A theoretical and empirical framework for constructing culture-specific stigma instruments for Chile

Uma estrutura teórica e empírica para a construção de instrumentos de estigma específicos para a cultura chilena

Abstracts

Different cultural contexts contribute to substantial variation in the stigma faced by people with psychosis globally. We propose a new formulation of how culture affects stigma to create psychometrically-validated tools to assess stigma's culture-specific effects. We propose to construct culture-specific stigma measures for the Chilean context via: 1) open-ended administration of 'universal' stigma scales to a sample of individuals with psychosis, relatives, and community respondents; 2) qualitative analyses to identify how culture shapes stigma and to derive initial 'culture-specific' stigma items; 3) construction and pilot-testing of final 'culture-specific' stigma measures; 4) initial psychometric validation among a sample of individuals with psychosis. We identify initial hypotheses for how stigma might threaten the capacities to participate in fundamental activities that 'matter most' in the Chilean context. These include mental illness stigma threatening the man's ability to protect the honor of the family, and the woman's ability to be a 'holy and pure' mother. Mental illness stigma may further endanger the ability of the family to uphold reciprocal obligations within their social network. Developing such measures promises to aid efforts to address culture-specific forms of stigma, and to facilitate implementation of community mental health services, in Chile and other Latin American contexts.

social stigma; culture; mental health; Latin America

Diferentes contextos culturais contribuem para a variação substancial do estigma enfrentado por pessoas com psicose globalmente. Nós propomos uma nova formulação de como a cultura afeta o estigma para criar instrumentos validados psicometricamente a fim de avaliar os efeitos específicos do estigma cultural. Propomos a construção de medidas específicas de estigma cultural no contexto chileno através de: 1) administração aberta de escalas "universais" de estigma em uma amostra de indivíduos com psicose, parentes e entrevistados da comunidade; 2) análise qualitativa para identificar as formas de estigma cultural e extrair itens específicos de stigma cultaral; 3) construção e testes-piloto de medidas finais específicos de estigma cultural; 4) validação psicométrica inicial entre uma amostra de indivíduos com psicose. Identificamos hipóteses iniciais de como o estigma pode ameaçar as capacidades de participar em atividades fundamentais mais importantes no contexto chileno. Estes incluem o estigma de a doença mental ameaçar a capacidade do homem para proteger a honra da família, e da capacidade da mulher para ser uma "santa e pura" mãe. O estigma da doença mental pode comprometer ainda mais a capacidade da família para sustentar as obrigações recíprocas dentro de sua rede social. Desenvolvimento de tais medidas promete ajudar os esforços para abordar formas específicas de estigma cultural, e para facilitar a implementação de serviços comunitários de saúde mental, no Chile e em outros contextos latino-americanos.

estigma social; cultura; saúde mental; América Latina

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Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  26 Aug 2013
• Date of issue
  Mar 2013

History

• Received
  10 Dec 2012
• Accepted
  27 Jan 2013