Checklist of the agaricoid and similar morphology mycobiota of Paraíba State, Brazil

Checklist da micota agaricoide e de morfologia similar do Estado da Paraíba, Brasil

ABSTRACT

Brazil has a rich biodiversity, but many species remain to be discovered, studied and cataloged. In the Paraíba State, taxonomy studies on agaric fungi are still infrequent. Thus, this present work carried out a bibliographic review of fungal species belonging to orders Agaricales, Boletales, Cantharellales Gomphales and Russulales from the Paraíba State previously described or mentioned, because the knowledge about the fungal diversity in the region still remain disaggregated and poorly known. Thus, we organize and present information about the geographic distribution of the taxa in this checklist format. For the compilation of the results, for each species we present the published herbarium numbers and their respective citations. As results, we found 79 taxa belonging 41 genera, 22 families and five orders occurring in areas of the Atlantic Forest and Caatinga. So, this review is extremely important for the dissemination of the valuation of the State’s biodiversity providing information about our Brazilian biomes.

Keywords:
Agaricomycetes; basidiomycota; neotropics; voucher

RESUMO

O Brasil possui uma rica biodiversidade, por isso existem muitas espécies a serem descobertas, estudadas e catalogadas. No Estado da Paraíba, ainda são poucos os estudos envolvendo taxonomia. Com isso, o trabalho realizou um levantamento bibliográfico das espécies fúngicas do Estado da Paraíba já descritas ou citadas, pois o conhecimento sobre a diversidade de fungos que possuímos ainda é muito desagregado e pouco conhecido. Dessa forma, organizamos e apresentamos informações sobre a distribuição geográfica dos táxons em formato de check list. Para a compilação dos resultados, para cada espécie apresentamos os números de tombamento do herbário publicados e suas citações. Como resultado, listamos 79 táxons pertencendo a 41 gêneros, 22 famílias e cinco ordens ocorrendo em áreas de Mata Atlântica e Caatinga. Sendo assim, este trabalho é de extrema importância para a avaliação da biodiversidade do Estado providenciando informação acerca os biomas brasileiros.

Palavras-chave:
Agaricomycetes; basidiomycota; neotrópicos; voucher

Introduction

It is known that Brazil has a rich biodiversity, with Cerrado and Mata Atlântica biomes considered as hotspots for biodiversity conservation, and the Pantanal biome as the largest swamped area of the world (Brandon et al. 2005). The recognition of the tropical fungal biodiversity, on which many taxa remain undescribed and also in risk of extinction, is very important but, due of their magnitude, too many species remain to be discovered basing in taxonomic, systematic, ecological, morphological, studies on biological conservation and biodiversity as well palaeobiology, improving the knowledge about these organisms (Hawksworth 1991, Funk et al. 2002).

Among Basidiomycota the fungi with agaricoid habit, formally called mushrooms, were formerly grouped in 16 families among the suborders Agaricineae, Boletineae and Russulineae, according to most known classification of the order Agaricales (Singer 1986). During phylogenetic systematic studies, Matheny et al. (2006) divided the euagarics in six clades: 1) Plicaturopsidoid; 2) Pluteoid encompassing the families Pluteaceae (Pluteus Fr. and Volvariella Speg.), Amanitaceae (Amanita Pers. and Limacella Earle )and Hohenbuehelia Schulzer; 3) Hygrophoroid with Hygrophoraceae and some members previously belonging to Tricholomataceae; 4) Marasmioid, with Marasmiaceae, Omphalotaceae, Cyphellaceae, Physalacriaceae and Schizophyllaceae; 5) Tricholomatoide, with members Tricholomataceae sensu stricto, Lyophyllaceae, Entolomataceae and Mycenaceae; and 6) Agaricoid including Cystodermataceae, Nidulariaceae, Agaricaceae, Inocybaceae, Bolbitiaceae, Cortinariaceae, Psathyrellaceae, Crepidotaceae among other.

