Stationary substrates facilitate bioinvasion in Paranaguá Bay in southern Brazil

Rocha, Rosana M.; Cangussu, Leonardo C.; Braga, Mariana P.

Abstracts

Artificial substrates in and near ports and marinas commonly have many non-indigenous species and are the first stepping stone for the establishment of bioinvasors. Substrate movement influences fouling communities and so understanding of how species assemblages are related to specific substrate conditions is crucial as a management tool. Here we describe the species assemblage of the community after six months of development on granite plates in Paranaguá Bay. Species richness was similar in the two treatments, with 12 species on floating (constant depth) plates and 15 on stationary (variable depth) plates. However, species composition differed, with the community on floating plates being dominated by the native bivalve Mytella charruana (66.1 ± 5.5% cover) and that on stationary plates dominated by the barnacles Fistulobalanus citerosum (49.8 ± 3.5% cover) and the introduced Amphibalanus reticulatus (33.9 ± 3.7% cover). Other introduced species were Garveia franciscana, on one stationary plate, and Megabalanus coccopoma also on one stationary plate and not very abundant on half of the floating plates (< 2%). Thus, stationary plates were more susceptible to introduced species that may become very abundant, suggesting that this type of substrate should be a priority in management for bioinvasion control. We also hypothesize that the native bivalve M. charruana is the dominant competitor for space on floating substrates, thereby reducing the invasiveness of that type of substrate.

bioinvasion; artificial substrate; estuary; fouling; exotic species

Substratos artificiais em regiões de portos e marinas geralmente abrigam muitas espécies introduzidas e sua colonização constitui o primeiro passo no estabelecimento de bioinvasores. O grau de movimentação do substrato influencia a comunidade incrustante e o conhecimento da assembléia de espécies associada a cada situação é crucial como ferramenta de manejo. Neste trabalho, reportamos a estrutura de comunidades de seis meses desenvolvidas em substratos de granito na baía de Paranaguá. Foram encontradas 12 espécies na condição flutuante (profundidade constante) e 15 na condição fixa (profundidade variável), mas o número médio de espécies por placa não foi diferente nos tratamentos. A comunidade das placas flutuantes foi dominada pelo bivalve nativo Mytella charruana (66.1 ± 5.5% de cobertura), enquanto as placas fixas foram dominadas pelos cirripédios Fistulobalanus citerosum (49.8 ± 3.5%) e Amphibalanus reticulatus (33.9 ± 3.7%), este último introduzido na região. Outras espécies introduzidas encontradas foram Garveia franciscana, em apenas uma placa fixa, e Megabalanus coccopoma também em uma placa fixa e em metade das placas flutuantes, mas sempre com baixa cobertura (< 2%). Em conclusão, placas fixas foram mais suscetíveis às espécies introduzidas, uma delas ocorrendo em alta abundância, o que sugere que este tipo de substrato deveria ser priorizado em ações de controle e manejo de bioinvasão. Também hipotetizamos que o bivalve nativo M. charruana é o competidor dominante por espaço na condição flutuante, reduzindo a susceptibilidade deste substrato à bioinvasão.

bioinvasão; substrato artificial; estuário; comunidade incrustante; espécies exóticas

References

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BACCHIOCCHI, F.; AIROLDI, L. Distribution and dynamics of epibiota on hard structures for coastal protection. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., v. 56, p. 1157-1166, 2003.
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BULLERI, F.; CHAPMAN, M. G. Intertidal assemblages in artificial and natural habitats in marinas on the north-west coast of Italy. Mar. Biol., v. 145, p. 381–391, 2004.
COLE, V. J.; GLASBY, T. M.; HOLLOWAY, M. G. Extending the generality of ecological models to artificial floating habitats. Mar. environ. Res., v. 60, p. 195-210, 2005.
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GROSBERG, R. K. Intertidal zonation of barnacles: the influence of planktonic zonation of larvae on vertical distribution of adults. Ecology, v. 63, p. 894-899, 1982.
HOLLOWAY, M. G.; CONNELL, S. D. Why do floating structures create novel habitats for subtidal epibiota? Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser, v. 235, p. 43-52, 2002.
JUDGE, M. L.; CRAIG, S. F. Positive flow dependence in the initial colonization of a fouling community, results from in situ water current manipulations. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol, v. 210, p. 209-222, 1997.
KEOUGH, M. J.; BUTLER, A. J. The role of asteroid predators in the organization of a sessile community on pier pilings. Mar. Biol, v. 51, p. 167–177, 1979.
KNOTT, N.A.; UNDERWOOD, A. J.; CHAPMAN, M.G.; GLASBY, T.M. Epibiota on vertical and on horizontal surfaces on natural reefs and on artificial structures. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K, v. 84, p. 1117-1130, 2004.
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OKAMURA, B. The effects of ambient flow velocity, colony size and upstream colonies on the feeding success of bryozoa. I. Bugula stolonifera Ryland, an arborescent species. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol, v. 83, p. 179-193, 1984.
OKAMURA, B. Theeffects of ambient flow velocity, colony size and upstream colonies on the feeding success of Bryozoa. II. Conopeum reticulum (Linnaeus), an encrusting species. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol, v. 89, p. 69-80, 1985.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
31 Aug 2010
Date of issue
June 2010

History

Reviewed
06 May 2009
Received
02 Mar 2009
Accepted
27 Apr 2010

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ABELSON, A.; DENNY, M. Settlement of marine organisms in flow. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst, v. 28, p. 317-339, 1997.

