Distribution of the cladoceran Bosmina huaronensis Delachaux, 1918 and niche differentiation among populations from different biogeographic regions

Elmoor-Loureiro, Lourdes M. A.

Abstract

Described from a high-altitude lake in Peru, Bosmina huaronensis Delachaux, 1918 has been recorded in diverse kinds of water bodies in South and North America, suggesting that this species has high environmental tolerance and a wide niche breadth. The present study surveyed the occurrence records of B. huaronensis from 55 localities and, using multivariate analysis, investigated the niche differentiation among populations from different biogeographic regions, based on altitude and seven climatic variables. The first two principal components (PC) explained 73% of the overall variance. PC1 was related to annual mean temperature, precipitation of driest quarter, and annual precipitation. PC2 was related to temperature seasonality and precipitation of wettest quarter. The PCA diagram showed three population groups, occupying different climate niches: (1) tropical highlands; (2) Neotropical lowlands; (3) temperate zones of both hemispheres. These results point to the need for further evaluation of these populations under morphological, genetic and ecological aspects.

Anomopoda; biogeography; Bosminidae; climatic variables

References

Angelini, R.; Bini, L.M. and Starling, F.L.R.M. 2008. Efeitos de diferentes intervenções no processo de eutrofização do lago Paranoá (Brasília – DF). Oecologia Brasiliensis, 12(3): 564-571.
Batista, C.A. 2007. Comunidade zooplanctônica e qualidade da água no Lago Paranoá, Brasília-DF. Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Master's Dissertation. 101p. [Unpublished]. Available at http://www.pgecl.unb.br/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=82andItemid=35 Accessed on 28 May 2012.
Batista, T.A. and Gurgel-Gonçalves, R. 2009. Ecological niche modeling and differentiation between Rhodnius neglectus Lent, 1954 and Rhodnius nasutus Stål, 1859 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) in Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 104(8): 1165-1170.
Belyaeva, M. and Taylor, D.J. 2009. Cryptic species within the Chydorus sphaericus species complex (Crustacea: Cladocera) revealed by molecular markers and sexual stage morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 50(3): 534-546.
Cardoso, L.S. and Motta Marques, D. 2004. Structure of the zooplankton community in a subtropical shallow lake (Itapeva Lake - South of Brazil) and its relationship to hydrodynamic aspects. Hydrobiologia, 518: 123-134.
Conde, D. and Sommaruga, R. 1998. A review of the state of Limnology in Uruguay. p. 1-31. In: J. Gopal and R. Wetzel (eds). Limnology in Developing Countries II. International Society of Limnology SIL/LDC, Stuttgart.
Coronel, J.S.; Declerck, S. and Brendonck, L. 2007. High-altitude peatland temporary pools in Bolivia house a high cladoceran diversity. Wetlands, 27(4): 1166-1174.
Delachaux, T. 1919. Cladocères des Andes Péruviennes. Bulletin de la Société Neuchâteloise des Sciences Naturelles, 44: 18-38.
Di Genaro, A.C. 2010. Mudanças na comunidade zooplanctônica após remoção de macrófitas em um lago urbano (Lago das Garças, PEFI, SP). Instituto de Pesca, São Paulo, Brazil, Master's Dissertation. [Unpublished]. Available at ftp://ftp.sp.gov.br/ftppesca/DissertaArianeDiGenaro.pdf . Accessed on 14 June 2012.
Dodson, S.I.; Ryan, S.; Tollrian, R. and Lampert, W. 1997. Individual swimming behavior of Daphnia: effects of food, light and container size in four clones. Journal of Plankton Research, 19(10): 1537-1552.
Echaniz, S.A.; Vignatti, A.M. and Bunino, P.C. 2008. El zooplancton de un lago somero hipereutrófico de la región central de Argentina: cambios después de una década. Biota Neotropica, 8(4): 63-71.
Elías-Gutiérrez, M.and Valdez-Moreno, M. 2008. A new cryptic species of Leberis Smirnov, 1989 (Crustacea, Cladocera, Chydoridae) from the Mexican semi-desert region, highlighted by DNA barcoding. Hydrobiologia, 360: 63-73.
