Resumos
Este artigo utiliza-se do jazz como um veículo metafórico para redescrever o conceito de estrutura organizacional de forma adequada ao vocabulário emergente dos estudos organizacionais. É apresentada uma descrição de alguns elementos básicos da performance do jazz - solo, acompanhamento, trading fours, pergunta e resposta, groove e sensibilidade -, sustentando a redescrição da estrutura organizacional como sendo ambígua, emocional e temporal. De maneira reflexiva, o artigo não somente demonstra os conceitos aos quais se refere, mas apresenta uma performance, a exemplo do jazz, do método de Rorty da redescrição por meio da metáfora.
Estrutura organizacional; estudos organizacionais; jazz; metáfora; criatividade
This paper uses jazz as a metaphoric vehicle for redescribing the concept of organizational structure in ways that fit within the emerging vocabulary of organization studies. The metaphoric comparison begins with a description of some basic elements of jazz performance - soloing, comping, trading fours, listening and responding, groove and feel - and builds on those to redescribe organizational structure as ambiguous, emotional, and temporal. In reflexive fashion, this concept is not only demonstrated, but a jazz-like performance of Rorty’s method of redescription via metaphor is presented.
Organizational structure; organization studies; jazz; metaphor; creativity
FÓRUM
Explorando os espaços vazios: jazz e estrutura organizacional
Mary Jo Hatch
Professora da McIntire School of Commerce (University of Virginia). E-mail: mjhatch@virginia.edu
RESUMO
Este artigo utiliza-se do jazz como um veículo metafórico para redescrever o conceito de estrutura organizacional de forma adequada ao vocabulário emergente dos estudos organizacionais. É apresentada uma descrição de alguns elementos básicos da performance do jazz solo, acompanhamento, trading fours, pergunta e resposta, groove e sensibilidade , sustentando a redescrição da estrutura organizacional como sendo ambígua, emocional e temporal. De maneira reflexiva, o artigo não somente demonstra os conceitos aos quais se refere, mas apresenta uma performance, a exemplo do jazz, do método de Rorty da redescrição por meio da metáfora.
Palavras-chave: Estrutura organizacional, estudos organizacionais, jazz, metáfora, criatividade.
ABSTRACT
This paper uses jazz as a metaphoric vehicle for redescribing the concept of organizational structure in ways that fit within the emerging vocabulary of organization studies. The metaphoric comparison begins with a description of some basic elements of jazz performance soloing, comping, trading fours, listening and responding, groove and feel and builds on those to redescribe organizational structure as ambiguous, emotional, and temporal. In reflexive fashion, this concept is not only demonstrated, but a jazz-like performance of Rorty’s method of redescription via metaphor is presented.
Key words: Organizational structure, organization studies, jazz, metaphor, creativity.
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Full text available only in PDF format.
REFERÊNCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS
ADAMS, J. L. Conceptual blockbusting: a guide to better ideas. 3. ed. Reading, MA : Addison Wesley, 1990.
ALBROW, M. Sine ire et studio or: do organizations have feelings?. Organization Studies, v. 13, n. 3, p.313-330, 1992.
ALVESSON, M. Organization: from substance to image. Organization Studies, v. 11, n. 3, p. 373-394, 1990.
ASHFORTH, B. HUMPHREY, R. Emotion in the workplace: a reappraisal. Human Relations, v. 48, n. 2, p. 97-126, 1995.
BARRETT, F. Creativity and improvisation in jazz and organizations: implications for organizational learning. Organization Science, v. 9, n. 5, p. 605-622, s.d.
BASTIEN, D. T., HOSTAGER, T. J. Jazz as a process of organizational innovation. Communication Research, n. 15, p. 582-602, 1988.
BASTIEN, D. T., HOSTAGER, T. J. Cooperation as communicative accomplishment: a symbolic interaction analysis of an improvised jazz concert. Communication Studies, n. 43, p. 92-104, Summer, 1992.
BERLINER, P. F. Thinking in jazz: the infinite art of improvisation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.
BODEN, D. The business of talk: organizations in action. Cambridge : Polity Press, 1994.
BOJE, D. M., GEPHART, R. P. Jr., THATCHENKERY, T. J. (Eds.) Postmodern management and organization theory. Thousand Oaks : Sage, 1996.
