Streptococcus mutans in denture stomatitis patients under antifungal therapy

Vasconcelos, Laurylene César de S.; Sampaio, Fábio Correia; Sampaio, Maria Carméli Correia; Pereira, Maria do Socorro Vieira; Peixoto, Maria Helena Pereira

doi:10.1590/S1980-65232010000200003

Abstracts

PURPOSE: To assess the number of Streptococcus mutans in saliva of patients with denture stomatitis before and after antifungal therapy. METHODS: After examining 93 patients, 47 were selected for fungal test. Then, from this sample, thirty patients were selected: 15 with positive and 15 with negative diagnosis for candidiasis that were evaluated for S. mutans counting, salivary flow and buffer capacity evaluation. Oral hygiene and prosthesis hygiene, period using prosthesis, lesion type and salivary data were related with clinical laboratorial characteristics of the patients with Candida. RESULTS: The most frequent lesions were type I (43.5%) and II (53.5%). The amount of S. mutans was six times higher in patients with candidiasis and it was associated with low salivary flow and poor oral hygiene. After therapy, a reduction of S. mutans was verified particularly in patients with normal salivary flow. The values ranged from 0.01 to 3.88 x 10(4) cfu/mL. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that Streptococcus spp collaborates with Candida spp in the etiology and pathogenesis of denture stomatitis. The use of oral antimicrobial agents may provide a beneficial effect for denture stomatitis patients that are under antifungal therapy and that have poor oral hygiene and unfavorable salivary parameters.

Dental prosthesis; antifungal agents; Candida; Streptococcus mutans

OBJETIVO: Verificar o número de Streptococcus mutans em saliva de pacientes com estomatite protética antes e após a terapia antifúngica. METODOLOGIA: Após exame clínico de 93 pacientes, 47 foram selecionados para exame micológico e desta amostra foram selecionados trinta pacientes: 15 com diagnóstico positivo e 15 com diagnóstico negativo de candidose foram avaliados para contagem de S. mutans, determinação de fluxo salivar e capacidade tampão. Higiene bucal e da prótese, tempo de confecção, tipo de lesão e dados salivares foram relacionados com características clínicas e laboratoriais de Candida. RESULTADOS: As lesões frequentes foram dos tipos I (43,5%) e II (53,5%). A quantidade de S. mutans foi seis vezes maior em pacientes com candidose e foi associada com baixo fluxo salivar e higiene oral deficiente. Após a terapia, a redução de S. mutans foi verificada particularmente em pacientes com fluxo salivar normal. Os valores variaram de 0,01 a 3,88 UFC/ml x 10(4). CONCLUSÃO: Os dados sugerem que os Streptococcus colaboram com Candida spp na etiopatogenia da estomatite protética. O uso de agentes antimicrobianos orais pode propiciar efeito benéfico para pacientes com estomatite protética submetidos à terapia antifúngica e que apresentam higiene oral deficiente e parâmetros salivares desfavoráveis.

Prótese dentária; agentes antifúngicos; Candida; Streptococcus mutans

ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Streptococcus mutans in denture stomatitis patients under antifungal therapy

Streptococcus mutans em pacientes com estomatite protética submetidos à terapia antifúngica

Laurylene César de S. Vasconcelos^I; Fábio Correia Sampaio^I; Maria Carméli Correia Sampaio^II; Maria do Socorro Vieira Pereira^III; Maria Helena Pereira Peixoto^III

^IDepartment of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil

^IIDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil

^IIIDepartment of Molecular Biology, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB, Brazil

^{Correspondence} Correspondence: Laurylene César de Souza Vasconcelos R. Maria Helena da Rocha, 113 - Aeroclube João Pessoa, PB - Brasil 58036-823 E-mail: laurylene@uol.com.br

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To assess the number of Streptococcus mutans in saliva of patients with denture stomatitis before and after antifungal therapy.

METHODS: After examining 93 patients, 47 were selected for fungal test. Then, from this sample, thirty patients were selected: 15 with positive and 15 with negative diagnosis for candidiasis that were evaluated for S. mutans counting, salivary flow and buffer capacity evaluation. Oral hygiene and prosthesis hygiene, period using prosthesis, lesion type and salivary data were related with clinical laboratorial characteristics of the patients with Candida.

