………… 8

8. Leaf blade 2-9 × 1.2-5 cm long; leaf blade with apex rounded or retuse; calyx lobes acute; fruit globose ………………………… M. ilheosensis

8. Leaf blade 11.7-21.5 × 4.4-8.2 cm long; leaf blade with apex acute or acuminate; calyx lobes rounded; fruit conical ………………………… M. vittoriana

9. Plants with ferruginous indumentum ………………………… 10

9. Plants with white, cream, or amber indumentum ………………………… 12

10. Leaf blade 16-18 cm long; 20-24 pairs of secondary veins; fruit ellipsoid ………………………… M. perforata

10. leaf blade 8-15 cm long; 8-20 pairs of secondary veins; fruit globose ………………………… 11

11. Leaf blade smooth, 15-20 pairs of secondary veins, inconspicuous in both sides, abaxial side totally covered by trichomes (mature leaf); calyx lobes deltate, ca. 1 mm long ………………………… M. bergiana

11. Leaf blade bullate, 8-12 pairs of secondary veins, conspicuous protruding abaxially and sulcate adaxially, abaxial side with trichomes just along the main vein (mature leaf); calyx lobes rounded, ca. 2 mm long ………………………… M. isaiana

12. Leaf blade with apex rounded or retuse, glabrous or sparsely pubescent; hypanthium glabrescent on external side ………………………… M. thyrsoidea

12. Leaf blade with apex acute or acuminate, tomentose or densely pubescent; hypanthium with persistent indument on external side ………………………… 13

13. Leaf blade with main vein flat adaxially, secondary veins protruding abaxially; floral bud 3 × 2-3 mm; hypanthium with ocherous indumentum ………………………… M. splendens

13. Leaf blade with main vein sulcate adaxially, secondary veins inconspicuous and flat abaxially; floral buds ca. 2 × 2 mm; hypanthium with white indumentum ………………………… 14

14. Leaf blade with base cordate, margin revolute; fruit globose ………………………… M. salzmannii

14. Leaf blade with base attenuate, margin entire; fruit ellipsoid ………………………… M. sylvatica

15. Inflorescence reduced to one flower ………………………… M. marianae

15. Inflorescence in corymb, thyrse or panicle ………………………… 16

16. Flowers in thyrse, up to 3 lateral branches, 1-3 terminal flowers ………………………… M. felisbertii

16. Flowers in panicle, 4 or more lateral branches, more than 4 flowers irregularly arranged ………………………… 17

17. Ovary trilocular ………………………… M. guianensis

17. Ovary bilocular ………………………… 18

18. Calyx lobe completely fused, tearing irregularly during anthesis ………………………… 19

18. Calyx lobe free or partially fused (with apical pore), tearing regularly during anthesis ………………………… 23

19. Leaf blade oblong, 14-30 cm long ………………………… 20

19. Leaf blade ovate or elliptic, 5-12.5 cm long ………………………… 21

20. Leaves distichous; inflorescence axis tomentose with congested flowers; flowers with 2 pair of bracts ………………………… M. obversa

20. Leaves decussate; inflorescence axis glabrous with lax flowers; flowers with 1 pair of bracts ………………………… M. neoverticillaris

21. Young leaves densely pubescent; secondary veins inconspicuous in both sides, 2 marginal veins; inflorescence axis glabrous ………………………… M. neoregeliana

21. Young leaves glabrous; secondary veins conspicuous in both sides, 1 marginal vein; inflorescence axis pubescent ………………………… 22

22. Leaf blade ovate or widely elliptic, 5.8-7.5 × 4.3-5.3 cm; floral bud with sericeous indumentum on the basal portion of ovary; petals absent ………………………… M. arenaria

22. Leaf blade elliptic, 6.2-9 × 2.8-4 cm; floral bud glabrous; 1-3 petals ………………………… M. excoriata

23. Floral bud with fused calyx lobes, tearing through an apical pore ………………………… 24

23. Floral bud with free calyx lobes ………………………… 25

24. Leaf blade with apex acute; inflorescence with white indumentum; bracteoles covering the floral bud; five regular calyx lobes (size and shape) ………………………… M. neuwiedeana

24. Leaf blade with apex cuspidate; inflorescence with ferrugineous indumentum; bracteoles not covering the floral bud; 3-4 irregular calyx lobes ………………………… M. vellozoi

25. Floral bud with 4 free calyx lobes; hypanthium (also visible in fruit) tearing regularly ………………………… 26

25. Floral bud with 5 free calyx lobes; hypanthium not tearing ………………………… 27

26. Petiole 6-7 mm long, leaf blade with apex acuminate; hypanthium pubescent ………………………… M. multipunctata

26. Petiole 10-18 mm long, leaf blade with apex caudate; hypanthium velutinous ………………………… M. polygama

27. Leaves whorled (3-4 per node) ………………………… M. tetraphylla

27. Leaves opposite and distichous ………………………… 28

28. Hypanthium and fruit glabrous ………………………… 29

28. Hypanthium and fruit pubescent, puberule, sericeous or tomentose ………………………… 37

29. Leaf blade 21-26 cm long.; inflorescence with foliaceous bracts (1-2.6 cm long) ………………………… M. insularis

29. Leaf blade 2-15 cm long.; inflorescence with non-foliaceous bracts (0.4-1 cm long) ………………………… 30

30. Plants completely glabrous ………………………… 31

30. Plants puberule or tomentose ………………………… 32

31. Leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate, 1.8-4 × 1-2.2 cm, apex rounded; fruit purple ………………………… M. ramuliflora