Recent studies by Dentinger et al. (2016) described Agaricales divided into the suborders Hygrophorineae (containing Clavariaceae and Hygrophoraceae), Pleurotineae (Pleurotaceae and Pterulaceae), Schizophyllineae (Fistulinaceae and Schizophyllaceae), Marasmiineae (Cyphellaceae, Mararmiaceae, Mycenaceae, Omphalotaceae and Physalacriaceae), Tricholomatineae (Entolomataceae, Lyophyllaceae, Macrocystidiaceae and Tricholomataceae), Pluteineae (Amanitaceae and Pluteaceae), and Agaricineae (Agaricaceae, Psathyrellaceae, Strophariaceae, Crepidotaceae, Hymenogastraceae and Inocybaceae). The families previously considered in Agaricales, as Boletaceae (habit boletoid) and Russulaceae (russuloid), were separated in the orders Boletales e Russulales (Binder & Hibbett 2006, Miller et al. 2006).

Taxonomic studies on agaric fungi in Paraíba State was infrequent in the last century, with species described or cited by Singer (1961, 1965, 1966, 1973a, 1973b, 1976, 1977), Horak (1977) and Oliveira & Sousa (1995, 1996, 2002). Only recently the studies in systematic and taxonomy of agaricoid fungi in the state were intensified with Wartchow et al. (2012, 2015, 2017), Magnago et al. (2013, 2015, 2017, 2019), Pinheiro & Wartchow (2013), Pinheiro et al. (2013), Gomes & Wartchow (2014), Henkel et al. (2014), Coimbra et al. (2015), Silva-Junior & Wartchow (2015), Sá & Wartchow (2016), Barbosa-Silva et al. (2017, 2020), Nascimento & Wartchow (2018), Silva-Filho et al. (2019, 2020, 2021), Barbosa-Silva & Wartchow (2020) and Sulzbacher et al. (2020). They described or reported more taxa for the region.

The objective of this work is to perform a bibliographic overview of agaric fungi of Paraíba State, for improve the current status of knowledge of this group of fungi in this region. This knowledge is essential for instruct and raise awareness about the importance of the biological conservation in ecosystems and the self-sustainability (Lodge et al. 1995, Straatsma et al. 2001).

Materials & Methods

The Paraíba State (figure 1) is localized at the Northeastern region of Brazil and occupies an area of 56,372 km², corresponding to less than 1% of the national territory (Francisco et al. 2015). The geographical relief is diversified, with parts with humid, subhumid and semiarid climates. Regarding to vegetation, the state has forests formation as restinga, mangrove, ombrophilous and semideciduous forests, humid forests, tabuleiros costeiros, arbustive-arborous caatinga, open arbustive caatinga and other (Governo do Estado Paraíba 2006). The names of the biomes are according to IBGE (2004).

Figure 1
Collection sites of agaricoid fungi in the Paraíba State, Brazil. a. Map with its respective municipalities. 1. São José dos Cordeiros. 2. Juazeirinho. 3. Areia. 4. Mamanguape. 5. Mataraca. 6. Cabedelo. b. Magnification of collection sites in the city of João Pessoa. 7. Jardim Botânico Benjamin Maranhão. 8. Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Source: modified fom Google Earth.

Figure 2
Graphic showing the number of taxa of agaricoid fungi per family recorded from the Paraíba State, Brazil.

Table 1
Checklist of agaricoid and similar morphology fungi from the State of Paraíba, Brazil and their respective localities, authorities and references.

