Hydrodynamics and suspended sediment transport in the Camboriú estuary - Brazil: pre jetty conditions

Siegle, Eduardo; Schettini, Carlos A. F.; Klein, Antonio H. F.; Toldo Jr., Elírio E.

Abstracts

Estuarine hydrodynamics is a key factor in the definition of the filtering capacity of an estuary and results from the interaction of the processes that control the inlet morphodynamics and those that are acting in the mixing of the water in the estuary. The hydrodynamics and suspended sediment transport in the Camboriú estuary were assessed by two field campaigns conducted in 1998 that covered both neap and spring tide conditions. The period measured represents the estuarine hydrodynamics and sediment transport prior to the construction of the jetty in 2003 and provides important background information for the Camboriú estuary. Each field campaign covered two complete tidal cycles with hourly measurements of currents, salinity, suspended sediment concentration and water level. Results show that the Camboriú estuary is partially mixed with the vertical structure varying as a function of the tidal range and tidal phase. The dynamic estuarine structure can be balanced between the stabilizing effects generated by the vertical density gradient, which produces buoyancy and stratification flows, and the turbulent effects generated by the vertical velocity gradient that generates vertical mixing. The main sediment source for the water column are the bottom sediments, periodically resuspended by the tidal currents. The advective salt and suspended sediment transport was different between neap and spring tides, being more complex at spring tide. The river discharge term was important under both tidal conditions. The tidal correlation term was also important, being dominant in the suspended sediment transport during the spring tide. The gravitational circulation and Stokes drift played a secondary role in the estuarine transport processes.

Suspended sediment transport; Salt transport; Estuarine hydrodynamics; Camboriú estuary

As trocas de água e materiais através das desembocaduras de estuários são de difícil quantificação e são de fundamental importância para o entendimento do funcionamento de estuários e da zona costeira. A hidrodinâmica e transporte de sedimentos em suspensão no estuário do rio Camboriú foram estudados através da realização de duas campanhas de campo em 1998 cobrindo as condições de quadratura e sizígia. O período do levantamento foi anterior à obra de construção do molhe em 2003 que alterou a morfologia da desembocadura, fornecendo assim importantes informações base sobre o sistema. Cada experimento cobriu dois ciclos de maré com medições horárias de correntes, salinidade, concentrações de sedimentos em suspensão e nível de água. Os resultados mostram que o estuário é parcialmente misturado com estrutura vertical variando em função da amplitude e fase da maré. A estrutura dinâmica do estuário é balanceada entre os efeitos estabilizadores gerados pelo gradiente vertical de densidade, que permite produzir fluxo de empuxo e estratificação, e os efeitos turbulentos gerados pelo gradiente vertical de velocidade, que gera mistura vertical. A principal fonte de sedimentos para a coluna de água são os sedimentos de fundo, periodicamente resuspendidos pelas correntes de maré. O transporte advectivo de sal e sedimentos em suspensão foi diferente entre condições de quadratura e sizígia, sendo mais complexo durante a sizígia. A circulação gravitacional e a deriva de Stokes apresentam um papel secundário nos processos de transporte estuarinos.

Transporte de sedimentos em suspensão; Transporte de sal; Hidrodinâmica estuarina; Estuário do rio Camboriú