RESULTS: The most frequent lesions were type I (43.5%) and II (53.5%). The amount of S. mutans was six times higher in patients with candidiasis and it was associated with low salivary flow and poor oral hygiene. After therapy, a reduction of S. mutans was verified particularly in patients with normal salivary flow. The values ranged from 0.01 to 3.88 x 10⁴ cfu/mL.

CONCLUSION: The data suggest that Streptococcus spp collaborates with Candida spp in the etiology and pathogenesis of denture stomatitis. The use of oral antimicrobial agents may provide a beneficial effect for denture stomatitis patients that are under antifungal therapy and that have poor oral hygiene and unfavorable salivary parameters.

Key words: Dental prosthesis; antifungal agents; Candida; Streptococcus mutans

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: Verificar o número de Streptococcus mutans em saliva de pacientes com estomatite protética antes e após a terapia antifúngica.

METODOLOGIA: Após exame clínico de 93 pacientes, 47 foram selecionados para exame micológico e desta amostra foram selecionados trinta pacientes: 15 com diagnóstico positivo e 15 com diagnóstico negativo de candidose foram avaliados para contagem de S. mutans, determinação de fluxo salivar e capacidade tampão. Higiene bucal e da prótese, tempo de confecção, tipo de lesão e dados salivares foram relacionados com características clínicas e laboratoriais de Candida.

RESULTADOS: As lesões frequentes foram dos tipos I (43,5%) e II (53,5%). A quantidade de S. mutans foi seis vezes maior em pacientes com candidose e foi associada com baixo fluxo salivar e higiene oral deficiente. Após a terapia, a redução de S. mutans foi verificada particularmente em pacientes com fluxo salivar normal. Os valores variaram de 0,01 a 3,88 UFC/ml x 10⁴.

CONCLUSÃO: Os dados sugerem que os Streptococcus colaboram com Candida spp na etiopatogenia da estomatite protética. O uso de agentes antimicrobianos orais pode propiciar efeito benéfico para pacientes com estomatite protética submetidos à terapia antifúngica e que apresentam higiene oral deficiente e parâmetros salivares desfavoráveis.

Palavras-chave: Prótese dentária; agentes antifúngicos; Candida; Streptococcus mutans

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Full text available only in PDF format.

Acknowledgments

This study is part of a doctoral thesis and it was supported by Lauro Wanderley University Hospital for its realization.

Received: May 20, 2009

Accepted: March 31, 2010

Conflict of Interest Statement: The authors state that there are no financial and personal conflicts of interest that could have inappropriately influenced their work.

