Alterations in seed reserves of Dalbergia nigra ((Vell.) Fr All. ex Benth.) during hydration

Alterações nas reservas de sementes de Dalbergia nigra ((Vell.) Fr. All. ex Benth.) durante a hidratação

Abstracts

Seed imbibitions is the first stage of the germination process and is characterized by the hydration of tissues and cells and the activation and/or induction of the enzymes responsible for mobilizing reserves for respiration and the construction of new cell structures. The objective of this study was to investigate the alterations in reserve substances during slow hydration of Bahia Rosewood (Dalbergia nigra) seeds in water. Seeds from two different lots (Lot I and II) were placed in saturated desiccators (95-99% RH) to hydrate at 15 and 25 °C until water contents of 10, 15, 20 and 25% were reached. At each level of hydration, changes in lipid reserves, soluble carbohydrates, starch and soluble proteins were evaluated. The mobilization of reserves was similarly assessed in both lots, with no differences being observed between the two hydration temperatures. Lipid contents showed little variation during hydration, while the contents of soluble carbohydrates and starch decreased after the 15% water content level. Soluble proteins showed a gradual tendency to decrease between the control (dry seeds) up to 25% water content.

carbohydrates; imbibition; Bahia rosewood; lipids; proteins

A embebição das sementes é o passo inicial do processo de germinação, que se caracteriza pela hidratação de tecidos e células, ativando e/ou induzindo a síntese de enzimas responsáveis pela mobilização das reservas, para atender as necessidades de respiração e a construção de novas estruturas celulares. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar as alterações nas substâncias de reservas durante a hidratação lenta em água de sementes de jacarandá-da-bahia (Dalbergia nigra). Sementes pertencentes a dois lots distintos (lots I e II) foram colocadas para hidratar em dessecadores saturados (95-99% UR) nas temperaturas de 15 e 25 °C até atingirem os teores de água de 10, 15, 20 e 25% de umidade. Em cada nível de hidratação foram avaliadas as variações nas reservas de lipídios, carboidratos solúveis, amido e proteínas solúveis. A mobilização de reservas ocorreu de maneira similar nos dois lotes avaliados, porém não foram observadas diferenças entre as duas temperaturas de hidratação. Os teores de lipídios apresentaram pequena variação durante a hidratação, enquanto os conteúdos de carboidratos solúveis e amido apresentaram decréscimo a partir do nível de hidratação de 15%. Proteínas solúveis exibiram tendência gradativa de queda, desde a testemunha (sementes secas) até o nível de 25% de umidade.