BOURDIEU, P. Outline of a theory of practice. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1977.
BURRELL, G. Pandemonium: towards a retro organization theory. London : Sage, 1997.
COOPER, R., BURRELL, G. Modernism, postmodernism, and organizational analysis: an introduction. Organization Studies, v. 9, n. 1, p. 91-112, 1988.
CROSSAN, M., SORRENTI, M. Making sense of improvisation. Advances in Strategic Management, v. 14, p. 155-180, 1997.
CSIKSZENTMIHALYI, M. Flow: the psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper and Row, 1990.
DAINTY, P., LUCAS, D. Clarifying the confusion: a practical framework for evaluating outdoor development programmes for managers. Management Education and Development, v. 22, n. 2, p. 106-122, 1992.
DAVIDSON, D. What metaphors mean. In: DAVIDSON, D. Inquiries into truth and interpretation. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. p. 245-264.
DUBINSKAS, F. A. (Ed.) Making time: ethnographies of high-technology organizations. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1988.
EISENBERG, E. M. Ambiguity as strategy in organizational communication. Communication Monographs, n. 51, p. 237-242, 1984.
EISENBERG, E. M. Jamming: transcendence through organizing. Communication Research, v. 17, n. 2, p. 139-164, 1990.
FELDMAN, M. The meanings of ambiguity: learning from stories and metaphors. In: FROST, P. J. et al. (Eds.). Reframing organizational culture. Newbury Park : Sage, 1991. p. 145-156.
FINEMAN, S. (Ed.) Emotion in organizations. London : Sage, 1993.
GAGLIARDI, P. Artifacts and pathways and remains of organizational life. In: GAGLIARDI, (Ed.) Symbols and artifacts: views of the corporate landscape. New York : Aldine de Gruyter, 1990. p. 3-38.
GAGLIARDI, P. Exploring the aesthetic side of organizational life. In: CLEGG, S. R., HARDY, C., NORD, W. R. (Eds.) Handbook of organization studies. London: Sage, 1996. p. 565-580.
GERGEN, K. Organization theory in the postmodern era. In: REED, M., HUGHES, M. (Eds.) Rethinking organizations: new directions in organization theory and analysis. London : Sage, 1992. p. 209-226.
GERSICK, C. Time and transition in work teams: toward a new model of group development. Academy of Management Journal, n. 31, p. 9-41, 1988.
GERSICK, C. Marking time: predictable transitions in task groups. Academy of Management Journal, n. 32, p. 274-309, 1989.
GERSICK, C. Pacing strategic change: the case of a new venture. Academy of Management Journal, n. 37, p. 9- 45, 1994.
GHERARDI, S., STRATI, A. The temporal dimension in organizational studies. Organization Studies, v. 9, n. 2, p. 149-164, 1988.
GIDDENS, A. Central problems in social theory: action, structure and contradictions in social analysis. London : Macmillan, 1979.
GIDDENS, A. The constitution of society: outline of the theory of structuration. Berkeley : University of California Press, 1984.
HASSARD, J. Aspects of time in organization. Human Relations, v. 44, n. 2, p. 105-125, 1991.
HASSARD, J. Exploring the terrain of modernism and postmodernism in organization theory. In: BOJE, D. M., GEPHART, R. P. THATCHENKERY, T. J. (Eds.) Postmodern management and organization theory. Thousand Oaks : Sage, 1996a. p. 45-59.
HASSARD, J. Images of time in work and organization. In: CLEGG, S. R., HARDY, C., NORD, W. R. (Eds.) Handbook of organization studies . London : Sage. 1996b. p. 581-598.
HASSARD, J., PARKER, M. Postmodernism and organizations. London : Sage, 1993.
HATCH, M. J. The dynamics of organizational culture. Academy of Management Review, v. 18, n. 4, p. 657-693, 1993.
HATCH, M. J. Jazzing up the theory of organizational improvisation. Advances in Strategic Management, n. 14, v. 181-191, 1997.
HATCH, M. J., SCHULTZ, M. Relations between organizational culture, identity and image. European Journal of Marketing, n. 31, p. 356-365, 1997.
