Correlação entre saúde periodontal e idade gestacional

Correlation between periodontal health and gestacional age

Resumos

INTRODUÇÃO: O baixo peso de recém-nascidos (RN) é considerado um problema de saúde pública e, geralmente, é associado à prematuridade. A etiologia do parto prematuro é bastante complexa e, frequentemente, está relacionada a vários fatores. Diversas teorias têm correlacionado a saúde periodontal de gestantes com o nascimento de bebês prematuros (idade gestacional) e/ou com baixo peso ao nascer. OBJETIVO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a possível correlação de saúde periodontal com idade gestacional e/ou com nascimento de bebês com baixo peso. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Estudo observacional longitudinal prospectivo com gestantes que foram atendidas em um projeto de extensão da Universidade Federal do Piauí - Programa Preventivo para Gestantes e Bebês - PPGB. A coleta dos dados foi estruturada em dois momentos: 1º- Preenchimento de ficha contendo dados relativos à saúde geral e exame periodontal completo, e 2º- Coleta de dados referentes a tipo de parto, duração da gestação, peso e condição de saúde do bebê. RESULTADO: De 62 gestantes atendidas, 43 participaram do segundo momento do estudo. Ocorreu uma predominância de gestantes com idade entre 25 e 35 anos (55,81%). O índice de sangramento gengival variou de 1,19% a 92,50%. A média do peso dos bebês foi 3.365,33 g e do tempo gestacional foi 39,33 semanas. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados deste estudo não deram suporte à hipótese de que a doença periodontal está associada à idade gestacional.

Periodontia; prematuros; baixo peso ao nascer

INTRODUCTION: The birth of newborn (NB) underweight is considered a public health problem and is often associated with prematurity. The etiology of preterm birth is complex and often is related to several factors. Several theories have correlated the periodontal health of pregnant women with preterm birth (gestational age) and / or with low birth weight. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to evaluate the possible correlation between periodontal health with gestacional time and/or with low birth weight. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A Prospective longitudinal observational study with pregnant women that were attending a extension project of UFPI - Preventive Program for Pregnant Women and Babies - PPPWB. Data collection was structured in two moments: 1st fill sheet containing questions related to health of the pregnant woman, complete clinical and periodontal examination of the oral cavity and 2nd data collection on the type of delivery, gestation length, baby's weight and health condition. RESULT: A total of 62 pregnant women were attended and only 43 patients participated in the second moment of the study. There was a predominance of women aged between 25 to 35 years (55.81%). The bleeding index ranged from 1.19% to 92.50%. The average weight of infants was 3365.33 g and gestational time was 39.33 weeks. CONCLUSION: The results of this study did not support the hypothesis that periodontal disease is associated with gestacional time and/or low birth weight.