Elmoor-Loureiro, L.M.A. 2000. Brazilian cladoceran studies: where do we stand? Nauplius, 8(2): 117-131.
Elmoor-Loureiro, L.M.A. Mendonça-Galvão, L. and Padovesi-Fonseca, C. 2004. New Cladoceran records from lake Paranoá, Central Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 63: 415-422.
Escalante, A. H. 1988. Cladóceros del embalse Río Tercero (Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina). Anales del Instituto Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 15(1): 41-54.
Forasacco, E. and Fontvieille, D. 2010. Evaluation of respiration parameters in a few generations and clones of Simocephalus vetulus (Crustacea, Cladocera) under controlled conditions. Hydrobiologia, 643: 77-83.
Ghidini, A.R.; Serafim-Júnior, M.; Perbiche-Neves, G. and Brito, L. 2009. Distribution of planktonic cladocerans (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of a shallow eutrophic reservoir (Paraná State, Brazil). Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 4(3): 294-305.
Giannini, T.C.; Takahasi, A.; Medeiros, M.C.M.P.; Saraiva, A.M. and Alves-dos-Santos, I.. 2011. Ecological niche modeling and principal component analysis of Krameria Loefl. (Krameriaceae). Journal of Arid Environments, 75: 870-872.
GMS-DBD, 2012 - The Global Mirror System of DNA Barcode Data. Available at http://nz.boldmirror.net/index.php/search/ Accessed on 28 June 2012.
González-Sagrario, M.A. and Balseiro, E. 2010. The role of macroinvertebrates and fish in regulating the provision by macrophytes of refugia for zooplankton in a warm temperate shallow lake. Freshwater Biology, 55: 2153-2166.
Hammer, Ø.; Harper, D.A.T. and Ryan, P.D. 2001. PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4(1): 9pp. Available at http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm Accessed on 25 August 2011.
Hijmans, R.J.; Guarino, L.; Cruz, M. and E. Rojas. 2001. Computer tools for spatial analysis of plant genetic resources data: 1. DIVA-GIS. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter, 127: 15-19.
Hutchinson, G.E. 1957. Concluding remarks. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 22: 415-427.
Ibarra-Cerdeña, C. N.; Sánchez-Cordero, V.; Peterson, A.T. and Ramsey, J.M. 2009. Ecology of North American Triatominae. Acta Tropica, 110: 178-186.
Innes, D.J. and Singleton, D.R. 2000. Variation in allocation to sexual and asexual reproduction among clones of cyclically parthenogenetic Daphinia pulex (Crustacea: Cladocera). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 71: 771-787.
Janžekovič, F. and Novak, T. 2012. PCA for Analyze Ecological Niches. p. 127-142. In: P. Sanguansat. Principal Component Analysis - Multidisciplinary Applications. InTech Books. Available at http://www.intechopen.com/books/principal-component-analysis-multidisciplinaryapplications/pca-a-powerful-method-to-analyze-the-ecological-niche Accessed on 17 December 2012.
José de Paggi, S. 2002. New data on the distribution of Kellicottia bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908) (Rotifera: Monogononta: Brachionidae): Its presence in Argentina. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 241: 363-368.
Kamilar, J.M. and Muldoon, K.M. 2010. The climatic niche diversity of Malagasy Primates: A Phylogenetic Perspective. PLoS ONE, 5(6): e11073. DOI:10.1371/ journal.pone.0011073.
Kappes, H. and Sinsch, U. 2002. Morphological variation in Bosmina longirostris (Crustacea: Cladocera): consequence of cyclomorphosis or indication of cryptic species? Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 40(3): 113-122.
Knouft, J.H.; Losos, J.B.; Glor, R.E. and Kolbe, J.J. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of the niche in lizards of the Anolis sagrei group. Ecology 87(7, Supp.): S29-S38.
Kotov, A.A.; Ishida, S. and Taylor, D.J. 2009. Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156: 1-51.
