Abstracts
A total of 81 Tyraniidae birds were examined, 80 Pitangus
sulphuratus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Great kiscadee),
and one Machetornis rixosa (Vieilot, 1819)
(Cattle tyrant), for collection of nasal mites, which were identified
as Ptilonyssus spinosus (Brooks & Strandtmann, 1960BROOKS, DL. and STRANDTMANN, RW., 1960. The Nasal Mites
(Acarina) of Some West Texas Flycatchers (Tyrannidae).
Journal of Parasitology, vol. 46, p. 418-432. PMid: 13804776.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3275132.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3275132...
) and Sternostoma
longisetosae (Hyland,
1961HYLAND, KE., 1961. Sternostoma longisetosa, a new species of nasal
mite from the eastern kingbird with notes on the occurrence of Tyranninyssus
spinosus Brooks and Strandtmann in southern Michigan (Acarina:
Rhinonyssidae). Acarologia, vol. 3, p. 279-284.) (Rhinonyssidae). This finding characterises the
first report of P. spinosus and S.
longisetosae in P. sulphuratus, and the first
record of P. spinosus in M. rixosa, and expands the geographic
distribution of these species. It is the first occurrence of S.
longisetosae in the Neotropics, and the first citation of
P. spinosus in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Pitangus sulphuratus ; Machetornis rixosa ; Rhinonyssidae
Foram examinadas 81 aves Tyraniidae, 80 Pitangus
sulphuratus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Bem-te-vi) e um
Machetornis rixosa (Vieilot, 1819)
(Suiriri-cavaleiro) para coleta de ácaros nasais, os quais foram
identificados como Ptilonyssus spinosus (Brooks & Strandtmann, 1960BROOKS, DL. and STRANDTMANN, RW., 1960. The Nasal Mites
(Acarina) of Some West Texas Flycatchers (Tyrannidae).
Journal of Parasitology, vol. 46, p. 418-432. PMid: 13804776.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3275132.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3275132...
) e
Sternostoma longisetosae (Hyland, 1961HYLAND, KE., 1961. Sternostoma longisetosa, a new species of nasal
mite from the eastern kingbird with notes on the occurrence of Tyranninyssus
spinosus Brooks and Strandtmann in southern Michigan (Acarina:
Rhinonyssidae). Acarologia, vol. 3, p. 279-284.) (Rhinonyssidae). Este achado
caracteriza o primeiro relato de P. spinosus e S.
longisetosae em P. sulphuratus e o primeiro
registro de P. spinosus em M. rixosa, e amplia
a distribuição geográfica destas espécies, sendo a primeira
ocorrência de S. longisetosae na região neotropical e
primeira citação de P. spinosus no Rio Grande do Sul,
Brasil.
Pitangus sulphuratus ; Machetornis rixosa ; Rhinonyssidae
1. Introduction
Pitangus sulphuratus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Great kiscadee) is endemic in the American continent. It is distributed from the United States (Texas) to Argentina, occurring throughout the Brazilian territory (Sick, 1997). Machetornis rixosa (Vieilot, 1819) (Cattle tyrant) occurs in Venezuela, Bolívia, Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay, and in Brazil from the state of Maranhão to the state of Rio Grande do Sul (Mendes et al., 2000).
In Brazil, studies with nasal mites underwent great advances between the
1940s and 1970s, with works performed by De Castro
(1948)CASTRO, MP., 1948. Reestruturação genérica de
família Rhinonyssidae Vitzthum, 1935 (Acari: Mesostigmata:
Gamasides) e descrição de algumas espécies novas. Arquivos
do Instituto Biologico, vol. 18, p. 253-284., Pereira and De Castro
(1949)PEREIRA, C. and DE CASTRO, MP., 1949. Revisão da
subfamília Ptilonyssinae Castro, 1948 (Acari: Mesostigmata:
Rhinonyssidae) com a descrição de algumas espécies novas.
Arquivos do Instituto Biologico, vol. 19, p. 218-235., Amaral
(1968)AMARAL, V., 1968. Notas sobre ácaros nasais com a
descrição de duas novas espécies: Ptilonyssus zeferinoi n. sp. e
Sternostoma clementei n. sp. (Acarina: Rhinonyssidae). Lista das
espécies descritas no Brasil e seus hospedeiros. Arquivos do Instituto
Biologico, vol. 35, p. 107-126. and Amaral and Rebouças (1974). They
described new species of nasal mites parasitising several species of birds. In the
state of Rio Grande do Sul, Paulsen (2006), Sinkoc (2006) and
Mascarenhas et al. (2009)MASCARENHAS, CS., BRUM, JG., COIMBRA, MAA. and SINKOC, AL., 2009.
Novos Hospedeiros para o Ácaro Nasal Rhinonyssus rhinolethrum
(Trouessart) (Gamasida: Rhinonyssidae) no Brasil.