Periodontics; premature; low birth weight

Referências bibliográficas

• ¹ Wardlaw T, Blanc A, Zupan J, Åhman E. Low birth weight: country, regional and global estimates. WHO: UNICEF: New York; 2004.
• ² Piscoya MDBV, Ximenes RAA, Silva GM, Jamelli SR, Coutinho SB. Maternal periodontitis as a risk factor for prematurity. Pediatr Int. 2012; 54: 68-75. PMid:22044450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-200X.2011.03502.x
• ³ Brasil. Ministério da Saúde. Saúde em números. Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde. 2010. Disponível em: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/php/level.php?lang=pt&component=44&item=24
• ⁴ Corbella S, Taschieri S, Francetti L, de Siena F, del Fabbro M. Periodontal disease as a risk factor for adverse pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Odontology. 2012; 100: 232-40. PMid:21739194. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10266-011-0036-z
• ⁵ Offenbacher S, Katz V, Fertik G, Collins J, Boyd D, Maynor G, et al. Periodontal infection as a possible risk factor for preterm low birth weight. J Periodontol. 1996; 67:1103-13. PMid:8910829.
• ⁶ Horton AL, Boggess KA. Periodontal disease and preterm birth. Obstet Gynecol Clin North Am. 2012; 39: 17-23. PMid:22370104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ogc.2011.12.008
• ⁷ Moura LF, Moura MS, Toledo OA. Dental caries in children that participated in a dental program providing mother and child care. J Appl Oral Sci. 2006; 14: 53-60. PMid:19089031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1678-77572006000100011
• ⁸ Galloway C. Focal infection. Am J Surg. 1931; 14: 643-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9610(31)91140-9
• ⁹ Khader YS, Ta'ani Q. Periodontal diseases and the risk of preterm birth and low birth weight: a meta-analysis. J Periodontol. 2005; 76: 161-5. PMid:15974837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2005.76.2.161
• ¹⁰ Ryu J-I, Oh K, Yang H, Choi B-K, Ha J-E, Jin B-H, et al. Health behaviors, periodontal conditions, and periodontal pathogens in spontaneous preterm birth: a case-control study in Korea. J Periodontol. 2010; 81: 855-63. PMid:20192615. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2010.090667
• ¹¹ Baskaradoss JK, Geevarghese A, Kutty VR. Maternal periodontal status and preterm delivery: a hospital based case–control study. J Periodontal Res. 2011; 46: 542-9. PMid:21507002.
• ¹² Hart R, Doherty DA, Pennell CE, Newnham IA, Newnham JP. Periodontal disease: a potential modifiable risk factor limiting conception. Hum Reprod. 2012; 27: 1332-42. PMid:22362927. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/des034
• ¹³ Boillot A, El Halabi B, Batty GD, Range H, Czernichow S, Bouchard P. Education as a predictor of chronic periodontitis: a systematic review with meta-analysis population-based studies. Plos One. 2011; 6(7): e21508. PMid:21814546 PMCid:3140980. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021508
• ¹⁴ Borrell LN, Crawford ND . Socioeconomic position indicators and periodontitis: examining the evidence. Periodontol 2000. 2012; 58: 69-83. PMid:22133367. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0757.2011.00416.x
• ¹⁵ Susin C, Haas AN, Valle PM, Oppermann RV, Albandar JM. Prevalence and risk indicators for chronic periodontitis in adolescents and young adults in South Brazil. J Clin Periodontol. 2011; 38: 326-333. PMid:21299588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01699.x
• ¹⁶ Macones GA, Parry S, Nelson DB, Strauss JF, Ludmir J, Cohen AW, et al. Treatment of localized periodontal disease in pregnancy does not reduce the occurrence of preterm birth: results from the periodontal infections and prematurity study (PIPS). Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2010; 202: 147.e1-8.
• ¹⁷ Kumar A, Basra M, Begum N, Rani V, Prasad S, Lamba AK, et al. Association of maternal periodontal health with adverse pregnancy outcome. J Obstet Gynaecol Res. 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0756.2012.01957
• ¹⁸ Santa Cruz I, Herrera D, Martin C, Herrero A, Sanz M. Association between periodontal status and pre-term and/or low-birth weight in Spain: clinical and microbiological parameters. J Periodontal Res. 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jre.12024
• ¹⁹ Vogt M, Sallum AW, Cecatti JG, Morais SS. Factors associated with the prevalence of periodontal disease in low-risk pregnant women. Reprod Health. 2012; 24: 9:3.
• ²⁰ Offenbacher S, Lieff S, Boggess KA, Murtha AP, Madianos PN, Champagne CM, et al. Maternal periodontitis and prematurity. Part I: obstetric outcome of prematurity and growth restriction. Ann Periodontol. 2001; 6: 164-74. PMid:11887460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/annals.2001.6.1.164
• ²¹ Huck O, Tenenbaum H, Davideau JL. Relationship between periodontal diseases and preterm birth: recent epidemiological and biological data. J Pregnancy. 2011: 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/164654
• ²² Zadeh-Modarres S, Amooian B, Bayat-Movahed S, Mohamadi M. Periodontal health in mothers of preterm and term infants. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol. 2007; 46: 157-61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1028-4559(07)60010-2
• ²³ Santos-Pereira SA, Giraldo PC, Saba-Chujfi E, Amaral RLG, Morais SS, Fachini AM, et al. Chronic periodontitis and pre-term labour in brazilian pregnant women: an association to be analysed. J Clin Periodontol. 2007; 34: 208-13. PMid:17309595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2006.01038.x
• ²⁴ Ali TB, Abidin KZ. Relationship of periodontal disease to pre-term low birth weight infants in a selected population - a prospective study. Community Dent Health. 2012; 29: 100-05. PMid:22482259.
• ²⁵ Rosa MI, Pires PD, Medeiros LR, Edelweiss MI, Martínez-Mesa J. Periodontal disease treatment and risk of preterm birth: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cad Saúde Pública. 2012; 28: 1823-33. PMid:23090163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0102-311X2012001000002
• ²⁶ Wood S, Frydman A, Cox S, Brant R, Needoba S, Eley B, et al. Periodontal disease and spontaneous preterm birth: a case control study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 2006; 6(24):1-8.
• ²⁷ Chambrone L, Pannuti CM, Guglielmetti MR, Chambrone LA. Evidence grade associating periodontitis with preterm birth and/or low birth weight: II: a systematic review of randomized trials evaluating the effects of periodontal treatment. J Clin Periodontol. 2011; 38: 902-14. PMid:21736600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2011.01761.x
• ²⁸ Michalowicz BS, Hodges JS, Novak MJ, Buchanan W, DiAngelis AJ, Papapanou PN, et al. Change in periodontitis during pregnancy and the risk of pre-term birth and low birthweight. J Clin Periodontol. 2009; 36: 308-14. PMid:19426177 PMCid:2741139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-051X.2009.01385.x
• ²⁹ Santana FCM, Santos VIM, Freire S, GBL C. A Doença periodontal como fator de risco em gestantes com bebês prematuros de baixo peso ao nascer. Pesq Bras Odontoped Clin Integr. 2005; 5: 247-52.
• ³⁰ Lopez NJ, Da Silva I, Ipinza J, Gutierrez J. Periodontal therapy reduces the rate of preterm low birth weight in women with pregnancy-associated gingivitis. J Periodontol. 2005; 76: 2144-53. PMid:16277587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/jop.2005.76.11-S.2144

Datas de Publicação

• Publicação nesta coleção
  06 Fev 2013
• Data do Fascículo
  Dez 2012

Histórico

• Recebido
  04 Set 2012
• Aceito
  30 Nov 2012