Order / Family / Taxon’s name	Voucher, Herbaria or Collector number	Locality	Reference
Agaricales	JPB 46270	São José dos Cordeiros, RPPN Fazenda Almas	Magnago et al. (2013)
Agaricaceae
Agaricus moelleri Wasser
Chlorophyllum molybdites (G. Mey.) Massee	JPB 47307	Juazeirinho, Fazenda Unha-de-Gato	Magnago et al. (2013)
Coprinus calyptratus Peck	JPB 46272	São José dos Cordeiros, RPPN Fazenda Almas	Magnago et al. (2013 as ‘Coprinus xerophilus Bogart’), Gomes & Wartchow (2018)
Lepiota erythrosticta (Berk. & Broome) Sacc.	A.N.M. Furtado 32 (FLOR)	São José dos Cordeiros, RPPN Fazenda Almas	Magnago et al. (2013 as ‘Lepiota erythosticta’)
Leucoagaricus americanus (Peck) Vellinga	JPB 46277	São José dos Cordeiros, RPPN Fazenda Almas	Magnago et al. (2013)
Leucocoprinus birnbaumii (Corda) Singer	M.A. Neves 412 (FLOR)	Juazeirinho, Fazenda Unha de Gato; São José dos Cordeiros, RPPN Fazenda	Magnago et al. (2013)
Leucocoprinus fragilissimus (Berk &. M.A. Curtis) Pat.	JPB 50674	João Pessoa, Jardim Botânico Bejamin Maranhão	Magnago et al. (2015)
Amanitaceae	JPB 50676	João Pessoa, Campus I UFPB	Magnago et al. (2015)
Amanita crebresulcata Bas
Amanita viscidolutea Menolli, Capelari & Baseia	URM 82095	Mataraca, Millenium Inorganic Chemicals Minning a Crystal Company	Wartchow et al. (2012)
Limacella brunneovenosa C.C. Nacimento & Wartchow	JPB 62772	Cabedelo, FLONA Restinga de Cabedelo	Nacimento & Wartchow (2018)
Limacella sp.	JPB 47308	Juazeirinho, Fazenda Unha de Gato	Magnago et al. (2013)
Order / Family / Taxon’s name	Voucher, Herbaria or Collector number	Locality	Reference
Callistostromataceae
Macrocybe praegrandis (Berk.) Pegler & Lodge	Singer B 3341 (BAFC, LIL)	João Pessoa	Singer [1966, as Tricholoma praegrande (Berk,) Sacc.]
Entolomataceae	JPB 50671	João Pessoa, Campus I UFPB	Magnago et al. (2015)
Entoloma bloxamii (Berk. & Broome) Sacc.
Entoloma cantharelluloides (Singer) E. Horak	Singer B 3360 (BAFC)	João Pessoa	Singer (1965 as Rhodophyllus, Horak 1977)
Rhodocybe crepidotoides Singer	Singer B 3333 (BAFC)	João Pessoa	Singer (1973a)
Galeropsidaceae	JPB 43133	São José dos Cordeiros, RPPN Fazenda Almas	Magnago et al. (2013)
Panaeolus antillarum (Fr.) Dennis
Panaeolus papilionaceus Ew. Gerhardt	M.A. Neves 421 (FLOR)	São José dos Cordeiros, RPPN Fazenda Almas	Magnago et al. (2013)
Hygrophoraceae	Singer B 3334 (BAFC)	João Pessoa	Singer (1977)
Camarophyllus paraiboensis Singer
Cuphophyllus buccinulus (Speg.) Courtec.	A.C. Magnago 27 (FLOR)	São José dos Cordeiros, RPPN Fazenda Almas	Magnago et al. [2013 as ‘Camarophyllus buccinulus(Speg.) Pegler’]
Hygrocybe aurantiomagnifica Silva-Filho & Wartchow	JPB 62773	Areia, Parque Estadual Mata do Pau-Ferro	Silva-Filho et al. (2019)
Hygrocybe batistae Singer	JPB 44297	Mamanguape, REBio Guaribas	Magnago et al. (2015)
Hygrocybe hypohaemacta (Corner) Pegler	M.A. Neves 413 (FLOR)	São José dos Cordeiros, RPPN Fazenda Almas	Magnago et al. (2013)
