Comparison of the diel and spatial distribution patterns of ichthyoplankton and ichthyoneuston in the Southeastern Brazilian Bight

Katsuragawa, Mario; Matsuura, Yasunobu

doi:10.1590/S0373-55241990000200003

Abstracts

Fish larvae were collected by neuston and bongo nets, in the Southeastern Brazil, during four océanographie cruises (January 1980; January 1981; October 1981; and March 1982). The results are compared and analyzed in order to study the patterns of diel vertical distributions of fish larvae and to detect sampling problems. Larvae collected with neuston net were quite different in types and size composition, when compared with those collected with bongo net in oblique tows. Clear tendency of stratification in size composition at the uppermost layer can be observed on juveniles ( > 19 mm) of Sardinella brasiliensis which also showed day time avoidance. Most of the neustonic taxa were also caught in the deeper layers, although some groups, e.g. Mugilidae, Mullidae, and Gerreidae, were more abundant at the surface. Density of ichthyoneuston is much higher than those observed in the Northwest Atlantic and number of fish larvae collected during the day by neuston net exceeded that of night samples.

Ichthyoplankton survey; Neuston; Surface microlayer; Sampling; Plankton collecting devices; Vertical distribution; Southeastern Brazilian coast

Larvas de peixes foram coletadas com rede de nêuston e rede bongô, na costa sudeste do Brasil, durante quatro cruzeiros oceanográficos (Jan/1980; Jan/1981; Out/1981; Mar/1982). São estudados os padrões de distribuição diária de larvas e problemas de amostragem. Numa comparação entre coletas de superfície e coletas oblíquas, observam-se diferenças em composição, tanto em termos de espécies como de tamanho de larvas. Pode ser observada uma clara tendência de estratificação por composição de tamanho para Sardinella brasiliensis em que espécimes juvenis (> 19 mm) ocorreram preferencialmente na camada superficial. Estes juvenis também apresentaram maior capacidade de fuga da boca da rede durante o período diurno. A maioria dos táxons de ocorrência neustônica foi também capturada em camadas mais profundas, mas alguns grupos como Mugilidae, Mullidae e Gerreidae predomiram na camada superficial. A densidade do ictionêuston é mais elevada na nossa região do que a observada no Atlântico noroeste, e o numero de larvas de peixes da coleta diuna com rede de nêuston excedeu o da coleta noturna.

Levantamentos do ictioplâncton; Nêuston; Microcamada de superfície; Equipamentos para coleta de plâncton; Distribuição vertical; Brasil: costa sudeste

ARTIGOS

Comparison of the diel and spatial distribution patterns of ichthyoplankton and ichthyoneuston in the Southeastern Brazilian Bight

Mario Katsuragawa; Yasunobu Matsuura

Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo (Caixa Postal 9075, 01051 São Paulo)

ABSTRACT

Fish larvae were collected by neuston and bongo nets, in the Southeastern Brazil, during four océanographie cruises (January 1980; January 1981; October 1981; and March 1982). The results are compared and analyzed in order to study the patterns of diel vertical distributions of fish larvae and to detect sampling problems. Larvae collected with neuston net were quite different in types and size composition, when compared with those collected with bongo net in oblique tows. Clear tendency of stratification in size composition at the uppermost layer can be observed on juveniles ( > 19 mm) of Sardinella brasiliensis which also showed day time avoidance. Most of the neustonic taxa were also caught in the deeper layers, although some groups, e.g. Mugilidae, Mullidae, and Gerreidae, were more abundant at the surface. Density of ichthyoneuston is much higher than those observed in the Northwest Atlantic and number of fish larvae collected during the day by neuston net exceeded that of night samples.

Descriptors: Ichthyoplankton survey, Neuston, Surface microlayer, Sampling, Plankton collecting devices, Vertical distribution, Southeastern Brazilian coast.