carboidratos; embebição; jacarandá-da-bahia; lipídios; proteínas

• ABIGOR, R.D.; UADIA, P.O.; FOGLIA, T.A.; HAAS, M.J.; SCOTT, K.; SAVARY, B.J. Partial purification and properties of lipase from germinating seeds of Jatropha curcas L. JAOCS, v.79, n.11, p.1123-1126, 2002. http://www.springerlink.com/index/l2v352l16m043q65.pdf
• ALMEIDA, F.A.C.; ALVES, N.M.C.; GOMES, J.P.; SILVA, D.R.S. Determinação do teor de umidade limite de sementes de endro (Anethum graveolens) para crioconservação. Revista de Biologia e Ciências da Terra, v.7, n.2, p.153-159, 2007. http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/src/inicio/artpdfred.jsp?icve=50007219
• ALVARADO, V.; BRADFORD, J.K. A hydrothermal time model explains the cardinal temperatures for seed germination. Plant, Cell & Environment, v.25, n.9, p.1061-1071, 2002. http://www.mendeley.com/research/a-hydrothermal-time-model-explains-the-cardinal-temperatures-for-seed-germination
• ANDARWULAN, N.; FARDIAZ, D.; WATTIMENA, G.A.; SHETTY, K. Antioxidant activity associated with lipid and phenolic mobilization during seed germination of Pangium edule Reinw. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, v.47, p.3158-3163, 1999. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10552624
• BARROS, M.; FLEURI, L.F.; MACEDO, G.A. Seed lipases: sources, applications and properties - a review. Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, v.27, n.1, p.15-29, 2010. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=s0104-66322010000100002&script=sci_abstract
• BEWLEY, J.D.; BLACK, M. Seeds: physiology of development and germination New York: Plenum Press, 1994. 445 p.
• BORGES, E.E.L.; BORGES, R.C.G.; SOARES, C.P.B.; PEREZ, S.C.J.G. Crescimento e mobilização de carboidrato em embrião de sementes de fedegoso (Senna macranthera Irwin et Barneby) durante a germinação. Revista Cerne, v.8, n.1, p.69-76, 2002. http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/pdf/744/74408107.pdf
• BORGES, E.E.L.; RENA, A.B. Germinação de sementes. In: AGUIAR, I.B.; PIÑA-RODRIGUES, F.C.M.; FIGLIOLIA, M.B. (Coord.) Sementes florestais tropicais. Brasília: ABRATES, 1993. p.83-136.
• BRADFORD, M.M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantifications of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analitycal Biochemistry, v.72, p.248-254, 1976. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/942051
• BRASIL. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Regras para análise de sementes. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Secretaria de Defesa Agropecuária. Brasília: MAPA/ACS, 2009. 395p. http://www.agricultura.gov.br/arq_editor/file/laborat%c3%b3rio/sementes/regras%20para%20analise%20de%20sementes.pdf
• BUCKERIDGE, M.S.; DIETRICH, S.M.C. Galactomanans from Brazilian legume seeds. Revista Brasileira de Botânica, v.13, p.109-112, 1990.
• BUCKERIDGE, M.S.; SANTOS, H.P.; TINÉ, M.A.S.; AIDAR, M.P. Mobilização de reservas. In: FERREIRA, AG.; BORGHETTI, F. Germinação: do básico ao aplicado Porto Alegre: Artmed, 2004. 324p.
• CAMPBELL, M.K.; FARRELL, S.O. Bioquímica 5. ed. São Paulo: Thomson, 2006. 845p.
• CAPOCCHI, A. MUCCILLI, V.; CASANI, S.; FOTI, S.; GALLESCHI, L.; FONTANINI, D. Proteolytic enzymes in storage protein mobilization and cell death of the megagametophyte of Araucaria bidwillii Hook. post-germinated seeds. Planta, v.233, p.817-830, 2011. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212976
• COPELAND, L.O.; McDONALD, M.B. Principles of seed science and technology. 3. ed. New York: Chapman e Hall, 1995. 409p.
• CORTE, V.B.; BORGES, E.E.L.; PONTES, C.A.; LEITE, I.T.A.; VENTRELLA, M.C.; MATHIAS, A.A. Mobilização de reservas durante a germinação das sementes e crescimento das plântulas de Caesalpinia peltophoroides Benth. (Leguminosae Caesalpinoideae). Revista Árvore, v.30, n.6, p.941-949, 2006. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=s0100-67622006000600009&script=sci_arttext
• CROMARTY, A.S.; ELLIS, R.H.; ROBERTS, E.H. The design of seed storage facilities for genetic conservation Rome: International Board of Plant Genetic Resources, 1990. 109p.
• DANTAS, B.F.; CORREIA, J.S.; MARINHO, L.B.; ARAGÃO, C.A. Alterações bioquímicas durante a embebição de sementes de catingueira (Caesalpinia pyramidalis Tul.). Revista Brasileira de Sementes, v.30, n.1, p.221-227, 2008a. http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/handle/doc/144048
• DANTAS, B.F.; SOARES, F.S.J.; LÚCIO, A.A.; ARAGÃO, C.A. Alterações bioquímicas durante a embebição de sementes de baraúna (Schinopsis brasiliensis Engl.). Revista Brasileira de Sementes, v.30, n.2, p.214-219, 2008b. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0101-31222008000200027&script=sci_arttext
• DAVIES, H.V.; SLACK, P.T. The control of food mobilization in seeds of dicotyledonous plants. New Phytologist, v.88, p.41-51, 1981. http://www.jstor.org/pss/2434282