Hygrocybe occidentalis var. scarletina Pegler	JPB 44272, JPB 44273, JPB 44274	Mamanguape, REBio Guaribas	Magnago et al. (2015)
Hygrocybe paraibensis Singer	Singer B 3320 (LIL)	João Pessoa	Singer (1965)
Hygrocybe rhodoleuca Singer	Singer B 3345 (BAFC, LIL)	João Pessoa	Singer (1973a)
Hygrocybe subcaespitosa (Murrill) Lodge & Pegler	JPB 44265, JPB 44266, JPB 44271, JPB 44275, JPB 44279, JPB 44280, JPB 44283	Mamanguape, REBio Guaribas	Magnago et al. (2015)
Hygrocybe trinitensis (Dennis) Pegler	JPB 44285	Mamanguape, REBio Guaribas	Magnago et al. (2015)
Hygrotrama leucopus Singer	Singer B 3344 (BAFC)	João Pessoa	Singer (1973a)
Hymenogastraceae	JPB 58545	João Pessoa, UFPB Campus I	Silva-Junior & Wartchow (2015)
Gymnopilus purpureogramminicola Silva-Junior & Wartchow
Gymnopilus purpureosquamulosus Høil.	JPB 46297	São José dos Cordeiros, RPPN Fazenda Almas	Magnago et al. [2013, as ‘G. purpureosquamulosus (Peck) Singer’ sic.]
Gymnopilus subtropicus Hesler	JPB 50672	João Pessoa, Jardim Botânico Bejamin Maranhão	Magnago et al. (2015)
Marasmiaceae	Singer 3377 (F 3640)	João Pessoa	Singer (1976)
Crinipellis sapindacearum Singer
Marasmius crinis-equi F. Muell. ex Kalchbr	JPB 48125, JPB 48129, JPB 48149, JPB 48186, JPB 48163, JPB 48125	João Pessoa, UFPB Campus I, Jardim Botânico Bejamin Maranhão	Magnago et al. (2015)
Order / Family / Taxon’s name	Voucher, Herbaria or Collector number	Locality	Reference
Marasmius ferrugineus var. gardneri Singer	JPB 48193, JPB 48142, JPB 48162, JPB 48164	João Pessoa, UFPB Campus I, Jardim Botânico Bejamin Maranhão	Magnago et al. (2015)
Marasmius haematocephalus (Mont.) Fr.	M.A. Neves 680 (FLOR)	São José dos Cordeiros, RPPN Fazenda Almas	Magnago et al. (2013)
Marasmius hakgalensis Petch	Singer B 3342 (BAFC)	João Pessoa	Singer (1976)
Marasmius helvolus Berk.	JPB 48159, JPB 48161, JPB 48170	João Pessoa, UFPB Campus I, Jardim Botânico Bejamin Maranhão	Magnago et al. (2015)
Marasmius leoninus Berk.	JPB 48158, JPB 48135, JPB 48150	João Pessoa, UFPB Campus I, Jardim Botânico Bejamin Maranhão	Magnago et al. (2015)
Marasmius phaeus Berk. & M.A. Curtis	JPB 48154, JPB 48166, JPB 48168, JPB 48185, JPB 48143, JPB 48123, JPB 48188, JPB 48189	João Pessoa, UFPB Campus I, Jardim Botânico Bejamin Maranhão	Magnago et al. (2015)
Marasmius rubromarginatus Dennis	JPB 46286	São José dos Cordeiros, RPPN Fazenda Almas	Magnago et al. (2013)
Marasmius similis Berk. & M.A. Curtis	JPB 48153, JPB 48 171, JPB 48172, JPB 48176	João Pessoa, Jardim Botânico Benjamim Maranhão	Magnago et al. (2015)
Marasmius trinitatis Dennis	JPB 48131, JPB 48133, JPB 48137	João Pessoa, UFPB Campus I	Magnago et al. (2015)
Omphalotaceae	URM 87729	João Pessoa; Cabedelo, FLONA Restinga de Cabedelo	7Magnago et al. (2015)
Gymnopus atlanticus V. Coimbra & Wartchow