HESSE, M. The explanatory function of metaphor. In: HESSE, M. Revolutions and reconstructions in the philosophy of science. Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 1980.
HOCHSCHILD, A. R. The managed heart. Berkeley : University of California Press, 1983.
HOPFL, H., LINSTEAD, S. Learning to feel and feeling to learn: emotion and learning in organizations. Management Learning, n. 28, p. 5-12, 1997.
IMAI, K., NONAKA, I., TAKEUCHI, H. Managing the new product development process: how Japanese companies learn and unlearn. In: TUSHMAN, M. L., MOORE, W. L. (Eds.) Readings in the management of innovation. 2. ed. Cambridge : Ballinger, 1988. p. 337-381.
JACQUES, E. The form of time. New York : Crane Russak, 1982.
MARCH, J. G. The technology of foolishness. In: MARCH, J. G., OLSEN, J. P. (Eds.) Ambiguity and choice in organizations. Bergen : Universitetsforlaget, 1976. p. 69-81.
MARCH, J. G., OLSEN, J. P. Organizational choice under ambiguity. In: MARCH, J. G., OLSEN, J. P. (Eds.) Ambiguity and choice in organizations. Bergen : Universitetsforlaget, 1976. p. 10-23.
MEYERSON, D. “Normal” ambiguity? In: FROST, P. J. et al. (Eds.) Reframing organizational culture . Newbury Park : Sage, 1991. p. 131-144.
MINTZBERG, H., RAISINGHANI, D., THEORET, A. The structure of unstructured decision processes. Administrative Science Quarterly, n. 21, p. 246-275, 1976.
MORGAN, G. Images of organization. Newbury Park : Sage, 1986.
PETTIGREW, A. M. Context and action in the transformation of the firm. Journal of Management Studies, n. 24, p. 649-670, 1987.
PETTIGREW, A. M., WHIPP, R. Managing change for competitive success. Oxford : Basil Blackwell, 1991.
RAFAELI, A., SUTTON, R. The expression of emotion in organizational life. In: CUMMINGS, L. L., STAW, B. M. (Eds.) Research in organizational behavior. v. 11. n. 142. Greenwich : JAI Press, 1989.
RANSON, S. HININGS, GREENWOOD, R. The structuring of organizational structures. Administrative Science Quarterly, n. 25, p. 1-17, 1980.
REED, M. I. In praise of duality and dualism: rethinking agency and structure in organizational analysis. Organization Studies, v. 18, n. 1, p. 21-42, 1997.
REED, M. I., HUGHES, M. (Eds.) Rethinking organizations: new directions in organization theory and analysis. London : Sage, 1992.
RICOEUR, P. Time and narrative . v. 1. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1984.
RORTY, R. Contingency, irony and solidarity. New York : Cambridge University Press, 1989.
SCHULTZ, M. Postmodern pictures of organizational culture. International Studies of Management and Organization IS-35, Summer, 1992.
WEICK, K. E. Organized improvisation: 20 years of organizing. Communication Studies, n. 40, p. 241-248, 1989.
WEICK, K. E. Organizational redesign as improvisation. In: HUBER, G. P., GLICK, W. H. (Eds.) Organizational change and redesign: ideas and insights for improving performance. New York : Oxford University Press, 1993. p. 346-379.
WEICK, K. E. Sensemaking in organizations. Newbury Park : Sage, 1995.
WEICK, K. E. Improvisation as a mindset for organizational analysis. Organization Science, v. 9, n. 5, p. 540-555, 1998.
- ADAMS, J. L. Conceptual blockbusting: a guide to better ideas. 3. ed. Reading, MA : Addison Wesley, 1990.
- ALBROW, M. Sine ire et studio or: do organizations have feelings?. Organization Studies, v. 13, n. 3, p.313-330, 1992.
- ALVESSON, M. Organization: from substance to image. Organization Studies, v. 11, n. 3, p. 373-394, 1990.
- ASHFORTH, B. HUMPHREY, R. Emotion in the workplace: a reappraisal. Human Relations, v. 48, n. 2, p. 97-126, 1995.
- BARRETT, F. Creativity and improvisation in jazz and organizations: implications for organizational learning. Organization Science, v. 9, n. 5, p. 605-622, s.d.