31. Leaf blade ovate or elliptic, 4.3-7 × 2.7-4 cm, apex acuminate or caudate; fruit vinaceous ………………………… Myrcia sp.

32. Leaf blade orbicular or widely elliptic, 4.5-7 × 3.5-6 cm, strongly discolor when herborized, apex rounded, margin revolute ………………………… M. hypophaea

32. Leaf blade ovate or narrow elliptic, 2.6-14.6 × 1.4-5.2 cm, lightly discolor when herborized, apex acute, margin flat ………………………… 33

33. Petiole 4.5-10 mm long, 25-33 pairs of secondary veins; inflorescence axis tomentose, flower bud 3-3.5 mm long ………………………… M. guedesiae

33. Petiole 1-3 mm long, up to 17 pairs of secondary veins; inflorescence axis puberule, flower bud 1.5-2.5 mm long ………………………… 34

34. Leaf blade ovate; lateral branches of inflorescences congested ………………………… M. racemosa

34. Leaf blade elliptic; lateral branches of inflorescence lax ………………………… 35

35.Synflorescences of congested and bracteate panicles (Fig. 7G); bracts persistent ………………………… M. polyantha

35. Inflorescences axillary and ebracteate; bracts deciduous ………………………… 36

36. Leaf blade coriaceous, apex acute, secondary veins inconspicuous abaxially; calyx covering completely or almost completely the petaliferous globe in the floral bud, calyx lobes with apex acute ………………………… M. decorticans

36. Leaf blade chartaceous, apex acuminate, secondary veins conspicuous abaxially; calyx not covering the petaliferous globe in the floral bud, calyx lobes with apex rounded ………………………… M. multiflora

37. Plants with ferruginous indumentum; inflorescence in a corymbiform panicle ………………………… M. densa

37. Plants with white, cream or gray indumentum; inflorescence in a triangular panicle ………………………… 38

38. Leaf blade obovate, apex rounded ………………………… 39

38. Leaf blade elliptic or oblong, apex acute, acuminate, or caudate ………………………… 41

39. Plants tomentose; leaf blade chartaceous, secondary vein conspicuous, protruding abaxially; hypanthium constricted above the ovary ………………………… M. tomentosa

39. Plants puberulent to pubescent; leaf blade coriaceous, secondary vein inconspicuous in both sides; hypanthium not constricted above the ovary ………………………… 40

40. Leaves opposite and decussate, appressed; leaves, young branches, inflorescences, calyx, hypanthium, and fruits densely pubescent; calyx lobes triangular, apex acute ………………………… M. spathulifolia

40. Leaves opposite and distichous, ascending; leaves glabrous, inflorescences puberulous, hypanthium sericeous, calyx and fruits with sparse trichomes; calyx lobes ovate, apex rounded ………………………… M. littoralis

41. Leaf blade 18-26.5 cm long., base rounded, cordate or subcordate; inflorescence auxotelic, with cataphylls on the basal portion (1.3-1.8 cm long) ………………………… M. raminfinita

41. Leaf blade 1.7-10 cm long, base attenuate or obtuse; inflorescence not auxotelic, cataphylls absent ………………………… 42

42. Leaf blade smooth, apex caudate; calyx lobes erect on the fruit ………………………… M. racemosa

42. Leaf blade bullate, apex acute or shortly acuminate; calyx lobes adpressed on the fruit ………………………… M. hirtiflora

Key to the species of Myrciaria from restinga of Bahia

1. Leaves with petioles 2-3 mm long, leaf blade 3.1-3.7 × 0.8-1.2 cm, margin revolute, base cordate; calyx lobes fused in the bud ………………………… M. strigipes

1. Leaves with petioles 4-9 mm long, leaf blade 4.4-8.8 × 1.8-3.6 cm, margin flat, base cuneate or attenuate; calyx lobes free in the bud ………………………… 2

2. Leaf blade with acuminate apex; sessile flowers; bracteoles elliptic, 2-3 × 1.8-2 mm ………………………… M. glomerata

2. Leaf blade with cuspidate apex; flowers with pedicels (1-2 mm long); bracteoles ovate, 0.5-1.1 × 1-1.3 mm ………………………… 3

3. Leaf blade, bract, and bracteole glabrous ………………………… M. floribunda

3. Abaxial surface of leaf blade, bract, and bracteole puberulous ………………………… M. pilosa

Key to the species of Neomitranthes from restinga of Bahia

1. Leaf blade with apex rounded or acute, margin revolute; inflorescence in short raceme, axis 1-4 mm long, flowers pedicellate (pedicel 1-2 mm long) ………………………… N. obtusa