RESUMO

Larvas de peixes foram coletadas com rede de nêuston e rede bongô, na costa sudeste do Brasil, durante quatro cruzeiros oceanográficos (Jan/1980; Jan/1981; Out/1981; Mar/1982). São estudados os padrões de distribuição diária de larvas e problemas de amostragem. Numa comparação entre coletas de superfície e coletas oblíquas, observam-se diferenças em composição, tanto em termos de espécies como de tamanho de larvas. Pode ser observada uma clara tendência de estratificação por composição de tamanho para Sardinella brasiliensis em que espécimes juvenis (> 19 mm) ocorreram preferencialmente na camada superficial. Estes juvenis também apresentaram maior capacidade de fuga da boca da rede durante o período diurno. A maioria dos táxons de ocorrência neustônica foi também capturada em camadas mais profundas, mas alguns grupos como Mugilidae, Mullidae e Gerreidae predomiram na camada superficial. A densidade do ictionêuston é mais elevada na nossa região do que a observada no Atlântico noroeste, e o numero de larvas de peixes da coleta diuna com rede de nêuston excedeu o da coleta noturna.

Descritores: Levantamentos do ictioplâncton, Nêuston, Microcamada de superfície, Equipamentos para coleta de plâncton, Distribuição vertical, Brasil: costa sudeste.

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Acknowledgements

Financial support for this investigation came from the Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP). The senior author received the scholarship of the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) and the junior author received the research fellowship of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) during this study.

(Received 14-May-90; accepted 28-Nov-90)

AHLSTROM, E. H. & STEVENS, E. 1975. Report of neuston (surface) collection made on an extended CalCOFI cruise during May 1972. CalCOFI Rept, 18:167-180.
BAKUN, A. & PARRISH, R.H. 1990. Comparative studies of coastal pelagic fish reproductive habitats: the Brazilian sardine (Sardinella aurita). J. Cons, perm. int. Explor. Mer, 46:269-283.
BLAXTER, J.H.S. & HUNTER, J.R. 1982. The biology of the clupeid fishes. Adv. mar. Biol., 79:1-223.
BROWN, D.M. & CHENG, L. 1981. New net for sampling the ocean surface. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 5: 225-227.
BRIDGER, J.P. 1956. On day and night variations in catches of fish larvae. J. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 22(1):42-57.
CHAMPALBERT, G. 1980. Les peuplements de l'écosystème neustonique. Océanis, 6(2):205-211.
DAVID, P.M. 1965. The neuston net: a device for sampling the surface fauna of the ocean. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 45(2)313-320.
ELDRIDGE, P. J.; BERRY, F. H. & MILLER III, M. C, 1978. Diurnal variations in catches of selected species of ichthyoneuston by Boothbay neuston net off Charleston, South Carolina. Fishery Bull, natn. mar. Fish. Serv., U.S., 76(1)295-297.
GRUBER, D.; AHLSTROM, E. H. & MULLIN, M. M., 1982. Distribution of ichthyoplankton in the Southern California Bight. Rept. Calif, coop, ocean. Fish. Invest, 23:172-179.
HARTMANN, J. 1970. Juvenile saury pike (Scomberesox saurus Walb), an example of ichthyoneuston. J. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 33 (2):245-255.
HEMPEL, G. & WEIKERT H. 1972. The neuston of the subtropical and boreal Northeastern Atlantic Ocean, a review. Mar. Biol., 13(1):70-88.
HEWITT, R. 1981. The value of pattern in the distribution of young fish. Rapp. P-v. Reun. Cons, perm. int. Explor. Mer., 178:229-236.
HOLDWAY, P. & MADDOCK, L. 1983a. A comparative survey of neuston: geographical and temporal distribution patterns. Mar.Biol. 76:263-270.
______ & ______ 1983b. Neustonic distributions. Mar. BioL, 77:207-214.
HUNTER, J. R. 1972. Swimming and feeding behavior of larval anchovy Engraulis mordax. Fishery Bull., natn mar. Fish. Serv., U.S., 70(3): 821-838.
______ 1976. Culture and growth of northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax, larvae. Fishery Bull., natn. mar. Fish. Serv., U.S., 74(1):81-88.
______ & SANCHEZ, C. 1976. Diel changes in swim bladder infration of the larvae of the northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax. Fishery Bull., natn. mar. Fish. Serv., U.S., 76(4):847-855.
JOHN, H.-CH. 1981. Ichthyoneuston of Cape Verde Archipelago. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 178:237-239.
KAUFFMAN, T. A.; LINDSAY, J. & LEITHISER, R., 1981. Vertical distribution and food selection of larval atherinids. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm, int. Explor. Mer, 178:342-343.
KRAMER, D.; KALIN, M. J.; STEVENS, E. G.; THAIKILL, J. R. & ZWEIFEL, J. R. 1972. Collecting and processing data on fish eggs and larvae in the California Current region. NOAA Tech. Rept., natn. mar. Fish. Serv. Circ, (370): 1-38.
LEVINTON, J. S. 1982. Marine ecology. New Jersey. Prentice-Hall. 526p.
MATSUO, Y.; NEMOTO, T. & MARUMO, R. 1976. A convertible neuston net for zooplankton. Bull. Plankt. Soc. Japan, 23(1):26-30.
MATSUURA, M. 1983. Estudo comparativo das fases iniciais do ciclo de vida da sardinha-verdadeira, Sardinella brasiliensis e da sardinha-cascuda, Harengula jaguana (Pisces: Clupeidae) e nota sobre a dinâmica da população da sardinha-verdadeira na região sudeste do Brasil Tese de livre-docência. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico. 150p. + tabs + figs.
O'CONELL, C. P. 1981. Development of organ systems in the northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax and other teleosts. Am. Zool., 21:429-446.
POWLES, H. 1981. Distribution and movements of eustonic young of estuarine dependent (Mugil spp., Pomatomus saltatrix) and estuarine independent (Coryphaena spp.) fishes off the Southeastern United States. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 178:207-209.
SAMEOTO, D. D. & JAROSZYMSKI, L. O. 1969. Otter surface sampler: a new neuston net. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 26(8):2240-2244.
SANDY, J. M. & BLAXTER, J. H. S. 1980. A study of retinal development in larval herring and sole. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 60:59-71.
SCHRAM, T. A.; SVELLE, M & OPSAHL, M. 1981. A new divided neuston sampler in two modifications: description, tests, and biological results. Sarsia, 66(4):273-282.
SMITH, P.E. & RICHARDSON, S.L. 1977. Standard techniques for pelagic fish egg and larva surveys. FAO Fish. tech. Pap., (175):1-100.
TULLY, O. & ÓCÉIDIGH, P. 1989. The ichthyoneuton of Galway Bay (Ireland). I. The seasonal, diel and spatial distribution of larval, post-larval and juvenile fish. Mar. Biol., 101(1):27-41.
UOTANI, I. 1973. Diurnal changes of gas bladder and behaviour of postlarval anchovy and other related species. Bull, japan. Soc. scient. Fish., 39(8):867-876.
ZAITSEV, Yu. P. 1971. Marine neustonology; translated into English from Russian edition of 1970 by A. Mercado. Jerusalem, Israel Program for Scientific Translations. 207p.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
16 May 2012
Date of issue
1990