Gymnopus montagnei (Berk.) Redhead	URM 87726	João Pessoa; Cabedelo, FLONA Restinga de Cabedelo	Coimbra et al. (2015)
Gymnopus talisiae V. Coimbra & Wartchow	URM 87730	João Pessoa; Cabedelo, FLONA Restinga de Cabedelo	Coimbra et al. (2015)
Marasmiellus defibulatus Singer	Singer B 3356 (F)	João Pessoa	Singer (1973b)
Physalacriaceae	JPB 46287	São José dos Cordeiros, RPPN Fazenda Almas	Magnago et al. [2013 as ‘Oudemansiella cubensis (Speg.) Speg.’]
Oudemansiella cubensis (Berk. & M.A. Curtis) R.H. Petersen
Oudemansiella steffenii (Rick) Singer	JPB 50651, JPB 50667	João Pessoa, UFPB Campus I	Magnago et al. [2015 as Dactylosporina steffenii (Rick) Dörfelt]
Pleurotaceae	Singer B 3313 (LIL)	João Pessoa	Singer (1961, as P. ostreatoroseus Singer)
Pleurotus djamor (Rump.: Fr.) Boedjin
Pluteaceae	JPB 61264	Areia, Parque Estadual Mata do Pau-Ferro	Sá & Wartchow (2016)
Volvariella leucocalix Sá & Wartchow
Volvopluteus earlei (Murrill) Vizzini, Contu & Justo	A.N.M. Furtado 91 (FLOR)	São José dos Cordeiros, RPPN Fazenda Almas	Magnago et al. (2013)
Porotheliaceae	JPB 51899	Cabedelo, FLONA Restinga de Cabedelo	Pinheiro et al. (2013)
Hydropus grizeolazulinus F.G.B. Pinheiro, Sá & Wartchow
Order / Family / Taxon’s name	Voucher, Herbaria or Collector number	Locality	Reference
Psathyrellaceae	JPB 56051	Cabedelo, FLONA Restinga de Cabedelo	Gomes & Wartchow (2014)
Coprinellus arenicola Wartchow & A.R. Gomes
Coprinellus disseminatus (Pers.) J.E. Lange	JPB 50668	João Pessoa, Jardim Botânico Benjamim Maranhão	Magnago et al. (2015)
Parasola leiocephala (P.D. Orton) Redhead, Vilgalys & Hopple	JPB 46290	São José dos Cordeiros, RPPN Fazenda Almas	Magnago et al. (2013)
Psathyrella tuberculata (Pat.) A.H. Sm.	JPB 46291	São José dos Cordeiros, RPPN Fazenda Almas	Magnago et al. [2013 as ‘Psathyrella tuberculata (Berk. & Broome) P.D. Orton’ sic.]
Strophariaceae	JPB 46293	São José dos Cordeiros, RPPN Fazenda Almas	Magnago et al. (2013)
Agrocybe retigera (Speg.) Singer
Tricholomataceae	JPB 50662	João Pessoa, UFPB Campus I	Magnago et al. (2015)
Leucopaxillus gracilimus Singer & A.H. Sm.
Agaricales	Singer B 3358 (LIL)	João Pessoa	Singer (1961)
Incertae sedis
Trogia cantharelloides (Mont.) Singer
Boletales	JPB 6891	João Pessoa, UFPB Campus I	Oliveira & Sousa (1995)
Boletaceae
Boletellus lepidospora E.-J. Gilbert
Boletellus nordestinus A.C. Magnago	FLOR 51603, FLOR 51604	Mamanguape, REBio Guaribas	Magnago et al. (2019)
Boletellus pustulatus (Beeli) E.-J. Gilbert	JPB 6896, JPB 6893, JPB 6894, JPB 6595, JPB 6900, JPB 6897, JPB 6898, JPB 6899, JPB 6902, JPB 6901, JPB 6903, JPB 6904, JPB 6907, JPB 6906, JPB 6905, JPB 9277, JPB 6892, JPB 17503, JPB 17548, JPB 18626	João Pessoa, Campus I UFPB	Oliveira & Sousa (1995)
Chalciporus piperatus (Bull.: Fr.) Batt.	JPB 6909, JPB 6908, JPB 6910, JPB 9420, JPB 9573, JPB 9276, JPB 8365, JPB 17522, JPB 17504, JPB 17551, JPB 17500, JPB 5914, JPB 18602, JPB 14734	João Pessoa, Campus I UFPB	Oliveira & Sousa (2002)
