Lysotypes and plasmidial profile of Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium isolated from children with enteric processes in the cities of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, and Salvador, BA - Brazil

Asensi, Marise Dutra; Costa, Arudy Penna; Reis, Eliane Moura Falavina dos; Hofer, Ernesto

doi:10.1590/S0036-46651995000400003

Abstracts

The lysotypes, plasmidial profiles, and profiles of resistance to antimicrobial agents were determined in 111 Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from feces and blood of children treated in Rio de Janeiro and in Salvador. Six distinct lysotypes (19, 41, 97, 105, 120 and 193) were recognized, with a predominance of lysotype 193 (59.7%) in Rio de Janeiro and of phage type 105 (38.4) in Salvador. Approximately 86.7% of the lysotype 193 strains presented multiple resistance to more than six antimicrobial agents, whereas 93% of lysotype 105 strains were fully susceptible. More than 90% of the strains presented plasmids distributed into 36 different profiles in Rio de Janeiro and into 10 profiles in Salvador. A 40 MDa plasmid was the most frequent (47%) in the strains from Rio de Janeiro, whereas a 61 MDa plasmid predominated (14.5%) in Salvador. Combined analysis of plasmid profile and classification into lysotypes (especially those belonging to types 105 and 103, proved to be more discriminatory than the other methods applied).

Salmonella; Lysotypes; Resistance to antimicrobial agents; Plasmidial profile

Os lisotipos e os perfis de resistência a antimicrobianos e plasmidial foram caracterizados em 111 amostras de Salmonella Typhimurium isoladas de fezes e sangue de crianças atendidas nas cidades do Rio de Janeiro e Salvador. A lisotipia evidenciou seis tipos fágicos distintos (19, 41, 97, 105, 120 e 193) com uma predominância do lisotipo 193 (59,7%) na primeira cidade e do fagotipo 105 (38,4) na segunda. Cerca de 86,7% das amostras do lisotipo 193 apresentaram resistência múltipla para mais de seis antimicrobianos, enquanto que 93,3% de 105 foram totalmente sensíveis. Em mais de 90% das amostras, verificou-se a presença de plasmídios, distribuídos em 39 perfis diferentes nas do Rio de Janeiro e 10 nas de Salvador. Predominou o plasmídio de 40 MDa nas amostras do Rio de Janeiro (47%), enquanto o de 61 MDa (14,4%) prevaleceu em Salvador. A associação da análise do perfil plasmidial com a fagotipagem, principalmente naqueles pertencentes aos lisotipos 105 e 193, comprovou ser mais discriminatória que os outros métodos aplicados.

MICROBIOLOGY

Lysotypes and plasmidial profile of Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium isolated from children with enteric processes in the cities of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, and Salvador, BA - Brazil

Lisotipos e perfil plasmidial de Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium isoladas de processos entéricos infantis nas Cidades do Rio de Janeiro, RJ e Salvador, BA - Brasil

Marise Dutra Asensi^I; Arudy Penna Costa^II; Eliane Moura Falavina dos Reis^I; Ernesto Hofer^I

^IDepartamento de Bacteriologia, Institute Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

^IIInstituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, BA, Brasil

^{Correspondence to} Correspondence to: Dr. Marise Dutra Asensi Departamento de Bacteriologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ Av. Brasil, 4365 21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

SUMMARY

The lysotypes, plasmidial profiles, and profiles of resistance to antimicrobial agents were determined in 111 Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from feces and blood of children treated in Rio de Janeiro and in Salvador. Six distinct lysotypes (19, 41, 97, 105, 120 and 193) were recognized, with a predominance of lysotype 193 (59.7%) in Rio de Janeiro and of phage type 105 (38.4) in Salvador. Approximately 86.7% of the lysotype 193 strains presented multiple resistance to more than six antimicrobial agents, whereas 93% of lysotype 105 strains were fully susceptible. More than 90% of the strains presented plasmids distributed into 36 different profiles in Rio de Janeiro and into 10 profiles in Salvador. A 40 MDa plasmid was the most frequent (47%) in the strains from Rio de Janeiro, whereas a 61 MDa plasmid predominated (14.5%) in Salvador. Combined analysis of plasmid profile and classification into lysotypes (especially those belonging to types 105 and 103, proved to be more discriminatory than the other methods applied).

Keywords:Salmonella; Lysotypes; Resistance to antimicrobial agents; Plasmidial profile.