• DUBOIS, M.; GILLES, K.A.; HAMILTON, J.K.; REBERS, P.A.; SMITH, F. Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances. Analytical Chemistry, v.28, p.350-356, 1956. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ac60111a017
• FERRAZ-GRANDE, F.G.A.; TAKAKI, M. Temperature dependent seed germination of Dalbergia nigra Allem (Leguminosae). Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, v.44, p.401-404, 2001.
• GALLÃO, M.I.; VIEIRA, I.G.P.; MENDES, F.N.O.; SOUZA, A.S.N.; BRITO, E.S. Reserve mobilization in mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) seed (Leguminosae). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, v.87, p.2012-2018, 2007. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jsfa.2936/
• GONÇALVES, J.F.C.; LIMA, R.B.S.; FERNANDES, A.V.; BORGES, E.E.L.; BUCKERIDGE, M.S. Physiological and biochemical characterization of the assai palm (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) during seed germination and seedling growth under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Revista Árvore, v.34, n.6, p.1045-1053, 2010. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=s0100-67622010000600010&script=sci_arttext
• GOYOAGA, C.; BURBANO, C.; CUADRADO, C.; ROMERO, C.; GUILLAMO, E.; VARELA, A.; PEDROSA, M.M.; MUZQUIA, M. Content and distribution of protein, sugars and inositol phosphates during the germination and seedling growth of two cultivars of Vicia faba Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, v.24, p.391-397, 2011. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s088915751000284x
• HENNING, F.A.; MERTZ, L.M.; JACOB JUNIOR, A.; MACHADO, R.D.; FISS, G.; ZIMMER, P.D. Composição química e mobilização de reservas em sementes de soja de alto e baixo vigor. Bragantia, v.69, n.3, p.727-734, 2010. http://redalyc.uaemex.mx/src/inicio/artpdfred.jsp?icve=90816059026
• IBAMA. Lista Oficial de Flora ameaçada de extinção http://www.ibama.gov.br/flora Acesso em: 02 mai. 2010.
• KAUR, N.; KAUR, H.; GUPTA, A.K. Effect of exogenous sucrose on the enzymes of starch degradation and sucrose metabolism in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) seedlings. Indian Journal of Biochemistry & Biophysics, v.42, p.295-300, 2005. http://nopr.niscair.res.in/handle/123456789/3537
• KERBAUY, G.B. Fisiologia Vegetal Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara Koogan, 2004. 452 p.
• KIM, H.T.; CHOI, U.K.; RYU, H.S.; LEE, S.J.; KWON, O.S. Mobilization of storage proteins in soybean seed (Glycine max L.) during germination and seedling growth. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, v.1814, p.1178-1187, 2011. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21616178
• KIRMIZI, S.; GÜLERYÜZ, G. Protein mobilization and proteolytic enzyme activities during seed germination of broad bean (Vicia faba L.). Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, v.61, p.222-226, 2006. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16729580
• LEONOVA, S.; GRIMBERG, A.; MARTTILA, S.; STYMNE, S.; CARLSSON, A.S. Mobilization of lipid reserves during germination of oat (Avena sativa L.), a cereal rich in endosperm oil. Journal of Experimental Botany, v.61, n.11, p.3089-3099, 2010. http://jxb.oxfordjournals.org/content/61/11/3089
• LIMA, R.B.S.; GONÇALVES, J.F.C.; PANDO, S.C.; FERNANDES, A.V.; SANTOS, A.L.W. Primary metabolite mobilization during germination in rosewood (Aniba rosaeodora Ducke) seeds. Revista Árvore, v.32, n.1, p.19-25, 2008. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sciarttext&pid=s0100-67622008000100003
• LONG, R.L.; WILKLIAMS, K.; GRIFFITHS, E.M.; FLEMATTI, G.R.; MERRITT, D.J.; STEVENS, J.C.; TURNER, S.R.; POWLES, S.B.; DIXON, K.W. Prior hydration of Brassica tournefortii seeds reduces the stimulatory effect of karrikinolide on germination and increases seed sensitivity to abscisic acid. Annals of Botany, v.105, p.1063-1070, 2010. http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/105/6/1063.short
• LORENZI, H. Árvores brasileiras: manual de identificação e cultivo de plantas arbóreas nativas do Brasil. Nova Odessa: Plantarum, 1992. 382 p.
• MAGALHÃES, S.R.; BORGES, E.E.L.; BERGER, A.P.A. Mobilização de reservas no eixo embrionário e nos cotilédones de sementes de Schizolobium parahyba (Vell.) S.F. Blake durante a germinação. Ciência Florestal, v.20, n.4, p.589-595, 2010. http://cascavel.ufsm.br/revistas/ojs-2.2.2/index.php/cienciaflorestal/article/view/2417
• MAGUIRE, J.D. Speed of germination: aid in selection and evaluating or seedling emergence and vigour. Crop Science, v.2, n.2, p.176-177, 1962.
• MONERRI, C.; GARCIA-LUIS, A.; GUARDIOLA, J.L. Sugar and starch changes in pea cotyledons during germination. Physiologia Plantarum, v.67, p.49-54, 1986. http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1986.tb01261.x/