Lehto, M.P. and Haag, C.R. 2010. Ecological differentiation between coexisting sexual and asexual strains of Daphnia pulex. Journal of Animal Ecology, 79: 1241-1250.
Mendonça-Galvão, L. 2005. A comunidade planctônica e o processo de restauração do Lago Paranoá, DF. Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Ph.D. Thesis, 251p. [Unpublished]
Michels, E. and De Meester, L. 2004. Inter-clonal variation in phototactic behaviour and key life-history traits in a metapopulation of the cyclical parthenogen Daphnia ambigua: the effect of fish kairomones. Hydrobiologia, 522: 221-233.
Menu-Marque, S.A. and Marinone, M.C. 1986. El zooplancton de seis lagos del Chubut (Argentina) y sus probables relaciones con la ictiofauna y algunos factores ambientales. COPESCAL Documento Técnico, 4: 90-114.
Morrone, J.J. 2006. Biogeographic areas and transition zones of Latin America and the Caribbean Islands based on panbiogeographic and cladistic analyses of the entomofauna. Annual Review of Entomology, 51: 467-494.
Nilssen, J.P.; Hobaek, A.; Petrusek A. and Skage, M. 2007. Restoring Daphnia lacustris G.O. Sars, 1862 (Crustacea, Anomopoda): a cryptic species in the Daphnia longispina group. Hydrobiologia, 594: 5-17.
Padovesi-Fonseca, C.; Mendonça-Galvão, L.; Pereira, D.F.; Philomeno, M.G. and Pereira, D.L. 2001. O zooplâncton do Lago Paranoá. p. 115-117. In: F.O. Fonseca (ed.). Olhares sobre o Lago Paranoá. Brasília, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos do DF.
Paggi, J.C. 1979. Revision de las especies argentinas del género Bosmina Baird agrupadas en el subgenero Neobosmina Lieder (Crustacea: Cladocera). Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 35: 137-162.
Reede, T. and Ringelberg, J. 1995. The influence of a fish exudante on two clones of the hybrid Daphnia galeata x hyaline Hydrobiologia, 307: 207-212.
Rocha, O.; Santos-Wisniewski, M.J. and Matsumura-Tundisi, T. 2011. Checklist de Cladocera de água doce do Estado de São Paulo. Biota Neotropica, 11(1a): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n1a/en/abstract?inventory+bn0271101a2011 - ISSN 1676-0603.
Schnitzler, J.; Graham, C.H.; Dormann, C.F.; Schiffers, K. and Linder, H.P. 2012. Climatic niche evolution and species diversification in the Cape flora, South Africa. Journal of Biogeography, 39: 2201-2211.
Serafim-Júnior, M.; Perbiche-Neves, G.; Brito, L. and Ghidini, A.R.. 2006. Zooplâncton do Rio Itajaí-Açú a jusante da cidade de Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Estudos de Biologia, 28(65): 41-50.
Sinev, A.Y and Elmoor-Loureiro, L.M.A. 2010. Three new species of chydorid cladocerans of subfamily Aloninae (Branchipoda: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 2390: 1-25.
Uéno, M. 1967. Zooplankton of lake Titicaca on the Bolivian side. Hydrobiologia, 29: 547-568.
Valdivia-Villar, R.S. 1988. Lista de cladóceros dulceacuícolas del Perú. Amazoniana, 10(3): 283-297.
Van Damme, K.; Sinev, A.Y. and Dumont, H.J. 2011. Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines. Zootaxa, 1960: 1-44.
Velho, L.F.M.; Lansac-Tôha, F.A. and Bonecker, C.C. 2000. New record of planktonic cladoceran to the upper Paraná River, Brazil: Bosmina huaroensis Delachaux, 1918. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 60(4): 633-636.
Waterflea, 2012. Waterflea.org database. Available at http://www.waterflea.org/waterflea.org/Database.html Accessed on 28 June 2012.
Winkler, H. and Kampichler, C. 2000. Local and regional species richness in communities of surface-dwelling grassland Collembola: indication of species saturation. Ecography, 23: 385-392.
Zanata, L.H. 2005. Distribuição das populações de Cladocera (classe Crustacea) nos reservatórios do Médio e Baixo Rio Tietê: uma análise espacial e temporal. Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos. Ph.D. Thesis, 282p. [Unpublished]. Available at http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-20022006-180205/en.php Accessed on 18 October 2012.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
27 Jan 2015
Date of issue
Dec 2013