Fistulinela ruschii A.C. Magnago	ICN 192820	João Pessoa, Campus I UFPB	Magnago et al. (2018)
Fistulinella violaceospora (G. Stev.) Pegler & T.W.K Young	JPB 6912, JPB 6911, JPB 6914, JPB 9429, JPB 9437, JPB 9438, JPB 6988, JPB 6990, JPB 17558, JPB 17550, JPB 17595	João Pessoa, Campus I UFPB	Oliveira & Sousa (2002)
Tylopilus aquarius var. megistus Wartchow, Barbosa-Silva, B. Ortiz & Ovrebo	JPB 61780, JPB 61781, JPB 51100, UFRN-Fungos 2676, UFRN-Fungos 2493, URM 89205	Mamanguape, REBio Guaribas	Barbosa-Silva et al. (2017)
Tylopilus nigripes Barbosa-Silva & Wartchow	JPB 63855	Mamanguape, REBio Guaribas	Barbosa-Silva et al. (2020)
Xerocomus amazonicus Singer	JPB 6973	João Pessoa, Campus I UFPB	Oliveira & Sousa (1995)
Boletinellaceae
Phlebopus beniensis (Singer & Digilio) Heinem. & Rammeloo	JPB 6968, JPB 6969, JPB 6972, JPB 6986, JPB 9417, JPB 17563, JPB 17577, JPB 18627	João Pessoa, Campus I UFPB	Oliveira & Sousa (1996)
Order / Family / Taxon’s name	Voucher, Herbaria or Collector number	Locality	Reference
Phlebopus brasiliensis Singer	Singer B 3312 (BAFC, LIL), JPB 64077	João Pessoa; Cabedelo, FLONA Restinga de Cabedelo	Singer et al. (1983), Barbosa-Silva & Wartchow (2020)
Phlebopus harleyi Heinem & Rammeloo	JPB 3789, JPB 6949, JPB 6951, JPB 6952, JPB 6953, JPB 6954, JPB 6955, JPB 6956, JPB 6957, JPB 6958, JPB 6959, JPB 6961, JPB 6962, JPB 6963, JPB 6964, JPB 6907, JPB 6965, JPB 6967, JPB 6966, JPB 6915, JPB 6977, JPB 5874, JPB 17576, JPB 18625	João Pessoa, Campus I UFPB	Oliveira & Sousa (1996)
Phlebopus portenosus (Berk & Broome) Boidjin	JPB 3790, JPB 6916, JPB 6919, JPB 6920, JPB 6917, JPB 6921, JPB 6922, JPB 6923, JPB 6924, JPB 6925, JPB 6926, JPB 6928, JPB 6931, JPB 6923, JPB 6929, JPB 6930, JPB 6987, JPB 6933, JPB 6934, JPB 6935, JPB 6936, JPB 6937, JPB 6938, JPB 6939, JPB 6940, JPB 6942, JPB 6943, JPB 17565, JPB 18628	João Pessoa, Campus I UFPB	Oliveira & Sousa (1996)
Paxilaceae	JPB 6944, JPB 6945, JPB 6946, JPB 6947, JPB 17523, JPB 17578, JPB 17588, JPB 17591	João Pessoa, Campus I UFPB	Oliveira & Sousa (1996)
Gyrodon proximus Singer
Paxillus guttatus Singer	Singer B 3378 (LIL)	João Pessoa	Singer (1961)
Cantharellales	JPB 46806	Areia, Parque Estadual Mata do Pau-Ferro	Henkel et al. (2014)
Hydnaceae
Cantharellus guyanensis Mont.
Cantharellus protectus Wartchow & F.G.B Pinheiro	JPB 18541, JPB 51317	Mamanguape, REBio Guaribas	Pinheiro & Wartchow (2013)
Gomphales	JPB 60533	João Pessoa; Cabedelo, FLONA Restinga de Cabedelo	Wartchow et al. (2017)
Gomphaceae
Gloeocantharellus stramineus Wartchow
Russulales	JPB 64495, JPB 64502	Areia, Parque Estadual Mata do Pau-Ferro	Silva-Filho et al. (2021)
Russulaceae
Lactifluus piperogalactus Silva-Filho, Sá & Wartchow
Lactifluus venosellus Silva-Filho, Sá & Wartchow	UFRN-Fungos 2197	Mamanguape, REBio Guaribas	Silva-Filho et al. (2020)

