Is depression associated with periodontal status in elderly?

Viana, Leonel Ramonnd Ferreira; Castro, Consuelo Penha; Pereira, Hellen-Bry Wanderley; Pereira, Adriana de Fátima Vasconcelos; Lopes, Fernanda Ferreira

Abstract

AIM: To examine whether the depression is associated with periodontitis in elderly and to evaluate oral hygiene of these patients. METHODS: One hundred and ninety one individuals aged 60 years or more were randomly selected. Periodontal examination was performed in full mouth by probing depth and clinical attachment loss in 6 sites for each tooth. The Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) per individual was also obtained. Depression was assessed by the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) to show how the elderly have been feeling during the last week. RESULTS: Only SOHI was statistically significant (t = 4.7169, p<0.001), which better explains the variance in periodontal status. The variable GDS-15 revealed no significant values (t=0.3901, p=0.6971). CONCLUSIONS: There was no association between periodontitis and depression in elderly, but there was association between periodontitis and oral hygiene.

depression; periodontitis; oral hygiene; elderly

¹
Oliveira MC, Schoffen JPF. Oxidative Stress Action in Cellular Aging. Braz Arch Biol Technol. 2010; 53: 1333-42.
²
WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data. Integrating poverty and gender into health programmes: a sourcebook for health professionals: module on ageing. Geneva: WHO; 2006.
³
Persson GR, Persson RE, MacEntee CI, Wyatt CC, Hollender LG, Kiyak HA. Periodontitis and perceived risk for periodontitis in elders with evidence of depression. J Clin Periodontol. 2003; 30: 691-6.
⁴
Goyal S, Jajoo S, Nagappa G, Rao G. Estimation of relationship between psychosocial stress and periodontal status using serum cortisol level: a clinico-biochemical study. Indian J Dent Res. 2011; 22: 6-9.
⁵
Peruzzo DC, Benatti BB, Ambrosano GM, Nogueira-Filho GR, Sallum EA, Casati MZ et al. A Systematic Review of Stress and Psychological Factors as Possible Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease. J Periodontol. 2007; 78: 1491-1504.
⁶
Wimmer G, Janda M, Wieselmann-Penkner K, Jakse N, Polansky R, Pertl C. Coping with stress: its influence on periodontal disease. J Periodontol. 2002; 73: 1343-51.
⁷
Bartolomucci A. Social stress, immune functions and disease in rodents. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2007; 28: 28-49.
⁸
Ogawa H, Yoshihara A, Amarasena N, Hirotomi T, Miyazaki H. Risk factors for periodontal disease progression among elderly people. J Clin Periodontol. 2002; 29: 592-7.
⁹
Sousa RL, Medeiros JGM, Moura ACL, Souza CLM, Moreira IF. Validity and reliability of the Geriatric Depression Scale for the identification of depressed patients in a general hospital. J Bras Psiquiatr. 2007; 56: 1027.
¹⁰
Borges-Yánez AS, Irigoyen-Camacho ME, Maupomé G. Risk factors and prevalence of periodontitis in community-dwelling elders in Mexico. J Clin Periodontol. 2006; 33: 184-94.
¹¹
Albandar, JM, Rams TE. Global epidemiology of periodontal diseases: an overview. Periodontol 2000. 2002; 29: 7-10.
¹²
Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol. 1999; 4: 1-6.
¹³
Tonguç MÖ, Öztürk O,Sütçü R, Ceyhan BM, Kýlýnç G, Sónmez Y, Yetkin Ay Z et al. The impact of smoking status on antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde levels in chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2011 82: 1320-8.
¹⁴
Hilgert JB, Hugo FN, Bandeira DR, Bozzetti MC. Stress, cortisol, and periodontitis in a population elderly 50 years and over. J Dent Res. 2006; 85: 324-8.
¹⁵
Heitz-Mayfield LJ, Schätzle M, Löe H, Bürgin W, Anerud A, Boysen H, Lang NP. Clinical course of chronic periodontitis. II. Incidence, characteristics and time of occurrence of the initial periodontal lesion. J Clin Periodontol. 2003; 30: 902-8.
¹⁶
D'Aiuto F, Nibali L, Parkar M, Patel K, Suvan J, Donos N. Oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and severe periodontitis.J Dent Res. 2010; 89: 1241-6.
¹⁷
Croucher R, Marcenes WS, Torres MC, Hughes F, Sheiham A. The relationship between life events and periodontitis. A case control study. J Clin Periodontol. 1997; 24: 39-43.
¹⁸
Ramachandra SS, Mehta DS, Sandesh N, Baliga V, Amarnath J. Periodontal probing systems: a review of available equipment. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2011; 32: 71-77.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
04 June 2013
Date of issue
Mar 2013

History

Received
24 Nov 2012
Accepted
04 Mar 2013

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ¹
Oliveira MC, Schoffen JPF. Oxidative Stress Action in Cellular Aging. Braz Arch Biol Technol. 2010; 53: 1333-42.