RESUMO

Os lisotipos e os perfis de resistência a antimicrobianos e plasmidial foram caracterizados em 111 amostras de Salmonella Typhimurium isoladas de fezes e sangue de crianças atendidas nas cidades do Rio de Janeiro e Salvador. A lisotipia evidenciou seis tipos fágicos distintos (19, 41, 97, 105, 120 e 193) com uma predominância do lisotipo 193 (59,7%) na primeira cidade e do fagotipo 105 (38,4) na segunda. Cerca de 86,7% das amostras do lisotipo 193 apresentaram resistência múltipla para mais de seis antimicrobianos, enquanto que 93,3% de 105 foram totalmente sensíveis.

Em mais de 90% das amostras, verificou-se a presença de plasmídios, distribuídos em 39 perfis diferentes nas do Rio de Janeiro e 10 nas de Salvador. Predominou o plasmídio de 40 MDa nas amostras do Rio de Janeiro (47%), enquanto o de 61 MDa (14,4%) prevaleceu em Salvador.

A associação da análise do perfil plasmidial com a fagotipagem, principalmente naqueles pertencentes aos lisotipos 105 e 193, comprovou ser mais discriminatória que os outros métodos aplicados.

Full text available only in PDF format.

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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

We are indebted to Dr. Linda Ward, Central Public Health Laboratory, London, for lysotype determination, to Prof. Luis Carlos de Souza Ferreira and Dr. José Cavalcante de Albuquerque Ribeiro Dias for genetic consulting.