History

Received
13 Feb 2013
Accepted
16 Sept 2013

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] Angelini, R.; Bini, L.M. and Starling, F.L.R.M. 2008. Efeitos de diferentes intervenções no processo de eutrofização do lago Paranoá (Brasília – DF). Oecologia Brasiliensis, 12(3): 564-571.

[2] Batista, C.A. 2007. Comunidade zooplanctônica e qualidade da água no Lago Paranoá, Brasília-DF. Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Master's Dissertation. 101p. [Unpublished]. Available at http://www.pgecl.unb.br/index.php?option=com_contentandview=articleandid=82andItemid=35 Accessed on 28 May 2012.

[3] Batista, T.A. and Gurgel-Gonçalves, R. 2009. Ecological niche modeling and differentiation between Rhodnius neglectus Lent, 1954 and Rhodnius nasutus Stål, 1859 (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) in Brazil. Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 104(8): 1165-1170.

[4] Belyaeva, M. and Taylor, D.J. 2009. Cryptic species within the Chydorus sphaericus species complex (Crustacea: Cladocera) revealed by molecular markers and sexual stage morphology. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 50(3): 534-546.

[5] Cardoso, L.S. and Motta Marques, D. 2004. Structure of the zooplankton community in a subtropical shallow lake (Itapeva Lake - South of Brazil) and its relationship to hydrodynamic aspects. Hydrobiologia, 518: 123-134.

[6] Conde, D. and Sommaruga, R. 1998. A review of the state of Limnology in Uruguay. p. 1-31. In: J. Gopal and R. Wetzel (eds). Limnology in Developing Countries II. International Society of Limnology SIL/LDC, Stuttgart.

[7] Coronel, J.S.; Declerck, S. and Brendonck, L. 2007. High-altitude peatland temporary pools in Bolivia house a high cladoceran diversity. Wetlands, 27(4): 1166-1174.

[8] Delachaux, T. 1919. Cladocères des Andes Péruviennes. Bulletin de la Société Neuchâteloise des Sciences Naturelles, 44: 18-38.

[9] Di Genaro, A.C. 2010. Mudanças na comunidade zooplanctônica após remoção de macrófitas em um lago urbano (Lago das Garças, PEFI, SP). Instituto de Pesca, São Paulo, Brazil, Master's Dissertation. [Unpublished]. Available at ftp://ftp.sp.gov.br/ftppesca/DissertaArianeDiGenaro.pdf . Accessed on 14 June 2012.

[10] Dodson, S.I.; Ryan, S.; Tollrian, R. and Lampert, W. 1997. Individual swimming behavior of Daphnia: effects of food, light and container size in four clones. Journal of Plankton Research, 19(10): 1537-1552.

[11] Echaniz, S.A.; Vignatti, A.M. and Bunino, P.C. 2008. El zooplancton de un lago somero hipereutrófico de la región central de Argentina: cambios después de una década. Biota Neotropica, 8(4): 63-71.

[12] Elías-Gutiérrez, M.and Valdez-Moreno, M. 2008. A new cryptic species of Leberis Smirnov, 1989 (Crustacea, Cladocera, Chydoridae) from the Mexican semi-desert region, highlighted by DNA barcoding. Hydrobiologia, 360: 63-73.

[13] Elmoor-Loureiro, L.M.A. 2000. Brazilian cladoceran studies: where do we stand? Nauplius, 8(2): 117-131.

[14] Elmoor-Loureiro, L.M.A. Mendonça-Galvão, L. and Padovesi-Fonseca, C. 2004. New Cladoceran records from lake Paranoá, Central Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 63: 415-422.

[15] Escalante, A. H. 1988. Cladóceros del embalse Río Tercero (Provincia de Córdoba, Argentina). Anales del Instituto Ciencias del Mar y Limnologia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 15(1): 41-54.

[16] Forasacco, E. and Fontvieille, D. 2010. Evaluation of respiration parameters in a few generations and clones of Simocephalus vetulus (Crustacea, Cladocera) under controlled conditions. Hydrobiologia, 643: 77-83.

[17] Ghidini, A.R.; Serafim-Júnior, M.; Perbiche-Neves, G. and Brito, L. 2009. Distribution of planktonic cladocerans (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of a shallow eutrophic reservoir (Paraná State, Brazil). Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 4(3): 294-305.