References

1. Budtz-Jörgensen E. Etiology, pathogeneses, therapy and prophylaxis of oral yeast infections. Acta Odontol Scand 1990;48:61-9
2. Girard Junior B, Landry RG, Giasson L. La stomatite prothétique: etiologie et condérations cliniques. J Can Dent Assoc 1996;62:808-12.
3. Könsberg R, Axéll T. Treatment of Candida - infected denture stomatits with a miconazole lacquer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994;78:306-11.
4. Vasconcelos LC, Sampaio MC, Sampaio FC, Higino JS. Use of Punica granatum as an antifungal agent against candidosis associated with denture stomatitis. Mycoses 2003;46:192-6.
5. Linossier A, Vargas A, Villegas R, Chimenos E. Quantitative relationship between salivary level of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in children with Down's syndrome. Med Oral 2002;7:284-92.
6. Baena-Monroy T, Moreno-Maldonado V, Franco-Martinez F, Aldape-Barrios B, Quindos G, Sanchez-Vargas LO. Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans colonization in patients wearing dental prosthesis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2005;1:E27-39.
7. Holmes AR, Gopal PK, Jenkinson HF. Adherence of Candida albicans to a cell surface polysaccharide receptor on Streptococcus gordonii Infect Immun 1995;63:1827-34.
8. Shinada K, Ozaki F, Cordiero JG, Okada S, Shimoyama K, Nagao M, Ichinose S, Yamashita Y. A morphological study of interactions of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi 1995;62:281-6.
9. Jorge AOC, Koga-Ito CY, Gonçalves CR, Fantinato V, Unterkircher CS. Presença de leveduras do gênero Candida na saliva de pacientes com diferentes fatores predisponentes e de indivíduos controle. Rev Fac Odontol Univ São Paulo 1997;11:279-85.
10. El-Azizi MA, Starks SE, Khardori N. Interactions of Candida albicans with other Candida spp. and bacteria in the biofilms. J Appl Microbiol 2004;96:1067-73.
11. Barbieri DSV, Vicente VA, Fraiz FC, Lavoranti OJ, Svidzinski TIE, Pinheiro R L. Analysis of the in vitro adherence of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Braz j Microbiol 2007;38:624-31.
12. Shinada K, Teraoka K, Asaka T, Cordeiro JG, Ozaki F, Shimoyama K et al Distribution of Candida species and mutans streptococci related to oral conditions in elderly persons. Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi 1997;64:512-17.
13. Newton AV. Denture Sore Mouth: a possible Ætiology. Br Dent J 1962;357-60.
14. Pfaller MA, Houston A, Coffmann S. Application of CHROMágar Candida for rapid screening of clinical specimens for Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei and Candida (Torulopsis) glabrata J Clin Microbiol 1996;34:58-61.
15. Sakki TK, Knuuttila MLE, Läärä EL, Anttila SS. The association of yeasts and denture stomatitis with behavioral and biologic factors. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;84:624-9.
16. Krasse B. Risco de cárie: um guia prático para avaliação e controle. 2^Ied. São Paulo: Quintessence Books; 1988.
17. Gold OG, Jordan HV, Van Houte J. A.selective medium for Streptococcus mutans Arch Oral Biol 1973;18:1357-64.
18. Noborikawa E, Silveira FRX, Witzel, AL, Lotufo, MA. Biotypes of Candida albicans isolates from the oral mucosa of HIV seropositive and control subjects. Rev Odonto Ciênc 2009;24:258-63.
19. Marsh PD. Role of the oral microflora in health. Microb ecol health dis 2000;12:130-7.
20. Wargo.MJ, Hogan, DA. Fungal-bacterial interactions: a mixed bag of mingling microbes. Curr Opin Microbiol 2006;9:359-64.
21. Sullivan A, Borgström MK, Granath L, Nilsson G. Number of mutans streptococci or lactobacilli in a total dental plaque sample does not explain the variation in caries better than the numbers in stimulated whole saliva. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1996;24:159-63.
22. Hintao J, Teanpaisan R, Chongsuvivatwong V, Ratarasan C, Dahlen G. The microbiological profiles of saliva, supragingival and subgingival plaque and dental caries in adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2007;22:175-81.
23. Vasconcelos LCS, Sampaio FC, Sampaio MCC, Pereira MSV, Higino JS, Peixoto MHP. Minimum inhibitory concentration of adherence of Punica granatum Linn (pomegranate) gel against S. mutans, S. mitis and C. albicans Braz Dent J 2006;17:223-7.
24. Moalic E, Gestalin A, Quinio D, Gest PE, Zerilli A, Le Flohic AM. The extent of oral fungal flora in 353 students and possible relationships with dental caries. Caries Res 2001;35:149-55.
25. Nikawa H, Egusa H, Makihira S, Nishimura M. Ishida K, Furukawa M, Hamada T. A novel technique to evaluate the adhesion of Candida species to gingival epithelial cells. Mycoses 2003;46:384-9.

Correspondence:

Laurylene César de Souza Vasconcelos

R. Maria Helena da Rocha, 113 - Aeroclube

João Pessoa, PB - Brasil 58036-823

E-mail:

laurylene@uol.com.br

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
26 Aug 2011
Date of issue
2010

History

Accepted
31 May 2010
Received
20 May 2009

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. Budtz-Jörgensen E. Etiology, pathogeneses, therapy and prophylaxis of oral yeast infections. Acta Odontol Scand 1990;48:61-9

[2] 2. Girard Junior B, Landry RG, Giasson L. La stomatite prothétique: etiologie et condérations cliniques. J Can Dent Assoc 1996;62:808-12.

[3] 3. Könsberg R, Axéll T. Treatment of Candida - infected denture stomatits with a miconazole lacquer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1994;78:306-11.

[4] 4. Vasconcelos LC, Sampaio MC, Sampaio FC, Higino JS. Use of Punica granatum as an antifungal agent against candidosis associated with denture stomatitis. Mycoses 2003;46:192-6.

[5] 5. Linossier A, Vargas A, Villegas R, Chimenos E. Quantitative relationship between salivary level of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans in children with Down's syndrome. Med Oral 2002;7:284-92.

[6] 6. Baena-Monroy T, Moreno-Maldonado V, Franco-Martinez F, Aldape-Barrios B, Quindos G, Sanchez-Vargas LO. Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans colonization in patients wearing dental prosthesis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2005;1:E27-39.