- BASTIEN, D. T., HOSTAGER, T. J. Jazz as a process of organizational innovation. Communication Research, n. 15, p. 582-602, 1988.
- BASTIEN, D. T., HOSTAGER, T. J. Cooperation as communicative accomplishment: a symbolic interaction analysis of an improvised jazz concert. Communication Studies, n. 43, p. 92-104, Summer, 1992.
- BERLINER, P. F. Thinking in jazz: the infinite art of improvisation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994.
- BODEN, D. The business of talk: organizations in action. Cambridge : Polity Press, 1994.
- BOJE, D. M., GEPHART, R. P. Jr., THATCHENKERY, T. J. (Eds.) Postmodern management and organization theory Thousand Oaks : Sage, 1996.
- BOURDIEU, P. Outline of a theory of practice Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1977.
- BURRELL, G. Pandemonium: towards a retro organization theory. London : Sage, 1997.
- COOPER, R., BURRELL, G. Modernism, postmodernism, and organizational analysis: an introduction. Organization Studies, v. 9, n. 1, p. 91-112, 1988.
- CROSSAN, M., SORRENTI, M. Making sense of improvisation. Advances in Strategic Management, v. 14, p. 155-180, 1997.
- CSIKSZENTMIHALYI, M. Flow: the psychology of optimal experience. New York: Harper and Row, 1990.
- DAINTY, P., LUCAS, D. Clarifying the confusion: a practical framework for evaluating outdoor development programmes for managers. Management Education and Development, v. 22, n. 2, p. 106-122, 1992.
- DAVIDSON, D. What metaphors mean. In: DAVIDSON, D. Inquiries into truth and interpretation Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1984. p. 245-264.
- DUBINSKAS, F. A. (Ed.) Making time: ethnographies of high-technology organizations. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1988.
- EISENBERG, E. M. Ambiguity as strategy in organizational communication. Communication Monographs, n. 51, p. 237-242, 1984.
- EISENBERG, E. M. Jamming: transcendence through organizing. Communication Research, v. 17, n. 2, p. 139-164, 1990.
- FELDMAN, M. The meanings of ambiguity: learning from stories and metaphors. In: FROST, P. J. et al. (Eds.). Reframing organizational culture Newbury Park : Sage, 1991. p. 145-156.
- FINEMAN, S. (Ed.) Emotion in organizations London : Sage, 1993.
- GAGLIARDI, P. Artifacts and pathways and remains of organizational life. In: GAGLIARDI, (Ed.) Symbols and artifacts: views of the corporate landscape. New York : Aldine de Gruyter, 1990. p. 3-38.
- GAGLIARDI, P. Exploring the aesthetic side of organizational life. In: CLEGG, S. R., HARDY, C., NORD, W. R. (Eds.) Handbook of organization studies London: Sage, 1996. p. 565-580.
- GERGEN, K. Organization theory in the postmodern era. In: REED, M., HUGHES, M. (Eds.) Rethinking organizations: new directions in organization theory and analysis. London : Sage, 1992. p. 209-226.
- GERSICK, C. Time and transition in work teams: toward a new model of group development. Academy of Management Journal, n. 31, p. 9-41, 1988.
- GERSICK, C. Marking time: predictable transitions in task groups. Academy of Management Journal, n. 32, p. 274-309, 1989.
- GERSICK, C. Pacing strategic change: the case of a new venture. Academy of Management Journal, n. 37, p. 9- 45, 1994.
- GHERARDI, S., STRATI, A. The temporal dimension in organizational studies. Organization Studies, v. 9, n. 2, p. 149-164, 1988.
- GIDDENS, A. Central problems in social theory: action, structure and contradictions in social analysis. London : Macmillan, 1979.
- GIDDENS, A. The constitution of society: outline of the theory of structuration Berkeley : University of California Press, 1984.
- HASSARD, J. Aspects of time in organization. Human Relations, v. 44, n. 2, p. 105-125, 1991.
- HASSARD, J. Exploring the terrain of modernism and postmodernism in organization theory. In: BOJE, D. M., GEPHART, R. P. THATCHENKERY, T. J. (Eds.) Postmodern management and organization theory Thousand Oaks : Sage, 1996a. p. 45-59.
