Influência da variedade e do porta-enxêrto, na composição mineral das fôlhas de citros

Gallo, J. Romano; Moreira, Sylvio; Rodriguez, Ody; Fraga Jr, Constantino G.

doi:10.1590/S0006-87051960000100020

Resumos

No presente trabalho são relatados os efeitos determinados; por diferentes combinações copa-cavalo, na composição mineral das fôlhas de citros. O material para o presente estudo foi retirado de dois ensaios de cavalos para laranja pêra e laranja baianinha (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) instalados na Estação Experimental de Limeira, do Instituto Agronômico. Amostras de fôlhas foram colhidas em diferentes estágios de crescimento e correspondentes o dois ciclos vegetativos, e a composição estudada separadamente para árvores de mesma idade. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que além dos efeitos na composição das folhas devidos à variedade e ao porta-enxêrto, outros fatôres como longevidade e moléstias de vírus devem ser considerados pora o julgamento dos efeitos da adubação pela análise foliar.

The influence of five different combinations scion-rootstock for two scion varieties on the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in citrus leaves is reported. Leaves from fruiting shoots of two spring flushes were taken from Baianinha and Pêra oranges trees (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) on two experimental orchards located in the Experiment Station of Limeira, State of Sao Paulo. The rootstocks On which they are budded and used for this study were: Pêra orange, and sweet orange (C. sinensis Osb.), Rangour lime (C. reticulata Blanco X C- aurantifolia Swing (?)), rough lemon (C. limon Burm. f. X (?)), and Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco). In the spring of 1957 when the leaf sampling was started the trees on sweet orange, Rangpur lime and rough lemon rootstocks were 21 years old and those an Pêra and mandarin rootstocks 7 years old, but only plants of the same age were compared. Fertilization was uniform in all plots and the soil apparently very uniform. Confidence limits for the mean results of inorganic composition of leaves 3 to 6 months old of two flushes are presented. Seasonal changes in nutrient composition of leaves ore olso shown. The leaves of both scion varieties differed in their principal mineral constituents. The major difference was found in the potassium content. Leaves of Baianinha orange trees contained relatively more potassium than Pêra orange leaves. The composition of leaves changed according to the rootstock species. Differences in potassium, calcium, and magnesium levels in leaves of the some scion variety were found to be significant when Pêra orange and Cleopatra mandarin were the rootstocks. Variations in the composition of scion leaves in the older combinations could be associated with virus disease tolerance and longevity of species. In view of the results obtained, other factors such as virus diseases, longevity, etc. besides varietal effects and selectivity of rootstocks to absorb nutrients, must be taken into account in attempting to associate the results of foliar analysis with fertilizer utilization by citrus trees.

Influência da variedade e do porta-enxêrto, na composição mineral das fôlhas de citros^{^*} * Trabalho apresentado ao VII Congresso Brasileiro de Ciência do Solo, realizado em Piracicaba, São Paulo, de 20 a 30 de julho de 1959.

Influence of scion and rootstock varieties on the inorganic composition of citrus leaves

J. Romano Gallo^I; Sylvio Moreira^II; Ody Rodriguez^II; Constantino G. Fraga Jr.^III

^IEngenheiro-agrônomo, Laboratório de Pesquisas de Elementos Minerais em Plantas

^IIEngenheiros-agrônomos, Seção de Citricultura

^IIIEngenheiro-agrônomo, Seção de Técnica Experimental, Instituto Agronômico

RESUMO

No presente trabalho são relatados os efeitos determinados; por diferentes combinações copa-cavalo, na composição mineral das fôlhas de citros. O material para o presente estudo foi retirado de dois ensaios de cavalos para laranja pêra e laranja baianinha (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) instalados na Estação Experimental de Limeira, do Instituto Agronômico. Amostras de fôlhas foram colhidas em diferentes estágios de crescimento e correspondentes o dois ciclos vegetativos, e a composição estudada separadamente para árvores de mesma idade.

Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que além dos efeitos na composição das folhas devidos à variedade e ao porta-enxêrto, outros fatôres como longevidade e moléstias de vírus devem ser considerados pora o julgamento dos efeitos da adubação pela análise foliar.

SUMMARY

The influence of five different combinations scion-rootstock for two scion varieties on the percentage of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in citrus leaves is reported.