Recebido para publicação em 21/10/1994

Aceito para publicação em 06/07/1995

References

1. ANDERSON, E.S.; WARD, L.R.; SAXE, M.J. & De SÁ, J.D.H. - Bacteriophage-typing designations of Salmonella typhimurium. J. Hyg. (Lond.), 79: 297-300, 1977.
2. BAIRD, G.D.; MANNING, E.J. & JONES, P.W. - Evidence for related virulence sequences in plasmids of Salmonella dublin and Salmonella typhimurium. J. gen. Microbiol., 131: 1815-1823, 1985.
3. BARKER, R. & OLD, D.C. - Phage type/biolype groups of Salmonella typhimurium in Scotland 1974-6: variation during spread of epidemic clones. J. Hyg. (Lond.), 84: 115-125, 1980.
4. BIRNBOIM, H.C. & DOLY, J. - A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucl. Acids Res., 7: 1513-1523, 1979.
5. BRUNNER, F.; MARGADANT, A.; PEDUZI, R. & PIFFARETTI, J.C. - The plasmid pattern as an epidemiologic tool for Salmonella typhimurium epidemics: comparison with the lysotype. J. infect. Dis., 148: 7-11, 1983.
6. CALZADA, C.T.; NEME, S.N.; IRINO, K. et al. - Sorotipos de Salmonella identificados no período I977-1982, no Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Săo Paulo, Brasil. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz, 44: 1-18, 1984.
7. CHALKER, R.B. & BLASER, M.J. - A review of human Salmonellosis. III. Magnitude of Salmonella infection in the United States. Rev. infect. Dis., 10: 111-123, 1988.
8. COSTA, G.A. & HOFER, E. - Isolamento e identificaçăo de enterobactérias. Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 1972.
9. EWING, W.H. - Edwards and Ewing's identification of Enterobacteriaceae. 4. ed. New York, Elsevier, 1986.
10. FANTASIA, M.; RICCI, N.; MANUPELLA, A. et al. - Phage type DNA plasmid profile oí Salmonella typhimurium isolates in area of Isernia, Italy. Epidem. Infect., 105: 317-323, 1990.
11. FARHOUDI-MOGHADDAM, A.A.; KATOULI, M.; JAFARI, A. et al. - Antimicrobial drug resistance factor transfer among clinical isolates of Salmonellae in Iran. Scand. J. infect. Dis., 22: 197-203, 1990.
12. HOFER, E. - Consideraçőes sobre a freqüęncia de soroti-pos de Salmonella na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 72: 63-72, 1974.
13. HOFER, E.; ANDERSON, E.S.; MACHADO, J.D.C. et al. - Consideraçőes ecológicas e epidemiológicas sobre a sudivisăo de Salmonella typhimurium em lisotipos e biotipos. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE MICROBIOLOGIA, 10, Rio de Janeiro, 1979.
14. HOLMBERG, S.D.; WACHSMUTH, I.K.; HICKMAN-BRENNER, F.W. & COHEN, M.L. - Comparison of plasmid profile analysis, phage typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in characterizing Salmonella typhimurium isolates from outbreaks. J. clin. Microbiol., 19: 100-104, 1984.
15. JONES, C.S. & OSBORNE, D.J. - Identification of contemporary plasmid virulence genes in ancestral isolates of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 80: 7-12, 1991.
16. JONES, G.W.; RABERT, D.K.; SVINARICH, D.M. & WHITFIELD, H.J. - Association of adhesive, invasive, and virulent phenotypes of Salmonella typhimurium with autonomous 60- megadalton plasmids. Infect. Immun., 38: 476-486, 1982.
17. KAUFFMANN, F. - Enterobacteriaceae. 2 ed. Copenhagen, E. Munksgard, 1954.
18. LEAL, M.C.; CAVALCANTI, T.I.R.; SILVA, M.J.B. et al. - Freqüęncia de enterobactérias patogęnicas em processos diarréicos infantis na cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 83: 475-479, 1988.
19. Le MINOR, L. - Typing of Salmonella species. Europ. J. clin. Microbiol. infect. Dis., 7: 214-218,1988.
20. LING, J.; CHAU, P.Y. & ROWE, B. - Salmonella serotypcs and incidence of multiply-resistant Salmonellae isolated from diarrhoeal patients in Hong Kong from 1973-1982. Epidem. Infect., 99: 295-306, 1987.
21. MACRINA, F.L.; KOPECKO, D.J.; JONES, K.R.; MAYERS, D.J. & McCOWAN, S.M. - A multiple plasmid-containing Escherichia coli strain: convenient source of size reference plasmid molecules. Plasmid, 1: 417-420, 1978.
22. MAGALHĂES, M.; VÉRAS, A. & DÂMASO, Â. - Resistęncia transmissível ŕ gentamicina em estirpes multirresistentes de Salmonella typhimurium. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo, 17: 272-276, 1975.
23. NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR CLINICAL LABORATORY STANDARDS - Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. Approved standard. NCCLS Publication M2-A3, 1984.
24. PESSÔA, G.V.A.; IRINO, K.; MELLES, C.E.A. et al. - Ocorręncia de bactérias enteropatogęnicas em Săo Paulo, no septęnio 1970-1976. II. O surto epidęmico de Salmonella typhimurium em Săo Paulo. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz,38: I07-127, 1978.
25. PLATT, D.J. & BROWN, D.J. - The distribution of plasmids among a representative collection of Scottish strains of Salmonella. J. Hyg. (Lond.), 97: 199-204, 1986.
26. PLATT, D.J.; BROWN, D.J.; OLD, D.C. et al - Old and new techniques together resolve a problem of infection by Salmonella typhimurium. Epidem. Infect., 99: 137-142, 1987.
27. RILEY, L.W.; DiFERNANDO, G.T.; DeMELFI, T.M. & COHEN, M.L. - Evaluation of isolated cases of salmonellosis by plasmid profile analysis: introduction and transmission of a bacterial clone by precooked roast beef. J. infect. Dis., 148: 12-17, 1983.
28. RIVERA, M.J.; RIVERA, N.; CASTILLO, J.; RUBIO, M.C. & GÓMEZ-LUS, R. - Molecular and epidemiological study of Salmonella clinical isolates. J. clin. Microbiol., 29: 927-932, 1991.
29. SAMBROOK, J.; FRITSCH, E.F. & MANIATIS, T. - Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. 2 ed. New York, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1989. p. 1.25-1.28.
30. SORENSEN, M.; BROWN, D.J.; B1SGAARD, M.; HANSEN, H.C. & OLSEN, J.E. - Plasmid profiles of Salmonella enterica serovar Berta isolated from broilers in Denmark. Acta path, microbiol, immunol. scand., 99: 609-614, 1991.
31. THRELLFALL, E.J.; ROWE, B.; FERGUNSON, J.L. & WARD, L.R. - Characterization of plasmids conferring resistance to gentamicin and apramycin in strains of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 204C isolated in Britain. J. Hyg. (Lond.), 97: 419-426, 1986.
32. THRELLFALL, E.J.; FROST, J.A.; WARD, L.R. & ROWE, B. - Plasmid profile typing can be used to subdivide phage-type 49 of Salmonella typhimurium in outbreak investigations. Epidem. Infect., 104: 243-251, 1990.
33. VINHAS, S.A. & ALMEIDA, D.F. - Plasmid-mediated resistance and colicinogeny among Salmonellae in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. An. Acad. bras. Cięnc., 56: 319-322, 1984.