Neotropical Entomology, vol. 38, no. 5, p. 695-696. PMid:19943024.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2009000500024
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2009...
described the occurrence of Rhinonyssus rhinolethrum
(Trouessart, 1895) in Netta peposaca (Vieillot,
1816); Dendrocygna viduata (Linnaeus, 1766) and
Dendrocygna bicolor (Viellot, 1816);
Callonetta leucophrys (Vieillot, 1816) and
Cygnus melanocoryphus (Molina, 1782), respectively.
Coimbra (2007) reported the parasitism in Columbina picui
(Temminck, 1813) by Mesonyssus sp., Avancini
(2009) reported the parasitism by Rhinonyssus sp. in
Vanellus chilensis (Molina, 1782), and Mascarenhas et al. (2011)MASCARENHAS, CS., COIMBRA, MAA., MÜLLER, G. and BRUM, JGW.,
2011. Nasal Mites (Gamasida: Rhinonyssidae) of Paroaria coronata
(Miller) (Passeriformes: Emberezidae). Neotropical
Entomology, vol. 40, no. 4, p. 507-508. PMid: 21952970.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2011000400016.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2011...
reported
Ptilonyssus sairae (Castro, 1948CASTRO, MP., 1948. Reestruturação genérica de
família Rhinonyssidae Vitzthum, 1935 (Acari: Mesostigmata:
Gamasides) e descrição de algumas espécies novas. Arquivos
do Instituto Biologico, vol. 18, p. 253-284.) and Sternostoma pirangae
(Pence, 1976) in Paroaria coronata (Miller,
1776). In this context, this study aims to contribute to the knowledge of nasal
mites of Brazilian birds.
2. Material and Methods
Tyrannidae birds, a total of 81, being 80 Pitangus sulphuratus and one Machetornis rixosa, from these 59 P. sulphuratus were sent by the Núcleo de Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestres e Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres da Universidade Federal de Pelotas (NURFS-CETAS/UFPEL), where the birds died; the others were found dead from having been run over. The birds were from the municipality of Pelotas and neighbouring municipalities which are located between the geographic coordinates 31°00′58.44″S, 52°03′13.34″W and 33°32′06.45″S, 53°21′08.98″W.
The collection of nasal mites was performed by adaptation of the technique
of Fain (1957), cited by Amaral and Rebouças (1974), the
specimens were cleared with lactophenol, mounted between slide and coverslip in
Hoyer's medium and examined under an optical microscope. Identification was
performed according to Systematic Keys of Pence (1975) and Knee and Proctor (2010)KNEE, W. and PROCTOR, H., 2010. Interactive HTML-based Dichotomous
Key to Female Rhinonyssidae (Mesostigmata) from Birds in Canada.
Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, no. 9., and the
original species descriptions made by Brooks and
Strandtmann (1960)BROOKS, DL. and STRANDTMANN, RW., 1960. The Nasal Mites
(Acarina) of Some West Texas Flycatchers (Tyrannidae).
Journal of Parasitology, vol. 46, p. 418-432. PMid: 13804776.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3275132.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3275132...
and Hyland
(1961)HYLAND, KE., 1961. Sternostoma longisetosa, a new species of nasal
mite from the eastern kingbird with notes on the occurrence of Tyranninyssus
spinosus Brooks and Strandtmann in southern Michigan (Acarina:
Rhinonyssidae). Acarologia, vol. 3, p. 279-284.. Parameters of prevalence, mean abundance and mean
intensity were estimated according to Bush et al.
(1997)BUSH, AO., LAFFERTY, KD., LOTZ, JM. and SHOSTAK, AW., 1997.
Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. Revisited. Journal
of Parasitology, vol. 83, no. 4, p. 575-583., as well as the sex ratio between males and females.
3. Results
The nasal mites were listed in the arthropod collection of the Laboratory of Wild Animals Parasitology, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Biology Institute, Federal University of Pelotas, with the numbering from 417 to 443.
Of the 80 P. sulphuratus examined, ten were parasitised
by Ptilonyssus spinosus (Brooks & Strandtmann, 1960BROOKS, DL. and STRANDTMANN, RW., 1960. The Nasal Mites
(Acarina) of Some West Texas Flycatchers (Tyrannidae).
Journal of Parasitology, vol. 46, p. 418-432. PMid: 13804776.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3275132.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3275132...
), four by Sternostoma
longisetosae (Hyland,
1961HYLAND, KE., 1961. Sternostoma longisetosa, a new species of nasal
mite from the eastern kingbird with notes on the occurrence of Tyranninyssus
spinosus Brooks and Strandtmann in southern Michigan (Acarina:
Rhinonyssidae). Acarologia, vol. 3, p. 279-284.). Ptilonyssus spinosus has showed a prevalence of
12.5%, mean abundance of 1.1, mean intensity of 8.8, and sex ratio a male for
4.17 females. S. longisetosae has showed prevalence of 5%,
mean abundance of 0.12, and mean intensity of 2.5. All specimens collected were
females.
Machetornis rixosa showed parasitism by two female of P. spinosus.