- HASSARD, J. Images of time in work and organization. In: CLEGG, S. R., HARDY, C., NORD, W. R. (Eds.) Handbook of organization studies . London : Sage. 1996b. p. 581-598.
- HASSARD, J., PARKER, M. Postmodernism and organizations London : Sage, 1993.
- HATCH, M. J. The dynamics of organizational culture. Academy of Management Review, v. 18, n. 4, p. 657-693, 1993.
- HATCH, M. J. Jazzing up the theory of organizational improvisation. Advances in Strategic Management, n. 14, v. 181-191, 1997.
- HATCH, M. J., SCHULTZ, M. Relations between organizational culture, identity and image. European Journal of Marketing, n. 31, p. 356-365, 1997.
- HESSE, M. The explanatory function of metaphor. In: HESSE, M. Revolutions and reconstructions in the philosophy of science Bloomington : Indiana University Press, 1980.
- HOCHSCHILD, A. R. The managed heart Berkeley : University of California Press, 1983.
- HOPFL, H., LINSTEAD, S. Learning to feel and feeling to learn: emotion and learning in organizations. Management Learning, n. 28, p. 5-12, 1997.
- IMAI, K., NONAKA, I., TAKEUCHI, H. Managing the new product development process: how Japanese companies learn and unlearn. In: TUSHMAN, M. L., MOORE, W. L. (Eds.) Readings in the management of innovation 2. ed. Cambridge : Ballinger, 1988. p. 337-381.
- JACQUES, E. The form of time New York : Crane Russak, 1982.
- MARCH, J. G. The technology of foolishness. In: MARCH, J. G., OLSEN, J. P. (Eds.) Ambiguity and choice in organizations. Bergen : Universitetsforlaget, 1976. p. 69-81.
- MARCH, J. G., OLSEN, J. P. Organizational choice under ambiguity. In: MARCH, J. G., OLSEN, J. P. (Eds.) Ambiguity and choice in organizations Bergen : Universitetsforlaget, 1976. p. 10-23.
- MINTZBERG, H., RAISINGHANI, D., THEORET, A. The structure of unstructured decision processes. Administrative Science Quarterly, n. 21, p. 246-275, 1976.
- MORGAN, G. Images of organization Newbury Park : Sage, 1986.
- PETTIGREW, A. M. Context and action in the transformation of the firm. Journal of Management Studies, n. 24, p. 649-670, 1987.
- PETTIGREW, A. M., WHIPP, R. Managing change for competitive success Oxford : Basil Blackwell, 1991.
- RAFAELI, A., SUTTON, R. The expression of emotion in organizational life. In: CUMMINGS, L. L., STAW, B. M. (Eds.) Research in organizational behavior v. 11. n. 142. Greenwich : JAI Press, 1989.
- RANSON, S. HININGS, GREENWOOD, R. The structuring of organizational structures. Administrative Science Quarterly, n. 25, p. 1-17, 1980.
- REED, M. I. In praise of duality and dualism: rethinking agency and structure in organizational analysis. Organization Studies, v. 18, n. 1, p. 21-42, 1997.
- REED, M. I., HUGHES, M. (Eds.) Rethinking organizations: new directions in organization theory and analysis. London : Sage, 1992.
- RICOEUR, P. Time and narrative . v. 1. Chicago : University of Chicago Press, 1984.
- RORTY, R. Contingency, irony and solidarity New York : Cambridge University Press, 1989.
- SCHULTZ, M. Postmodern pictures of organizational culture International Studies of Management and Organization IS-35, Summer, 1992.
- WEICK, K. E. Organized improvisation: 20 years of organizing. Communication Studies, n. 40, p. 241-248, 1989.
- WEICK, K. E. Organizational redesign as improvisation. In: HUBER, G. P., GLICK, W. H. (Eds.) Organizational change and redesign: ideas and insights for improving performance. New York : Oxford University Press, 1993. p. 346-379.
- WEICK, K. E. Sensemaking in organizations Newbury Park : Sage, 1995.
- WEICK, K. E. Improvisation as a mindset for organizational analysis. Organization Science, v. 9, n. 5, p. 540-555, 1998.
Datas de Publicação
-
Publicação nesta coleção
15 Fev 2011 -
Data do Fascículo
Set 2002