History

Accepted
28 Nov 1990
Received
14 May 1990

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] AHLSTROM, E. H. & STEVENS, E. 1975. Report of neuston (surface) collection made on an extended CalCOFI cruise during May 1972. CalCOFI Rept, 18:167-180.

[2] BAKUN, A. & PARRISH, R.H. 1990. Comparative studies of coastal pelagic fish reproductive habitats: the Brazilian sardine (Sardinella aurita). J. Cons, perm. int. Explor. Mer, 46:269-283.

[3] BLAXTER, J.H.S. & HUNTER, J.R. 1982. The biology of the clupeid fishes. Adv. mar. Biol., 79:1-223.

[4] BROWN, D.M. & CHENG, L. 1981. New net for sampling the ocean surface. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 5: 225-227.

[5] BRIDGER, J.P. 1956. On day and night variations in catches of fish larvae. J. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 22(1):42-57.

[6] CHAMPALBERT, G. 1980. Les peuplements de l'écosystème neustonique. Océanis, 6(2):205-211.

[7] DAVID, P.M. 1965. The neuston net: a device for sampling the surface fauna of the ocean. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 45(2)313-320.

[8] ELDRIDGE, P. J.; BERRY, F. H. & MILLER III, M. C, 1978. Diurnal variations in catches of selected species of ichthyoneuston by Boothbay neuston net off Charleston, South Carolina. Fishery Bull, natn. mar. Fish. Serv., U.S., 76(1)295-297.