Leaves from fruiting shoots of two spring flushes were taken from Baianinha and Pêra oranges trees (Citrus sinensis Osbeck) on two experimental orchards located in the Experiment Station of Limeira, State of Sao Paulo. The rootstocks On which they are budded and used for this study were: Pêra orange, and sweet orange (C. sinensis Osb.), Rangour lime (C. reticulata Blanco X C- aurantifolia Swing (?)), rough lemon (C. limon Burm. f. X (?)), and Cleopatra mandarin (C. reticulata Blanco).

In the spring of 1957 when the leaf sampling was started the trees on sweet orange, Rangpur lime and rough lemon rootstocks were 21 years old and those an Pêra and mandarin rootstocks 7 years old, but only plants of the same age were compared. Fertilization was uniform in all plots and the soil apparently very uniform.

Confidence limits for the mean results of inorganic composition of leaves 3 to 6 months old of two flushes are presented. Seasonal changes in nutrient composition of leaves ore olso shown.

The leaves of both scion varieties differed in their principal mineral constituents. The major difference was found in the potassium content. Leaves of Baianinha orange trees contained relatively more potassium than Pêra orange leaves.

The composition of leaves changed according to the rootstock species. Differences in potassium, calcium, and magnesium levels in leaves of the some scion variety were found to be significant when Pêra orange and Cleopatra mandarin were the rootstocks.

Variations in the composition of scion leaves in the older combinations could be associated with virus disease tolerance and longevity of species.

In view of the results obtained, other factors such as virus diseases, longevity, etc. besides varietal effects and selectivity of rootstocks to absorb nutrients, must be taken into account in attempting to associate the results of foliar analysis with fertilizer utilization by citrus trees.

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LITERATURA CITADA

Recebido para publicação em 9 de outubro de 1959.

1. BITTERS, W. P. & BATCHELOR, L. D. Effect of rootstocks on the size of orange fruits. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 57:133-141. 1951.
2. CHAPMAN, H. D. & BROWN, S. M. Analysis of orange leaves for diagnosing nutrient status with reference to potassium. Hilgardia 19:501 -540. 1950.
3. GALLO, J. R., MOREIRA, S. RODRIGUEZ, O. & FRAGA, C. G. (júnior). Composição inorgânica das fôlhas de laranjeira Baianinha com referência à época de amostragem e adubação química. Bragantia 19:[229]-246. 1960.
4. HAAS, A. R. C. Effect of rootstock on the composition of citrus trees and fruit. Plant Physiol. 23:309-330. 1948.
5. __________ Influence of the rootstock on the composition of citrus leaves and rootlets. Soil. Sci. 60:445-461. 1945.
6. HARDING, P. L. Quality in citrus fruits: seasonal changes in relation to consummer acceptance of oranges, grapefruit, Temple oranges and tangerines. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 49:107-115. 1947.
7. LOTT, W. L, NERY, J. P., GALLO, J. R. & MEDCALF, J. C. A técnica de análise foliar aplicado ao cafeeiro. Campinas, Instituto agronômico, 1956. 29 p. (Boletim n.° 79)
8. MEHLICH, A. & REED, J. F. Characterization of the plant factor in the cation requirement and contents of plants. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 13:399-401. 1948.
9. MOREIRA, S. Experiências de cavalos Dara Citrus I. Bragantia 1:[525]-565. 1941.
10. __________Cavalos para citros em São Paulo. Rev. Agric, Piracicaba 21:[206]226. 1946.
11. __________A moléstia "exocortis" e o cavalo de limoeiro cravo. Rev. Agric, Piracicaba 30:[99]-112. 1955.
12. NEFF, M. S., DROSDOFF, M. & SHARPE, R. Effect of different seedling rootstocks on growth, production, and nutrient absorption of tung clones. Proc. Amer. Sac. hort. Sci. 52:97-102. 1948.
13. PAIVA, J. E. (neto). Notas sôbre os solos da Estação Experimental de Limeira. Bragantia 1:[611]-617. 1941.
14. RICHARDS, A. V. Influence of rootstock on quality of citrus fruit. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 37:298. 1939.
15. SMITH, P. F., REUTHER, W. & SPECHT, A. W. The influence of rootstock on the mineral composition of Valencia orange leaves. Plant Physiol. 24:455-461. 1949.
¹⁶
__________ __________ __________ Seasonal changes in Valencia orange trees. I. changes in leaf dry weight, ash, and macro-nutrient elements. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 55:61-72. 1950.
17. THOMAS, F. B. & WHITE, D. G. Foliar analyses of four varieties of peach rootstocks grown at high and low potassium levels. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 55:56-60. 1950.
18. WALLACE, A., NAUDE, C. J. MUELLER, R. T. & ZIDAN, Z. I. The rootstockscion influence on the inorganic composition of citrus. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 59:133-142. 1952.