4. Discussion
This mite Ptilonyssus spinosus has been reported parasitising Tyrannidae birds in Cuba and in North America (Cerný and Dusbábek, 1970, Pence 1975), and in Brazil, Amaral (1963)AMARAL, V., 1963. Notas sobre ácaros nasais com a descrição de uma nova espécie (Acarina: Rhinonyssidae Vitz, 1935). Arquivos do Instituto Biologico, vol. 30, p. 103-108. reported this species parasitising Tyrannus melancholicus melancholicus (Vieillot, 1819) in the state of Paraná.
Knee and Proctor (2010)KNEE, W. and PROCTOR, H., 2010. Interactive HTML-based Dichotomous Key to Female Rhinonyssidae (Mesostigmata) from Birds in Canada. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, no. 9. listed the occurrence of S. longisetosae in North American (Canada) tyrannids.
In the one bird, P. sulphuratus, there was a parasitic
association between the two species, S. longisetosae and P.
spinosus. Parasitic association between nasal mites is rarely cited.
Pence (1973)PENCE, DB., 1973. The nasal mites of birds from Louisiana: IX
Sinopsis. The Journal of Parasitology, vol. 59, no. 5, p. 881-892.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3278429.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3278429...
reported the
finding of multiple species in one host, but he neither indicated which species of
mites were involved nor the hosts.
Spicer (1987)SPICER, GS., 1987. Prevalence and host-parasite list of some nasal
mites from birds (Acarina, Rhinonyssidae, Speleognathidae). Journal of
Parasitology, vol. 73, no. 2, p. 259-264. PMid: 3585621.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3282076.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3282076...
, in
Mexico, has examined 103 birds from several families: four specimens belonged to
Tyrannidae, and only one individual of the genus Empidonax
(Cabanis, 1855) showed parasitic association between the mites
Ptilonyssus tyrannus (Brooks and Strandtmann, 1960BROOKS, DL. and STRANDTMANN, RW., 1960. The Nasal Mites
(Acarina) of Some West Texas Flycatchers (Tyrannidae).
Journal of Parasitology, vol. 46, p. 418-432. PMid: 13804776.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3275132.
http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3275132...
) and Sternostoma
pencei (Spicer, 1984), concluding that parasitic association
occurs sporadically.
Pitangus sulphuratus is a new host for the mites P. spinosus and S. longisetosae, as well as M. rixosa appear as a new host for the nasal mite P. spinosus. This report extends the geographic distribution of these species, being the first occurrence of S. longestosae in the Neotropics, and the first citation of P. spinosus in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. This is also the first report of parasitic association between P. spinosus and S. longisetosae.
Acknowledgements - We thank the Núcleo de Reabilitação da Fauna Silvestres e Centro de Triagem de Animais Silvestres da Universidade Federal de Pelotas for donating the animals, and CAPES and CNPq for financial support.
References
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- AMARAL, V., 1968. Notas sobre ácaros nasais com a descrição de duas novas espécies: Ptilonyssus zeferinoi n. sp. e Sternostoma clementei n. sp. (Acarina: Rhinonyssidae). Lista das espécies descritas no Brasil e seus hospedeiros. Arquivos do Instituto Biologico, vol. 35, p. 107-126.
- AMARAL, V. and REBOUÇAS, MM.,1974. Notas sobre ácaros rinonissídeos de aves brasileiras (Mesostigmata - Rhinonyssidae). O Biológico, vol. XL, p. 52-56.
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» http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3275132 - BUSH, AO., LAFFERTY, KD., LOTZ, JM. and SHOSTAK, AW., 1997. Parasitology meets ecology on its own terms: Margolis et al. Revisited. Journal of Parasitology, vol. 83, no. 4, p. 575-583.
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- KNEE, W. and PROCTOR, H., 2010. Interactive HTML-based Dichotomous Key to Female Rhinonyssidae (Mesostigmata) from Birds in Canada. Canadian Journal of Arthropod Identification, no. 9.
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» http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2009000500024 - MASCARENHAS, CS., COIMBRA, MAA., MÜLLER, G. and BRUM, JGW., 2011. Nasal Mites (Gamasida: Rhinonyssidae) of Paroaria coronata (Miller) (Passeriformes: Emberezidae). Neotropical Entomology, vol. 40, no. 4, p. 507-508. PMid: 21952970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1519-566X2011000400016.
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» http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3278429 - PENCE, DB.,1975. Keys, species and host list, and bibliography for nasal mites of North american birds (Acarina: Rhinonyssinae, Turbinoptinae, Speleognathinae, and Cytiditidae). Texas: Texas Tech University Press. 148 p. Special Publications, no. 8.
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- SICK, H.,1997. Ornitologia brasileira. Rio de Janeiro: Nova Fronteira.
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» http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3282076
Publication Dates
-
Publication in this collection
May 2014
History
-
Received
16 July 2012 -
Accepted
26 Mar 2013