References

BOON, J. D. Suspended solids transport in a salt marsh creek – an analysis of errors. In: KJERFVE, B. (Ed.). Estuarine transport processes Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, p. 147-159. 1977.
BOWDEN, K.'F. The mixing processes in a tidal estuary. J. Air Wat. Pollut, v. 7, p. 343-356, 1963.
DYER, K. R. The salt balance in stratified estuaries. Estuar. coast. mar. Sci, v. 2, p. 273-281, 1974.
DYER, K.R. The balance of suspended sediment in the Gironde and Thames estuaries. In: KJERFVE, B. (Ed.). Estuarine transport processes Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1977. p. 135-145.
DYER, K. R. Sediment transport processes in estuaries. In: PERILLO, G. M. E. (Ed.). Geomorphology and sedimentology of estuaries. New York: Elsevier, 1995. p.423-449.
DYER, K. R. Estuaries: a physical introduction 2^nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997. 195 p.
DYER, K. R.; GONG, W. K.; ONG, J. E. The cross sectional salt balance in a tropical estuary during a lunar tide and a discharge event. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci, v. 34, p. 579-591, 1992.
EISMA, D. Flocculation and de-flocculation of suspended matter in estuaries. Neth. J. Sea Res, v. 20, n. 1/3, p. 183-199, 1986.
FISHER, H. B. Mixing and dispersion in estuaries. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech, v. 8, p. 107-133, 1976.
FÖRSTNER, U.; WITTMANN, G. T. W. Metal pollution in the aquatic environment 2^nd ed. New York: Springer, 1983. 486 p.
FRANKLIN-SILVA, L.; SCHETTINI, C. A. F. Avaliação da dinâmica lateral e dos mecanismos de transporte no estuário do rio Camboriú. Notas Técn. Facimar, v. 7, p. 97-108, 2003.
HANSEN, D. V.; RATTRAY JR, M. New dimensions on estuarine classification. Limnol. Oceanogr , v. 11, p. 319-326, 1966.
HUNKINS, K. Salt dispersion in the Hudson Estuary. J. Phys. Oceanogr., v. 11, p. 729-738, 1981.
JAY, D. A.; MUSIAK, J. D. Particle trapping in estuarine tidal flows. J. Geophys. Res., v. 99, 1984. (C10):20445-20462. 1994.
KJERFVE, B. Circulations and salt flux in a well mixed estuary. In: VAN DE KREEK J. (Ed.). Physics of shallow estuaries and bays Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986. p. 22-29.
MIRANDA, L. B.; CASTRO, B. M.; KJERFVE, B. Princípios de oceanografia física de estuários São Paulo: Edusp, 2002. 414 p.
NICHOLS, M. M. Effects of Fine Sediment Resuspension in Estuaries. In: MEHTA, A. J. (Ed.). Estuarine cohesive sediment dynamics Berlin/New York: Springer Verlag, 1984. p. 5-42. Lecture Notes on Coastal Estuarine Studies.
PEREIRA FILHO, J.; SCHETTINI, C. A. F.; RORIG, L. R.; SIEGLE, E. Intratidal variation and net transport of dissolved inorganic nutrients, POC and chlorophyll a in the Camboriú river estuary, Brazil. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., v. 53, p. 249-257, 2001.
PUGH, D.T. Tides, surges and mean sea-level New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1987. 472 p.
SCHETTINI, C. A. F. Caracterização física do estuário do rio Itajaí-Açu. Revta Bras. Recursos Hídricos, v. 7, n. 1, p. 123-142, 2002.
SCHETTINI, C. A. F.; CARVALHO, J. L. B. Suspended sediment balance in the estuary of Itajaí-Açu river during a low discharge period. An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc., v. 70, n. 2, p.325-334, 1998.
SCHETTINI, C. A. F.; RICKLEFS, K.; TRUCCOLO, E. C.; GOLBIG, V. Synoptic hydrography of a highly stratified estuary. Ocean Dynam., 2006. DOI 10.1007/s10236-006-0066-1.
SCHETTINI, C. A. F.; CARVALHO, J. L. B.; JABOR, P. Comparative hydrology and suspended matter distribution of four estuaries in Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. Bahia Blanca, Proceedings of Workshop on Comparative Studies of Temperate Coast Estuaries, p29-32. 1996.
SHUBEL, J. R.; CARTER, H. H. The estuary as a filter for fine-grained suspended sediment. In: KENNEDY, V. (Ed.). The estuary as a filter New York: Academic Press, 1984. p. 81-105.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
06 July 2009
Date of issue
June 2009

History

Accepted
18 Feb 2009
Reviewed
16 Feb 2009
Received
23 Oct 2008

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] BOON, J. D. Suspended solids transport in a salt marsh creek – an analysis of errors. In: KJERFVE, B. (Ed.). Estuarine transport processes Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, p. 147-159. 1977.

[2] BOWDEN, K.'F. The mixing processes in a tidal estuary. J. Air Wat. Pollut, v. 7, p. 343-356, 1963.

[3] DYER, K. R. The salt balance in stratified estuaries. Estuar. coast. mar. Sci, v. 2, p. 273-281, 1974.

