Caracteres morfológicos e número de cromossomos em Pelargonium

Conagin, Cândida H. T. M.; Pinto, Alcides J. D'Andréa

doi:10.1590/S0006-87051970000100023

Resumos

O presente trabalho reune observações morfológicas e citológicas em dez cultivares e cinco espécies de Pelargonium aromático e em onze cultivares ornamentais. Os cultivares aromáticos são, morfològicamente, muito semelhantes ao P. x asperum, do qual possivelmente devem ter-se originado; apresentam meiose irregular, com alta freqüência de monovalentes. Os cultivares ornamentais pertencem todos à espécie P. zonale, e dentre êles uns são diplóides e outros tetraplóides. Das espécies em coleção algumas se identificam com as descrições anteriores, mas outras devem ter sido introduzidas erroneamente classificadas. Considerando o material estudado, foram encontrados, para Pelargonium, três números básicos de cromossomos: x = 8, x = 9 e x = 11.

Morphological characters and chromosome number of ten cultivars and five species of aromatic Pelargonium, as well as ornamental cultivars, were compared. The oil cultivars are very alike morphologically and they are supposed to be clones of P x asperum. They have irregular meiosis with high frequency of univalents and are male sterile; their chromosome number is 2n=77. Some of the species (P. graveolens from Italy, P. odoratissimum, P. tomentosuni and P. grossularioides) agree with previous descriptions, but others, as P. graveolens from Argentina and P. radula from Italy, were probably introduced with a wrong classification. Their chromosome number were counted and compared to previous determinations with excelent agreement. No data was found concerning P. grossularioides; the present chromosome counting seems to be the first. The ornamental cultivars studied here belong to the species P. zonale; some are diploid, others tetraploid; in the diploid cultivars mixoploidy is frequent. As chromosome number is concerned, three basic numbers were established; x=8 for P. odoratissimum, x = 9 for P. grossularioides cv. cocoanut, P. graveolens from Italy and P. zonale (ornamental cultivars), and x=11 for P. graveolens from Argentina, P. tomentosuni, P. radens and P. x asperum (aromatic cultivars).

Cândida H. T. M. Conagin^I; Alcides J. D'Andréa Pinto^II

^IEngenheira-agrônoma, Seção de Citologia

^IIEngenheiro-agrônomo, Seção de Fumo, Plantas Medicinais e Inseticidas, Instituto Agronômico

SINOPSE

O presente trabalho reune observações morfológicas e citológicas em dez cultivares e cinco espécies de Pelargonium aromático e em onze cultivares ornamentais.

Os cultivares aromáticos são, morfològicamente, muito semelhantes ao P. x asperum, do qual possivelmente devem ter-se originado; apresentam meiose irregular, com alta freqüência de monovalentes. Os cultivares ornamentais pertencem todos à espécie P. zonale, e dentre êles uns são diplóides e outros tetraplóides. Das espécies em coleção algumas se identificam com as descrições anteriores, mas outras devem ter sido introduzidas erroneamente classificadas.

Considerando o material estudado, foram encontrados, para Pelargonium, três números básicos de cromossomos: x = 8, x = 9 e x = 11.

SUMMARY

Morphological characters and chromosome number of ten cultivars and five species of aromatic Pelargonium, as well as ornamental cultivars, were compared.

The oil cultivars are very alike morphologically and they are supposed to be clones of P x asperum. They have irregular meiosis with high frequency of univalents and are male sterile; their chromosome number is 2n=77.

Some of the species (P. graveolens from Italy, P. odoratissimum, P. tomentosuni and P. grossularioides) agree with previous descriptions, but others, as P. graveolens from Argentina and P. radula from Italy, were probably introduced with a wrong classification. Their chromosome number were counted and compared to previous determinations with excelent agreement. No data was found concerning P. grossularioides; the present chromosome counting seems to be the first.

The ornamental cultivars studied here belong to the species P. zonale; some are diploid, others tetraploid; in the diploid cultivars mixoploidy is frequent.

As chromosome number is concerned, three basic numbers were established; x=8 for P. odoratissimum, x = 9 for P. grossularioides cv. cocoanut, P. graveolens from Italy and P. zonale (ornamental cultivars), and x=11 for P. graveolens from Argentina, P. tomentosuni, P. radens and P. x asperum (aromatic cultivars).

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

LITERATURA CITADA

Recebido para publicação em 10 de março de 1970.

1. BAILEY, L. H. Geranium. Pelargonium In: The standard cyclopedia of horticulture. New York, Mac-Millan, 1930. p. 1330-1332, 2525-2534.
2. CONAGIN, C. H. T. M. Observaçőes citológicas em Pelargonium Bragantia 23:23-37, 1964.
3. DARLIGTON, C. D. & WYLIE, A. P. Chromosome atlas of flowering plants. London, George Allen & Unwin, 1961. 519p.
4. ENGLER, A. Geraniaceae. In: Das Pflansenreich. Leipzig, Verlag Wilhelm Engelmann, 1912. p. 1-640.
5. GAUGER, W. Ergebnisse einer zytologischen Untersuchung der Familie der Geraniaceae I. Planta 26:539-531, 1937.
6. GUENTHER, E. Individual essential oils of the plant families Graminae, Lauraceae, Burseraceae, Myrtaceae, Umbelliferas and Geraniaceae. In: The essential oils. Toronto, Van Nostrand, 1950. v.4, p.679-737.
7. KAWANO, S. Application of pectinase and cellulase in Orcein squash method. Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 78:36-42, 1965.
8. LAWRENCE, G. H. Taxonomy of vascular plants. New York, Mac-Millan, 1965. 823p.
9. LÖFGREN, A. Phytographia e herborizaçăo. Săo Paulo, Typographia Brasil, 1914. 120p.
10. MEDINA, D. M. & CONAGIN, C. H. T. M. Técnica citológica. Campinas, Instituto Agronômico, 1964. 107p. (Publicaçăo 2610)
11. MOORE, H. E. Pelargonium in cultivation I. Baileya 3:1-46, 1955.
12. ________. Pelargonium in cultivation II. Baileya 3:71-97, 1955.
13. SHARMA, A. K. & MOOKERJIA, A. Paradichlorobenzene and other chemicals in chromosome works. St. Techn. 30:1-7, 1955.
14. TAKAGI, P. On the chromosome numbers of Pelargonium. Sci. Rep. Tôhoku Imp. Univ., Ser. Biol. 4, 3:665-671, 1928.
15. TAMAI, T.; TOKUMASU, S. & SHINOHARA, K. Studies on the breeding of Pelargonium species used for the essencial oil production. I. Artificially tetraploid plant in Pelargonium roseum. Jap. J. Breeding 7:139-140, 1958.