[18] Giannini, T.C.; Takahasi, A.; Medeiros, M.C.M.P.; Saraiva, A.M. and Alves-dos-Santos, I.. 2011. Ecological niche modeling and principal component analysis of Krameria Loefl. (Krameriaceae). Journal of Arid Environments, 75: 870-872.

[19] GMS-DBD, 2012 - The Global Mirror System of DNA Barcode Data. Available at http://nz.boldmirror.net/index.php/search/ Accessed on 28 June 2012.

[20] González-Sagrario, M.A. and Balseiro, E. 2010. The role of macroinvertebrates and fish in regulating the provision by macrophytes of refugia for zooplankton in a warm temperate shallow lake. Freshwater Biology, 55: 2153-2166.

[21] Hammer, Ø.; Harper, D.A.T. and Ryan, P.D. 2001. PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica, 4(1): 9pp. Available at http://palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/issue1_01.htm Accessed on 25 August 2011.

[22] Hijmans, R.J.; Guarino, L.; Cruz, M. and E. Rojas. 2001. Computer tools for spatial analysis of plant genetic resources data: 1. DIVA-GIS. Plant Genetic Resources Newsletter, 127: 15-19.

[23] Hutchinson, G.E. 1957. Concluding remarks. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 22: 415-427.

[24] Ibarra-Cerdeña, C. N.; Sánchez-Cordero, V.; Peterson, A.T. and Ramsey, J.M. 2009. Ecology of North American Triatominae. Acta Tropica, 110: 178-186.

[25] Innes, D.J. and Singleton, D.R. 2000. Variation in allocation to sexual and asexual reproduction among clones of cyclically parthenogenetic Daphinia pulex (Crustacea: Cladocera). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 71: 771-787.

[26] Janžekovič, F. and Novak, T. 2012. PCA for Analyze Ecological Niches. p. 127-142. In: P. Sanguansat. Principal Component Analysis - Multidisciplinary Applications. InTech Books. Available at http://www.intechopen.com/books/principal-component-analysis-multidisciplinaryapplications/pca-a-powerful-method-to-analyze-the-ecological-niche Accessed on 17 December 2012.

[27] José de Paggi, S. 2002. New data on the distribution of Kellicottia bostoniensis (Rousselet, 1908) (Rotifera: Monogononta: Brachionidae): Its presence in Argentina. Zoologischer Anzeiger, 241: 363-368.

[28] Kamilar, J.M. and Muldoon, K.M. 2010. The climatic niche diversity of Malagasy Primates: A Phylogenetic Perspective. PLoS ONE, 5(6): e11073. DOI:10.1371/ journal.pone.0011073.

[29] Kappes, H. and Sinsch, U. 2002. Morphological variation in Bosmina longirostris (Crustacea: Cladocera): consequence of cyclomorphosis or indication of cryptic species? Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 40(3): 113-122.

[30] Knouft, J.H.; Losos, J.B.; Glor, R.E. and Kolbe, J.J. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis of the evolution of the niche in lizards of the Anolis sagrei group. Ecology 87(7, Supp.): S29-S38.

[31] Kotov, A.A.; Ishida, S. and Taylor, D.J. 2009. Revision of the genus Bosmina Baird, 1845 (Cladocera: Bosminidae), based on evidence from male morphological characters and molecular phylogenies. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 156: 1-51.

[32] Lehto, M.P. and Haag, C.R. 2010. Ecological differentiation between coexisting sexual and asexual strains of Daphnia pulex. Journal of Animal Ecology, 79: 1241-1250.

[33] Mendonça-Galvão, L. 2005. A comunidade planctônica e o processo de restauração do Lago Paranoá, DF. Universidade de Brasília, Brasilia, Ph.D. Thesis, 251p. [Unpublished]

[34] Michels, E. and De Meester, L. 2004. Inter-clonal variation in phototactic behaviour and key life-history traits in a metapopulation of the cyclical parthenogen Daphnia ambigua: the effect of fish kairomones. Hydrobiologia, 522: 221-233.