[2] ²
WHO Library Cataloguing in Publication Data. Integrating poverty and gender into health programmes: a sourcebook for health professionals: module on ageing. Geneva: WHO; 2006.

[3] ³
Persson GR, Persson RE, MacEntee CI, Wyatt CC, Hollender LG, Kiyak HA. Periodontitis and perceived risk for periodontitis in elders with evidence of depression. J Clin Periodontol. 2003; 30: 691-6.

[4] ⁴
Goyal S, Jajoo S, Nagappa G, Rao G. Estimation of relationship between psychosocial stress and periodontal status using serum cortisol level: a clinico-biochemical study. Indian J Dent Res. 2011; 22: 6-9.

[5] ⁵
Peruzzo DC, Benatti BB, Ambrosano GM, Nogueira-Filho GR, Sallum EA, Casati MZ et al. A Systematic Review of Stress and Psychological Factors as Possible Risk Factors for Periodontal Disease. J Periodontol. 2007; 78: 1491-1504.

[6] ⁶
Wimmer G, Janda M, Wieselmann-Penkner K, Jakse N, Polansky R, Pertl C. Coping with stress: its influence on periodontal disease. J Periodontol. 2002; 73: 1343-51.

[7] ⁷
Bartolomucci A. Social stress, immune functions and disease in rodents. Front Neuroendocrinol. 2007; 28: 28-49.

[8] ⁸
Ogawa H, Yoshihara A, Amarasena N, Hirotomi T, Miyazaki H. Risk factors for periodontal disease progression among elderly people. J Clin Periodontol. 2002; 29: 592-7.

[9] ⁹
Sousa RL, Medeiros JGM, Moura ACL, Souza CLM, Moreira IF. Validity and reliability of the Geriatric Depression Scale for the identification of depressed patients in a general hospital. J Bras Psiquiatr. 2007; 56: 1027.

[10] ¹⁰
Borges-Yánez AS, Irigoyen-Camacho ME, Maupomé G. Risk factors and prevalence of periodontitis in community-dwelling elders in Mexico. J Clin Periodontol. 2006; 33: 184-94.

[11] ¹¹
Albandar, JM, Rams TE. Global epidemiology of periodontal diseases: an overview. Periodontol 2000. 2002; 29: 7-10.

[12] ¹²
Armitage GC. Development of a classification system for periodontal diseases and conditions. Ann Periodontol. 1999; 4: 1-6.

[13] ¹³
Tonguç MÖ, Öztürk O,Sütçü R, Ceyhan BM, Kýlýnç G, Sónmez Y, Yetkin Ay Z et al. The impact of smoking status on antioxidant enzyme activity and malondialdehyde levels in chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol. 2011 82: 1320-8.

[14] ¹⁴
Hilgert JB, Hugo FN, Bandeira DR, Bozzetti MC. Stress, cortisol, and periodontitis in a population elderly 50 years and over. J Dent Res. 2006; 85: 324-8.

[15] ¹⁵
Heitz-Mayfield LJ, Schätzle M, Löe H, Bürgin W, Anerud A, Boysen H, Lang NP. Clinical course of chronic periodontitis. II. Incidence, characteristics and time of occurrence of the initial periodontal lesion. J Clin Periodontol. 2003; 30: 902-8.

[16] ¹⁶
D'Aiuto F, Nibali L, Parkar M, Patel K, Suvan J, Donos N. Oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and severe periodontitis.J Dent Res. 2010; 89: 1241-6.

[17] ¹⁷
Croucher R, Marcenes WS, Torres MC, Hughes F, Sheiham A. The relationship between life events and periodontitis. A case control study. J Clin Periodontol. 1997; 24: 39-43.

[18] ¹⁸
Ramachandra SS, Mehta DS, Sandesh N, Baliga V, Amarnath J. Periodontal probing systems: a review of available equipment. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 2011; 32: 71-77.

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Is depression associated with periodontal status in elderly?

Abstract

Publication Dates

History