For the elaboration of the map, we use Google Earth™. For the species compilation we performed a bibliographic survey in which the species are presented with their citation and region of the State where the material was collected, including respective herbarium voucher’s deposit. When the authors did not inform herbarium number, we consulted the INCT-Virtual Herbarium of Flora and Fungi website (http://inct.splink.org.br/) If we do not find the herbarium code and number, we inform the collection number and the herbarium acronym where supposedly the material is deposited [e.g., Singer B 3341 (BAFC, LIL), M.A. Neves 412 (FLOR), A.N.M. Furtado 32 (FLOR) and other]. Taxonomic position of the generic names is based in He et al. (2019), Kalichman et al. (2020) and Wijayawardene et al. (2020). Epithets and species authority are based in Mycobank (Crous et al. 2004, Robert et al. 2113). Herbaria codes follow Thiers (continuously updated), except for UFRN-Fungos (Departamento de Botânica e Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte).

Results and discussion

In this study we are considering only taxa with agaricoid and also similar habit as boletoid, russuloid, cantharelloid (Cantharellales, Moncalvo et al. 2006) and gomphoid (Gomphales, Hosaka et al. 2006).

After survey of 30 works (including article, books and books chapters) we found 79 taxa belonging to 41 genera, 22 families and five orders (figure 2, table 1), collected from eight areas belonging six municipalities: Cabedelo (FLONA Restinga de Cabedelo), João Pessoa (Jardim Botânico Benjamin Maranhão and UFPB Campus I), Mataraca (Millenium Inorganic Chemicals Minning a Crystal Company - now Tronox) and Mamanguape (REBio Guaribas) in the Atlantic Forest biome; and Areia (Parque Estadual Mata do Pau-Ferro), Juazeirinho (Fazenda Unha de Gato), and São José dos Cordeiros (RPPN Fazenda Almas) in the Caatinga biome (figure 1). Most of these specimens are deposited at JPB, but also in the herbaria of BAFC, F, FLOR, LIL, UFRN-Fungos and URM.

In João Pessoa it was recorded at least two well delimited areas, UFPB Campus I and Jardim Botânico Benjamin Maranhão. All species published by Singer (1961, 1965, 1966, 1973a, 1973b, 1976, 1977) were delimited only with the city’s name (table 1), and no exact locality was able to be informed. In Mataraca, it was recorded a mining currently named Tronox’.

Regarding to genera Marasmius was the genus with the most species recorded for the state. We found 10 species cited or described (table 1). The genus comprises about 600 worldwide known species, most of them saprophytic (He et al. 2019, Wijayawardene et al. 2020), and recent studies referred 49 taxa, mostly from Atlantic Forest of Southeastern Brazil (e.g. Oliveira et al. 2014, 2020a, 2020b). The genus is considered a key component in the tropical mycobiota, due to the importance in decomposing leaf litter in forest by the networks of rhizomorphs that facilitate the trap litter (Lodge & Cantrell 1995), and plays an important role in the nutrient cycle (Braga-Neto et al. 2008).

We also noted 15 species with putative Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) habit belonging to families Amanitaceae (Amanita), Boletaceae (Boletellus Murrill, Chalciporus Bataille, Fistulinella Henn. and Tylopilus P. Karst.), Hydnaceae (Cantharellus Juss.) and Russulaceae [Lactifluus (Pers.) Roussel] (Smith & Read 2008). Some of them were found in the REBio Guaribas, an area with tableland vegetation with white sandy soil (Thomas & Barbosa 2008). Interestedly, ECM macrofungi are much diverse in this kind of substrate (Roy et al. 2016) and are important to help their plant hosts to uptake nutrients from this poor-nutrient substrate (Smith & Read 2008).

General remarks and conclusion

In Paraíba State, Magnago et al. (2013) cited 22 names of agaricoid species from the semiarid and Magnago et al. (2015) 18 species from the Atlantic Forest. However, some names published by them need to be re-analyzed for a more accurate identification. As an example, we can mention the material identified as Coprinus xerophilus Bogart by Magnago et al. (2013) which currently corresponds to C. calyptratus Peck (Gomes & Wartchow 2018). Thus, most of the names reported may be a misapplication of European species names and need to be revised. For this reason, we have included all information as possible of the collection data for each name.

Taxonomic knowledge about agaricoid fungi in Brazil is still little understood, requiring more specific researches and focus in this group of macrofungi, and also among other diverse groups of the Kingdom Fungi.

In order to increase the knowledge about the high biodiversity of macrofungi belonging to this group in the Paraíba State, it is essential to have as a basis the research and revision of information on studies already carried out, making a survey of species already found and cataloged. We did not find studies published on ecological aspects of agaricoid fungi from Paraíba State. This is due to the lack of investment in research in the state, resulting in the scarcity of information of fungal species in the region.

Acknowledgements

The acknowledge wish thank Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), by funding the projects Programa de Pesquisa em Biodiversidade (PPBio Proc. 60/2009), and Fungos agaricoides em áreas de Mata Atlântica e Caatinga no Estado da Paraíba (Edital Universal Proc. 420.448/2016-0), and by the concession of Produtividade em Pesquisa (Proc. 307922/2014-6 and Proc. 307947/2017-3), grant for FW and Iniciação Científica -- IC (Proc. 307947/2017-3) for JCVA.

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Associate Editor: Viviana Motato-Vásquez

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  13 Dec 2021
• Date of issue
  2021

History

• Received
  18 Oct 2020
• Accepted
  16 Mar 2021