• NONOGAKI, H.; CHEN, F.; BRADFORD, K.J. Mechanisms and genes involved in germination sensu stricto. In: BRADFORD, K.J.; NONOGAKI, H. Seed development, dormancy and germination Ames: Blackwell Publishing, 2007. p.264-304.
• PASSOS, L. P. Métodos analíticos e laboratoriais em fisiologia vegetal. Coronel Pacheco: EMBRAPA-CNPGL, 1996. 223p.
• POLIZELLI, P.P.; FACCHINI, F.D.A.; CABRAL, H.; BONILLA-RODRIGUES, G.O. A new lipase isolated from oleaginous seeds from Pachira aquatica (Bombacaceae). Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, v.150, p.233-242, 2008. http://www.springerlink.com/content/828415242p440506/
• PONTES, C.A.; BORGES, E.E.L.; BORGES, R.C.G.; SOARES, C.P.B. Mobilização de reservas em sementes de Apuleia leiocarpa (Vogel) J.F. Macbr. (garapa) durante a embebição. Revista Árvore, v.26, n.5, p.593-601, 2002. http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-67622002000500010
• POPINIGIS, F. 1985. Fisiologia de sementes 2.ed. Brasília, 289p.
• RIZZINI, C.T. Árvores e madeiras úteis do Brasil: manual de dendrologia brasileira. São Paulo: Editora da USP, 1972. 294p.
• SANA, N.K.; SARKAR, B.C.; AZAD, M.A.K.; HUQUE, M.E.; SHAHA, R.K. Enzyme activities and mobilization of nutrients in brassica (Brassica spp.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seeds during germination. Journal of Biosciences, v.17, p.101-106, 2009. http://www.banglajol.info/index.php/jbs/article/view/7114
• SEBEI, K.; DEBEZ, A.; HERCHI, W.; BOUKHCHINA, S.; KALLEL, H. Germination kinetics and seed reserve mobilization in two flax (Linumus itatissimum L.) cultivars under moderate salt stress. Journal of Plant Biology, v.50, n.4, p.447-454, 2007. http://www.springerlink.com/content/45x07267p47q6u55/
• SFAXI-BOUSBIH, A.; CHAOUI, A.; FERJANI, E.E. Copper affects the cotyledonary carbohydrate status during the germination of bean seed. Biological Trace Element Research, v.137, p.110-116, 2010. http://www.springerlink.com/content/g0175057ll144v17/
• SILVA, T.R.G.; CORTELAZZO, A.L.; DIETRICH, S.M.C. Variations in storage compounds during germination and early plantlet growth of Dalbergia miscolobium Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal, v.10, n.2, p.119-124, 1998. http://www.cnpdia.embrapa.br/rbfv/pdfs/download.php?file=v10n2p119.pdf
• SILVA, D.J. Análise de alimentos - métodos químicos e biológicos. Viçosa, MG: Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 1990. 165p.
• SORIANO, D.; OROZCO-SEGOVIA, A.; MARQUEZ-GUZMA, J.; KITAJIMA, K.; BUEN, A.G.; HUANTE, P. Seed reserve composition in 19 tree species of a tropical deciduous forest in Mexico and its relationship to seed germination and seedling growth. Annals of Botany, v.107, p.939-951, 2011. http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2011/03/07/aob.mcr041
• STATSOFT INC. Statistica data analysis system version 8.0 Tulsa: Statsoft Inc., 2008.
• TONINI, P.P.; PURGATTO, E.; BUCKERIDGE, M.S. Effects of abscisic acid, ethylene and sugars on the mobilization of storage proteins and carbohydrates in seeds of the tropical tree Sesbania virgata (Leguminosae). Annals of Botany, v.106, p.607-616, 2010a. http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2010/08/12/aob.mcq159.full
• TONINI, P.P.; CARRARA, T.B.; BUCKERIDGE, M.S. Storage proteins and cell wall mobilization in seeds of Sesbania virgata (Cav.) Pers. (Leguminosae). Trees, v.24, p.675-684, 2010b. http://www.springerlink.com/content/66835482u535763k/
• VARIER, A.; VARI, A.K.; DADLANI, M. The subcellular basis of seed priming. Current Science, v.99, n.4, p.450-456, 2010. http://www.mendeley.com/research/subcellular-basis-seed-priming/
• WANG, J.; LI, Y.; LO, S.W.; HILLMER, S.; SUN, S.S.M.; ROBINSON, D.G.; JIANG, L. Protein mobilization in germinating mung bean seeds involves vacuolar sorting receptors and multivesicular bodies. Plant Physiology, v.143, p.1628-1639, 2007. http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/143/4/1628
• YAMASAKI, Y. β-Amylase in germinating millet seeds. Phytochemistry, v.64, p.935-939, 2003. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14561508
• YANG, M.F.; LIU, Y.J.; LIU, Y.; CHEN, H.; CHEN, F.; SHEN, S. Proteomic analysis of oil mobilization in seed germination and postgermination development of Jatropha curcas Journal of Proteome Research, v.8, p.1441-1451, 2009. http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/pr800799s
• ZIEGLER, P. Carbohydrate degradation during germination. In: KIGEL, J.; GALILI, G. (Eds.). Seed development and germination. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1995. p.447-474.

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  21 June 2013
• Date of issue
  2013

History

• Received
  15 Feb 2012
• Accepted
  16 Oct 2012