Correspondence to:

Dr. Marise Dutra Asensi

Departamento de Bacteriologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ

Av. Brasil, 4365

21045-900 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
21 Sept 2006
Date of issue
Aug 1995

History

Received
21 Oct 1994
Accepted
06 July 1995

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. ANDERSON, E.S.; WARD, L.R.; SAXE, M.J. & De SÁ, J.D.H. - Bacteriophage-typing designations of Salmonella typhimurium. J. Hyg. (Lond.), 79: 297-300, 1977.

[2] 2. BAIRD, G.D.; MANNING, E.J. & JONES, P.W. - Evidence for related virulence sequences in plasmids of Salmonella dublin and Salmonella typhimurium. J. gen. Microbiol., 131: 1815-1823, 1985.

[3] 3. BARKER, R. & OLD, D.C. - Phage type/biolype groups of Salmonella typhimurium in Scotland 1974-6: variation during spread of epidemic clones. J. Hyg. (Lond.), 84: 115-125, 1980.

[4] 4. BIRNBOIM, H.C. & DOLY, J. - A rapid alkaline extraction procedure for screening recombinant plasmid DNA. Nucl. Acids Res., 7: 1513-1523, 1979.

[5] 5. BRUNNER, F.; MARGADANT, A.; PEDUZI, R. & PIFFARETTI, J.C. - The plasmid pattern as an epidemiologic tool for Salmonella typhimurium epidemics: comparison with the lysotype. J. infect. Dis., 148: 7-11, 1983.

[6] 6. CALZADA, C.T.; NEME, S.N.; IRINO, K. et al. - Sorotipos de Salmonella identificados no período I977-1982, no Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Săo Paulo, Brasil. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz, 44: 1-18, 1984.

[7] 7. CHALKER, R.B. & BLASER, M.J. - A review of human Salmonellosis. III. Magnitude of Salmonella infection in the United States. Rev. infect. Dis., 10: 111-123, 1988.

[8] 8. COSTA, G.A. & HOFER, E. - Isolamento e identificaçăo de enterobactérias. Rio de Janeiro, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, 1972.

[9] 9. EWING, W.H. - Edwards and Ewing's identification of Enterobacteriaceae. 4. ed. New York, Elsevier, 1986.

[10] 10. FANTASIA, M.; RICCI, N.; MANUPELLA, A. et al. - Phage type DNA plasmid profile oí Salmonella typhimurium isolates in area of Isernia, Italy. Epidem. Infect., 105: 317-323, 1990.

[11] 11. FARHOUDI-MOGHADDAM, A.A.; KATOULI, M.; JAFARI, A. et al. - Antimicrobial drug resistance factor transfer among clinical isolates of Salmonellae in Iran. Scand. J. infect. Dis., 22: 197-203, 1990.

[12] 12. HOFER, E. - Consideraçőes sobre a freqüęncia de soroti-pos de Salmonella na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 72: 63-72, 1974.

[13] 13. HOFER, E.; ANDERSON, E.S.; MACHADO, J.D.C. et al. - Consideraçőes ecológicas e epidemiológicas sobre a sudivisăo de Salmonella typhimurium em lisotipos e biotipos. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE MICROBIOLOGIA, 10, Rio de Janeiro, 1979.

[14] 14. HOLMBERG, S.D.; WACHSMUTH, I.K.; HICKMAN-BRENNER, F.W. & COHEN, M.L. - Comparison of plasmid profile analysis, phage typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing in characterizing Salmonella typhimurium isolates from outbreaks. J. clin. Microbiol., 19: 100-104, 1984.

[15] 15. JONES, C.S. & OSBORNE, D.J. - Identification of contemporary plasmid virulence genes in ancestral isolates of Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium. FEMS Microbiol. Lett., 80: 7-12, 1991.

[16] 16. JONES, G.W.; RABERT, D.K.; SVINARICH, D.M. & WHITFIELD, H.J. - Association of adhesive, invasive, and virulent phenotypes of Salmonella typhimurium with autonomous 60- megadalton plasmids. Infect. Immun., 38: 476-486, 1982.

[17] 17. KAUFFMANN, F. - Enterobacteriaceae. 2 ed. Copenhagen, E. Munksgard, 1954.