[2] BACCHIOCCHI, F.; AIROLDI, L. Distribution and dynamics of epibiota on hard structures for coastal protection. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., v. 56, p. 1157-1166, 2003.

[3] BULLERI, F.; AIROLDI, L. Artificial marine structures facilitate the spread of a non-indigenous green alga, Codium fragile ssp. tomentosoides, in the north Adriatic Sea. J. appl. Ecol., v. 42, p. 1063-1072, 2005.

[4] BULLERI, F.; CHAPMAN, M. G. Intertidal assemblages in artificial and natural habitats in marinas on the north-west coast of Italy. Mar. Biol., v. 145, p. 381–391, 2004.

[5] COLE, V. J.; GLASBY, T. M.; HOLLOWAY, M. G. Extending the generality of ecological models to artificial floating habitats. Mar. environ. Res., v. 60, p. 195-210, 2005.

[6] CONNELL, S. D. Floating pontoons create novel habitats for subtidal epibiota. J. expl Mar. Biol. Ecol., v. 247, p. 183–194, 2000.

[7] CONNELL, S. D. Urban structures as marine habitats: an experimental comparison of the composition and abundance of subtidal epibiota among pilings, pontoons and rocky reefs. Mar. environ. Res, v. 52, p. 115-125, 2001a.

[8] CONNELL, S. D. Predatory fish do not always affect the early development of epibiotic assemblages. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., v. 260, p. 1-12, 2001b.

[9] CONNELL, S. D.; GLASBY, T. M. Do urban structures influence local abundance and diversity of subtidal epibiota? A case study from Sydney Harbour. Mar. environ. Res, v. 47, p. 373–387, 1999.

[10] GABRIELE, M.; BELLOT, A.; GALLOTTI, D.; BRUNETTI, R. Sublittoral hard substrate communities of the northern Adriatic Sea. Cah. Biol. mar, v. 40, p. 65-76, 1999.

[11] GLASBY, T. M. Differences between subtidal epibiota on pier pilings and rocky reefs at marinas in Sydney, Australia. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci, v. 48, p. 281-290, 1999.

[12] GLASBY, T. M. Surface composition and orientation interact to affect subtidal epibiota. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., v. 248, p. 177–190, 2000.

[13] GLASBY T. M.; CONNELL, S. D. Orientation and position of substratum have large effects on epibiotic assemblages. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., v. 214, p. 127–135, 2001.

[14] GLASBY, T. M.; CONNELL, S. D.; HOLLOWAY, M. G.; HEWITT, C. L. Nonindigenous biota on artificial structures: could habitat creation facilitate biological invasions? Mar. Biol., v. 151, p. 887–895, 2007.

[15] GROSBERG, R. K. Intertidal zonation of barnacles: the influence of planktonic zonation of larvae on vertical distribution of adults. Ecology, v. 63, p. 894-899, 1982.

[16] HOLLOWAY, M. G.; CONNELL, S. D. Why do floating structures create novel habitats for subtidal epibiota? Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser, v. 235, p. 43-52, 2002.

[17] JUDGE, M. L.; CRAIG, S. F. Positive flow dependence in the initial colonization of a fouling community, results from in situ water current manipulations. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol, v. 210, p. 209-222, 1997.

[18] KEOUGH, M. J.; BUTLER, A. J. The role of asteroid predators in the organization of a sessile community on pier pilings. Mar. Biol, v. 51, p. 167–177, 1979.

[19] KNOTT, N.A.; UNDERWOOD, A. J.; CHAPMAN, M.G.; GLASBY, T.M. Epibiota on vertical and on horizontal surfaces on natural reefs and on artificial structures. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K, v. 84, p. 1117-1130, 2004.

[20] LANA, P. C.; MARONE, E.; LOPES, R. M.; MACHADO. E. C. The subtropical estuarine complex of Paranaguá Bay, Brazil. In: SEELIGER, U.; KJERFVE, B. (Ed.). Coastal marine ecosystems of Latin America. Berlin; New York: Springer-Verlag, 2001. p. 131-145. Ser. Ecological Studies, v. 144.

[21] MAUGHAN, B. C. The effects of sedimentation and light on recruitment and development of a temperate, subtidal, epifaunal community. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., v. 256, p. 59-71, 2001.

[22] MAYER-PINTO, M.; JUNQUEIRA, A. O. R. Effects of organic pollution on the initial development of fouling communities in a tropical bay, Brazil. Mar. Pollut. Bull, v. 46, p. 1495 – 1503, 2003.

[23] NEVES, C. S.; ROCHA, R. M. Introduced and cryptogenic species and their management in Paranaguá Bay, Brazil. Braz. Arch. Biol. Technol, v. 51, p. 623-633, 2008.

[24] NEVES, C. S.; ROCHA, R. M.; PITOMBO, F. B.; ROPER, J. J. Artificial substrate use by introduced and cryptogenic marine species in Paranaguá Bay, southern Brazil. Biofoul., v. 23, p. 319-330, 2007.

[25] OKAMURA, B. The effects of ambient flow velocity, colony size and upstream colonies on the feeding success of bryozoa. I. Bugula stolonifera Ryland, an arborescent species. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol, v. 83, p. 179-193, 1984.

[26] OKAMURA, B. Theeffects of ambient flow velocity, colony size and upstream colonies on the feeding success of Bryozoa. II. Conopeum reticulum (Linnaeus), an encrusting species. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol, v. 89, p. 69-80, 1985.