[4] DYER, K.R. The balance of suspended sediment in the Gironde and Thames estuaries. In: KJERFVE, B. (Ed.). Estuarine transport processes Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1977. p. 135-145.

[5] DYER, K. R. Sediment transport processes in estuaries. In: PERILLO, G. M. E. (Ed.). Geomorphology and sedimentology of estuaries. New York: Elsevier, 1995. p.423-449.

[6] DYER, K. R. Estuaries: a physical introduction 2^nd ed. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1997. 195 p.

[7] DYER, K. R.; GONG, W. K.; ONG, J. E. The cross sectional salt balance in a tropical estuary during a lunar tide and a discharge event. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci, v. 34, p. 579-591, 1992.

[8] EISMA, D. Flocculation and de-flocculation of suspended matter in estuaries. Neth. J. Sea Res, v. 20, n. 1/3, p. 183-199, 1986.

[9] FISHER, H. B. Mixing and dispersion in estuaries. Ann. Rev. Fluid Mech, v. 8, p. 107-133, 1976.

[10] FÖRSTNER, U.; WITTMANN, G. T. W. Metal pollution in the aquatic environment 2^nd ed. New York: Springer, 1983. 486 p.

[11] FRANKLIN-SILVA, L.; SCHETTINI, C. A. F. Avaliação da dinâmica lateral e dos mecanismos de transporte no estuário do rio Camboriú. Notas Técn. Facimar, v. 7, p. 97-108, 2003.

[12] HANSEN, D. V.; RATTRAY JR, M. New dimensions on estuarine classification. Limnol. Oceanogr , v. 11, p. 319-326, 1966.

[13] HUNKINS, K. Salt dispersion in the Hudson Estuary. J. Phys. Oceanogr., v. 11, p. 729-738, 1981.

[14] JAY, D. A.; MUSIAK, J. D. Particle trapping in estuarine tidal flows. J. Geophys. Res., v. 99, 1984. (C10):20445-20462. 1994.

[15] KJERFVE, B. Circulations and salt flux in a well mixed estuary. In: VAN DE KREEK J. (Ed.). Physics of shallow estuaries and bays Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986. p. 22-29.

[16] MIRANDA, L. B.; CASTRO, B. M.; KJERFVE, B. Princípios de oceanografia física de estuários São Paulo: Edusp, 2002. 414 p.

[17] NICHOLS, M. M. Effects of Fine Sediment Resuspension in Estuaries. In: MEHTA, A. J. (Ed.). Estuarine cohesive sediment dynamics Berlin/New York: Springer Verlag, 1984. p. 5-42. Lecture Notes on Coastal Estuarine Studies.

[18] PEREIRA FILHO, J.; SCHETTINI, C. A. F.; RORIG, L. R.; SIEGLE, E. Intratidal variation and net transport of dissolved inorganic nutrients, POC and chlorophyll a in the Camboriú river estuary, Brazil. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., v. 53, p. 249-257, 2001.

[19] PUGH, D.T. Tides, surges and mean sea-level New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1987. 472 p.

[20] SCHETTINI, C. A. F. Caracterização física do estuário do rio Itajaí-Açu. Revta Bras. Recursos Hídricos, v. 7, n. 1, p. 123-142, 2002.

[21] SCHETTINI, C. A. F.; CARVALHO, J. L. B. Suspended sediment balance in the estuary of Itajaí-Açu river during a low discharge period. An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc., v. 70, n. 2, p.325-334, 1998.

[22] SCHETTINI, C. A. F.; RICKLEFS, K.; TRUCCOLO, E. C.; GOLBIG, V. Synoptic hydrography of a highly stratified estuary. Ocean Dynam., 2006. DOI 10.1007/s10236-006-0066-1.

[23] SCHETTINI, C. A. F.; CARVALHO, J. L. B.; JABOR, P. Comparative hydrology and suspended matter distribution of four estuaries in Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. Bahia Blanca, Proceedings of Workshop on Comparative Studies of Temperate Coast Estuaries, p29-32. 1996.

[24] SHUBEL, J. R.; CARTER, H. H. The estuary as a filter for fine-grained suspended sediment. In: KENNEDY, V. (Ed.). The estuary as a filter New York: Academic Press, 1984. p. 81-105.