1. Leaf blade with apex acuminate, margin flat; inflorescence in glomerules, axis 0.1-0.9 mm long, flowers sessile ………………………… N. obscura

Key to the species of Psidium from restinga of Bahia ( Figs. 9 and 10 )

1. Leaves sessile or subsessile (petiole 0.1-3 mm long) ………………………… 2

1. Leaves petiolate (petiole 3-10 mm long) ………………………… 3

2. Leaf blade orbicular, apex rounded; bud opening by apical pore, calyx lobes tearing the staminal ring ………………………… P. amplexicaule

2. Leaf blade ovate, apex acute or acuminate; bud completely closed, with apiculum, calyx lobes not tearing the staminal ring ………………………… P. brownianum

3. Leaf blade obovate or oblanceolate; bud opening by apical pore, tearing the staminal ring during anthesis ………………………… P. cattleyanum

3. Leaf blade ovate, elliptic or obovate; bud completely closed or opening by apical pore, not tearing the staminal ring during anthesis ………………………… 4

4. Leaf blade with apex cuspidate (11-15 mm long); calyx lobes completely fused in the bud, opening irregularly or by calyptra ………………………… P. oligospermum

4. Leaf blade with apex acute or acuminate (2-7 mm long); calyx lobes partially fused in the bud, with an apical pore, tearing irregularly, never by calyptra ………………………… 5

5. Inflorescence in raceme; ovary with 3 locules, 28-33 ovules per locule; fruit subglobose, 15-20 seeds ………………………… P. bahianum

5. Inflorescence in dichasium or solitary flowers; ovary with 3-6 locules, 50-180 ovules per locule; fruit pyriform or globose, ca. 250 seeds ………………………… 6

6. Branches, leaves, inflorescence and flowers with reddish, white, or yellowish pubescent indumentum; leaf blade with 8-10 pairs of secondary veins ………………………… P. guineense

6. Branches, leaves, inflorescence and flowers glabrous or glabrescent, in this case with white indumentum; leaf blade with 10-20 pairs of secondary veins ………………………… P. guajava

Figure 5
A−B. Blepharocalyx eggersii; A: fruits with two calyx lobes; B: compound dichasium. C−D. Calycolpus legrandii; C: ripe fruits with bracteoles and calyx lobes foliaceous and persistent; D: immature fruits with bracteoles and calyx lobes foliaceous and persistent. E−F. Campomanesia dichotoma; E: dichasium with immature fruits; F: cross section of the fruit showing the glandular walls of the locules (detailed) (A-F: J.D.O. Melo).

Figure 6
A−B. Eugenia astringens; A: Flowers bud and flowers; B: immature (green to yellow) and ripe fruits (dark purple to blackish). C. E. candolleana: inflorescence in raceme. D. E. hirta: ripe fruit. E. E. lacistema: infrutescence axis with lignified bracts (detailed) and young green fruits. F. E. ligustrina: raceme auxothelic. G. E. punicifolia: ripe fruit (A, B, D, E, G. J.D.O. Melo; C, F. A. Stadnik).

Figure 7
A−B. Myrcia bergiana; A: leaves and inflorescence; B: ripe fruits. C. M. decorticans: inflorescence with immature (green and red) and ripe fruits (dark purple to blackish). D-E. M. guianensis; D: inflorescence; E: ripe fruits. F. M. hirtiflora; infrutescence with immature fruits. G. M. polyantha: branch with young red leaves and infrutescence with ripe fruit (bracteate branch detailed) (A-G: J.D.O. Melo).

Figure 8
A. Myrcia ramuliflora: inflorescence with open flowers and buds. B-C. M. salzmannii; B: branch with leaves and inflorescences with old flowers and buds; C: inflorescence with immature fruits. D. M. spathulifolia: immature fruits. E-F. M. vittoriana; E: inflorescence with flower buds; F: immature fruits. (A-F: J.D.O. Melo).

Figure 9
A−B. Psidium brownianum; A: flower buds and flower (bud completely closed, with apiculum); B: immature fruit. C−D. P. cattleyanum; C: immature fruits with staminal ring torn by the calyx lobes at anthesis; D: immature fruits. E−F. P. guajava; E: flower which the petals already fallen; F: immature fruits (A. J.D.O. Melo; B, E. A. Stadnik; C, D. T. Vasconcelos; F. L. Lucresia).

Figure 10
A−B. Psidium guineense; A: immature fruit; B: young and old flowers (the petals and the stamens already fallen). C−E. P. oligospermum; C: inflorescence with young and old flowers, and bud; D: immature fruits; E: branches with leaves and fruits (A, B, D, E. J.D.O. Melo; C. T. Vieira).

Acknowledgements

This study was funded by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001. We thank to herbaria curators, to Lukas Daneu, Paulo Lara, LEFHBio and Parque Klaus Peter management for providing support during field works, and to Luisa Lucresia for preparing the map. JM is grateful to Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - Brasil (FAPESB)-2592/2018. AS thanks FABESB-2279/2016 and NR thanks CNPq for the scholarship 307272/2019-2.

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Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  12 May 2023
• Date of issue
  2023

History

• Received
  03 Aug 2022
• Accepted
  30 Mar 2023