[7] 7. Holmes AR, Gopal PK, Jenkinson HF. Adherence of Candida albicans to a cell surface polysaccharide receptor on Streptococcus gordonii Infect Immun 1995;63:1827-34.

[8] 8. Shinada K, Ozaki F, Cordiero JG, Okada S, Shimoyama K, Nagao M, Ichinose S, Yamashita Y. A morphological study of interactions of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi 1995;62:281-6.

[9] 9. Jorge AOC, Koga-Ito CY, Gonçalves CR, Fantinato V, Unterkircher CS. Presença de leveduras do gênero Candida na saliva de pacientes com diferentes fatores predisponentes e de indivíduos controle. Rev Fac Odontol Univ São Paulo 1997;11:279-85.

[10] 10. El-Azizi MA, Starks SE, Khardori N. Interactions of Candida albicans with other Candida spp. and bacteria in the biofilms. J Appl Microbiol 2004;96:1067-73.

[11] 11. Barbieri DSV, Vicente VA, Fraiz FC, Lavoranti OJ, Svidzinski TIE, Pinheiro R L. Analysis of the in vitro adherence of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. Braz j Microbiol 2007;38:624-31.

[12] 12. Shinada K, Teraoka K, Asaka T, Cordeiro JG, Ozaki F, Shimoyama K et al Distribution of Candida species and mutans streptococci related to oral conditions in elderly persons. Kokubyo Gakkai Zasshi 1997;64:512-17.

[13] 13. Newton AV. Denture Sore Mouth: a possible Ætiology. Br Dent J 1962;357-60.

[14] 14. Pfaller MA, Houston A, Coffmann S. Application of CHROMágar Candida for rapid screening of clinical specimens for Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei and Candida (Torulopsis) glabrata J Clin Microbiol 1996;34:58-61.

[15] 15. Sakki TK, Knuuttila MLE, Läärä EL, Anttila SS. The association of yeasts and denture stomatitis with behavioral and biologic factors. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 1997;84:624-9.

[16] 16. Krasse B. Risco de cárie: um guia prático para avaliação e controle. 2^Ied. São Paulo: Quintessence Books; 1988.

[17] 17. Gold OG, Jordan HV, Van Houte J. A.selective medium for Streptococcus mutans Arch Oral Biol 1973;18:1357-64.

[18] 18. Noborikawa E, Silveira FRX, Witzel, AL, Lotufo, MA. Biotypes of Candida albicans isolates from the oral mucosa of HIV seropositive and control subjects. Rev Odonto Ciênc 2009;24:258-63.

[19] 19. Marsh PD. Role of the oral microflora in health. Microb ecol health dis 2000;12:130-7.

[20] 20. Wargo.MJ, Hogan, DA. Fungal-bacterial interactions: a mixed bag of mingling microbes. Curr Opin Microbiol 2006;9:359-64.

[21] 21. Sullivan A, Borgström MK, Granath L, Nilsson G. Number of mutans streptococci or lactobacilli in a total dental plaque sample does not explain the variation in caries better than the numbers in stimulated whole saliva. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 1996;24:159-63.

[22] 22. Hintao J, Teanpaisan R, Chongsuvivatwong V, Ratarasan C, Dahlen G. The microbiological profiles of saliva, supragingival and subgingival plaque and dental caries in adults with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Oral Microbiol Immunol 2007;22:175-81.

[23] 23. Vasconcelos LCS, Sampaio FC, Sampaio MCC, Pereira MSV, Higino JS, Peixoto MHP. Minimum inhibitory concentration of adherence of Punica granatum Linn (pomegranate) gel against S. mutans, S. mitis and C. albicans Braz Dent J 2006;17:223-7.

[24] 24. Moalic E, Gestalin A, Quinio D, Gest PE, Zerilli A, Le Flohic AM. The extent of oral fungal flora in 353 students and possible relationships with dental caries. Caries Res 2001;35:149-55.

[25] 25. Nikawa H, Egusa H, Makihira S, Nishimura M. Ishida K, Furukawa M, Hamada T. A novel technique to evaluate the adhesion of Candida species to gingival epithelial cells. Mycoses 2003;46:384-9.

Streptococcus mutans in denture stomatitis patients under antifungal therapy

Streptococcus mutans em pacientes com estomatite protética submetidos à terapia antifúngica

Abstracts

References

Publication Dates

History