[18] 18. LEAL, M.C.; CAVALCANTI, T.I.R.; SILVA, M.J.B. et al. - Freqüęncia de enterobactérias patogęnicas em processos diarréicos infantis na cidade do Recife, Pernambuco, Brasil. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz, 83: 475-479, 1988.

[19] 19. Le MINOR, L. - Typing of Salmonella species. Europ. J. clin. Microbiol. infect. Dis., 7: 214-218,1988.

[20] 20. LING, J.; CHAU, P.Y. & ROWE, B. - Salmonella serotypcs and incidence of multiply-resistant Salmonellae isolated from diarrhoeal patients in Hong Kong from 1973-1982. Epidem. Infect., 99: 295-306, 1987.

[21] 21. MACRINA, F.L.; KOPECKO, D.J.; JONES, K.R.; MAYERS, D.J. & McCOWAN, S.M. - A multiple plasmid-containing Escherichia coli strain: convenient source of size reference plasmid molecules. Plasmid, 1: 417-420, 1978.

[22] 22. MAGALHĂES, M.; VÉRAS, A. & DÂMASO, Â. - Resistęncia transmissível ŕ gentamicina em estirpes multirresistentes de Salmonella typhimurium. Rev. Inst. Med. trop. S. Paulo, 17: 272-276, 1975.

[23] 23. NATIONAL COMMITTEE FOR CLINICAL LABORATORY STANDARDS - Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. Approved standard. NCCLS Publication M2-A3, 1984.

[24] 24. PESSÔA, G.V.A.; IRINO, K.; MELLES, C.E.A. et al. - Ocorręncia de bactérias enteropatogęnicas em Săo Paulo, no septęnio 1970-1976. II. O surto epidęmico de Salmonella typhimurium em Săo Paulo. Rev. Inst. Adolfo Lutz,38: I07-127, 1978.

[25] 25. PLATT, D.J. & BROWN, D.J. - The distribution of plasmids among a representative collection of Scottish strains of Salmonella. J. Hyg. (Lond.), 97: 199-204, 1986.

[26] 26. PLATT, D.J.; BROWN, D.J.; OLD, D.C. et al - Old and new techniques together resolve a problem of infection by Salmonella typhimurium. Epidem. Infect., 99: 137-142, 1987.

[27] 27. RILEY, L.W.; DiFERNANDO, G.T.; DeMELFI, T.M. & COHEN, M.L. - Evaluation of isolated cases of salmonellosis by plasmid profile analysis: introduction and transmission of a bacterial clone by precooked roast beef. J. infect. Dis., 148: 12-17, 1983.

[28] 28. RIVERA, M.J.; RIVERA, N.; CASTILLO, J.; RUBIO, M.C. & GÓMEZ-LUS, R. - Molecular and epidemiological study of Salmonella clinical isolates. J. clin. Microbiol., 29: 927-932, 1991.

[29] 29. SAMBROOK, J.; FRITSCH, E.F. & MANIATIS, T. - Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. 2 ed. New York, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1989. p. 1.25-1.28.

[30] 30. SORENSEN, M.; BROWN, D.J.; B1SGAARD, M.; HANSEN, H.C. & OLSEN, J.E. - Plasmid profiles of Salmonella enterica serovar Berta isolated from broilers in Denmark. Acta path, microbiol, immunol. scand., 99: 609-614, 1991.

[31] 31. THRELLFALL, E.J.; ROWE, B.; FERGUNSON, J.L. & WARD, L.R. - Characterization of plasmids conferring resistance to gentamicin and apramycin in strains of Salmonella typhimurium phage type 204C isolated in Britain. J. Hyg. (Lond.), 97: 419-426, 1986.

[32] 32. THRELLFALL, E.J.; FROST, J.A.; WARD, L.R. & ROWE, B. - Plasmid profile typing can be used to subdivide phage-type 49 of Salmonella typhimurium in outbreak investigations. Epidem. Infect., 104: 243-251, 1990.

[33] 33. VINHAS, S.A. & ALMEIDA, D.F. - Plasmid-mediated resistance and colicinogeny among Salmonellae in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. An. Acad. bras. Cięnc., 56: 319-322, 1984.

Lysotypes and plasmidial profile of Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium isolated from children with enteric processes in the cities of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, and Salvador, BA - Brazil

Lisotipos e perfil plasmidial de Salmonella Serovar Typhimurium isoladas de processos entéricos infantis nas Cidades do Rio de Janeiro, RJ e Salvador, BA - Brasil

Abstracts

References

Publication Dates

History