[35] Menu-Marque, S.A. and Marinone, M.C. 1986. El zooplancton de seis lagos del Chubut (Argentina) y sus probables relaciones con la ictiofauna y algunos factores ambientales. COPESCAL Documento Técnico, 4: 90-114.

[36] Morrone, J.J. 2006. Biogeographic areas and transition zones of Latin America and the Caribbean Islands based on panbiogeographic and cladistic analyses of the entomofauna. Annual Review of Entomology, 51: 467-494.

[37] Nilssen, J.P.; Hobaek, A.; Petrusek A. and Skage, M. 2007. Restoring Daphnia lacustris G.O. Sars, 1862 (Crustacea, Anomopoda): a cryptic species in the Daphnia longispina group. Hydrobiologia, 594: 5-17.

[38] Padovesi-Fonseca, C.; Mendonça-Galvão, L.; Pereira, D.F.; Philomeno, M.G. and Pereira, D.L. 2001. O zooplâncton do Lago Paranoá. p. 115-117. In: F.O. Fonseca (ed.). Olhares sobre o Lago Paranoá. Brasília, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos do DF.

[39] Paggi, J.C. 1979. Revision de las especies argentinas del género Bosmina Baird agrupadas en el subgenero Neobosmina Lieder (Crustacea: Cladocera). Acta Zoologica Lilloana, 35: 137-162.

[40] Reede, T. and Ringelberg, J. 1995. The influence of a fish exudante on two clones of the hybrid Daphnia galeata x hyaline Hydrobiologia, 307: 207-212.

[41] Rocha, O.; Santos-Wisniewski, M.J. and Matsumura-Tundisi, T. 2011. Checklist de Cladocera de água doce do Estado de São Paulo. Biota Neotropica, 11(1a): http://www.biotaneotropica.org.br/v11n1a/en/abstract?inventory+bn0271101a2011 - ISSN 1676-0603.

[42] Schnitzler, J.; Graham, C.H.; Dormann, C.F.; Schiffers, K. and Linder, H.P. 2012. Climatic niche evolution and species diversification in the Cape flora, South Africa. Journal of Biogeography, 39: 2201-2211.

[43] Serafim-Júnior, M.; Perbiche-Neves, G.; Brito, L. and Ghidini, A.R.. 2006. Zooplâncton do Rio Itajaí-Açú a jusante da cidade de Blumenau, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Estudos de Biologia, 28(65): 41-50.

[44] Sinev, A.Y and Elmoor-Loureiro, L.M.A. 2010. Three new species of chydorid cladocerans of subfamily Aloninae (Branchipoda: Anomopoda: Chydoridae) from Brazil. Zootaxa, 2390: 1-25.

[45] Uéno, M. 1967. Zooplankton of lake Titicaca on the Bolivian side. Hydrobiologia, 29: 547-568.

[46] Valdivia-Villar, R.S. 1988. Lista de cladóceros dulceacuícolas del Perú. Amazoniana, 10(3): 283-297.

[47] Van Damme, K.; Sinev, A.Y. and Dumont, H.J. 2011. Separation of Anthalona gen.n. from Alona Baird, 1843 (Branchiopoda: Cladocera: Anomopoda): morphology and evolution of scraping stenothermic alonines. Zootaxa, 1960: 1-44.

[48] Velho, L.F.M.; Lansac-Tôha, F.A. and Bonecker, C.C. 2000. New record of planktonic cladoceran to the upper Paraná River, Brazil: Bosmina huaroensis Delachaux, 1918. Revista Brasileira de Biologia, 60(4): 633-636.

[49] Waterflea, 2012. Waterflea.org database. Available at http://www.waterflea.org/waterflea.org/Database.html Accessed on 28 June 2012.

[50] Winkler, H. and Kampichler, C. 2000. Local and regional species richness in communities of surface-dwelling grassland Collembola: indication of species saturation. Ecography, 23: 385-392.

[51] Zanata, L.H. 2005. Distribuição das populações de Cladocera (classe Crustacea) nos reservatórios do Médio e Baixo Rio Tietê: uma análise espacial e temporal. Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos. Ph.D. Thesis, 282p. [Unpublished]. Available at http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-20022006-180205/en.php Accessed on 18 October 2012.