*

Trabalho apresentado ao VII Congresso Brasileiro de Ciência do Solo, realizado em Piracicaba, São Paulo, de 20 a 30 de julho de 1959.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
14 Abr 2010
Data do Fascículo
1960

Histórico

Recebido
09 Out 1959

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. BITTERS, W. P. & BATCHELOR, L. D. Effect of rootstocks on the size of orange fruits. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 57:133-141. 1951.

[2] 2. CHAPMAN, H. D. & BROWN, S. M. Analysis of orange leaves for diagnosing nutrient status with reference to potassium. Hilgardia 19:501 -540. 1950.

[3] 3. GALLO, J. R., MOREIRA, S. RODRIGUEZ, O. & FRAGA, C. G. (júnior). Composição inorgânica das fôlhas de laranjeira Baianinha com referência à época de amostragem e adubação química. Bragantia 19:[229]-246. 1960.

[4] 4. HAAS, A. R. C. Effect of rootstock on the composition of citrus trees and fruit. Plant Physiol. 23:309-330. 1948.

[5] 5. __________ Influence of the rootstock on the composition of citrus leaves and rootlets. Soil. Sci. 60:445-461. 1945.

[6] 6. HARDING, P. L. Quality in citrus fruits: seasonal changes in relation to consummer acceptance of oranges, grapefruit, Temple oranges and tangerines. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 49:107-115. 1947.

[7] 7. LOTT, W. L, NERY, J. P., GALLO, J. R. & MEDCALF, J. C. A técnica de análise foliar aplicado ao cafeeiro. Campinas, Instituto agronômico, 1956. 29 p. (Boletim n.° 79)

[8] 8. MEHLICH, A. & REED, J. F. Characterization of the plant factor in the cation requirement and contents of plants. Soil Sci. Soc. Amer. Proc. 13:399-401. 1948.

[9] 9. MOREIRA, S. Experiências de cavalos Dara Citrus I. Bragantia 1:[525]-565. 1941.

[10] 10. __________Cavalos para citros em São Paulo. Rev. Agric, Piracicaba 21:[206]226. 1946.

[11] 11. __________A moléstia "exocortis" e o cavalo de limoeiro cravo. Rev. Agric, Piracicaba 30:[99]-112. 1955.

[12] 12. NEFF, M. S., DROSDOFF, M. & SHARPE, R. Effect of different seedling rootstocks on growth, production, and nutrient absorption of tung clones. Proc. Amer. Sac. hort. Sci. 52:97-102. 1948.

[13] 13. PAIVA, J. E. (neto). Notas sôbre os solos da Estação Experimental de Limeira. Bragantia 1:[611]-617. 1941.

[14] 14. RICHARDS, A. V. Influence of rootstock on quality of citrus fruit. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 37:298. 1939.

[15] 15. SMITH, P. F., REUTHER, W. & SPECHT, A. W. The influence of rootstock on the mineral composition of Valencia orange leaves. Plant Physiol. 24:455-461. 1949.

[16] ¹⁶
__________ __________ __________ Seasonal changes in Valencia orange trees. I. changes in leaf dry weight, ash, and macro-nutrient elements. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 55:61-72. 1950.

[17] 17. THOMAS, F. B. & WHITE, D. G. Foliar analyses of four varieties of peach rootstocks grown at high and low potassium levels. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 55:56-60. 1950.

[18] 18. WALLACE, A., NAUDE, C. J. MUELLER, R. T. & ZIDAN, Z. I. The rootstockscion influence on the inorganic composition of citrus. Proc. Amer. Soc. hort. Sci. 59:133-142. 1952.