[9] GRUBER, D.; AHLSTROM, E. H. & MULLIN, M. M., 1982. Distribution of ichthyoplankton in the Southern California Bight. Rept. Calif, coop, ocean. Fish. Invest, 23:172-179.

[10] HARTMANN, J. 1970. Juvenile saury pike (Scomberesox saurus Walb), an example of ichthyoneuston. J. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 33 (2):245-255.

[11] HEMPEL, G. & WEIKERT H. 1972. The neuston of the subtropical and boreal Northeastern Atlantic Ocean, a review. Mar. Biol., 13(1):70-88.

[12] HEWITT, R. 1981. The value of pattern in the distribution of young fish. Rapp. P-v. Reun. Cons, perm. int. Explor. Mer., 178:229-236.

[13] HOLDWAY, P. & MADDOCK, L. 1983a. A comparative survey of neuston: geographical and temporal distribution patterns. Mar.Biol. 76:263-270.

[14] ______ & ______ 1983b. Neustonic distributions. Mar. BioL, 77:207-214.

[15] HUNTER, J. R. 1972. Swimming and feeding behavior of larval anchovy Engraulis mordax. Fishery Bull., natn mar. Fish. Serv., U.S., 70(3): 821-838.

[16] ______ 1976. Culture and growth of northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax, larvae. Fishery Bull., natn. mar. Fish. Serv., U.S., 74(1):81-88.

[17] ______ & SANCHEZ, C. 1976. Diel changes in swim bladder infration of the larvae of the northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax. Fishery Bull., natn. mar. Fish. Serv., U.S., 76(4):847-855.

[18] JOHN, H.-CH. 1981. Ichthyoneuston of Cape Verde Archipelago. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 178:237-239.

[19] KAUFFMAN, T. A.; LINDSAY, J. & LEITHISER, R., 1981. Vertical distribution and food selection of larval atherinids. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm, int. Explor. Mer, 178:342-343.

[20] KRAMER, D.; KALIN, M. J.; STEVENS, E. G.; THAIKILL, J. R. & ZWEIFEL, J. R. 1972. Collecting and processing data on fish eggs and larvae in the California Current region. NOAA Tech. Rept., natn. mar. Fish. Serv. Circ, (370): 1-38.

[21] LEVINTON, J. S. 1982. Marine ecology. New Jersey. Prentice-Hall. 526p.

[22] MATSUO, Y.; NEMOTO, T. & MARUMO, R. 1976. A convertible neuston net for zooplankton. Bull. Plankt. Soc. Japan, 23(1):26-30.

[23] MATSUURA, M. 1983. Estudo comparativo das fases iniciais do ciclo de vida da sardinha-verdadeira, Sardinella brasiliensis e da sardinha-cascuda, Harengula jaguana (Pisces: Clupeidae) e nota sobre a dinâmica da população da sardinha-verdadeira na região sudeste do Brasil Tese de livre-docência. Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto Oceanográfico. 150p. + tabs + figs.

[24] O'CONELL, C. P. 1981. Development of organ systems in the northern anchovy, Engraulis mordax and other teleosts. Am. Zool., 21:429-446.

[25] POWLES, H. 1981. Distribution and movements of eustonic young of estuarine dependent (Mugil spp., Pomatomus saltatrix) and estuarine independent (Coryphaena spp.) fishes off the Southeastern United States. Rapp. P.-v. Réun. Cons. perm. int. Explor. Mer, 178:207-209.

[26] SAMEOTO, D. D. & JAROSZYMSKI, L. O. 1969. Otter surface sampler: a new neuston net. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 26(8):2240-2244.

[27] SANDY, J. M. & BLAXTER, J. H. S. 1980. A study of retinal development in larval herring and sole. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 60:59-71.

[28] SCHRAM, T. A.; SVELLE, M & OPSAHL, M. 1981. A new divided neuston sampler in two modifications: description, tests, and biological results. Sarsia, 66(4):273-282.

[29] SMITH, P.E. & RICHARDSON, S.L. 1977. Standard techniques for pelagic fish egg and larva surveys. FAO Fish. tech. Pap., (175):1-100.

[30] TULLY, O. & ÓCÉIDIGH, P. 1989. The ichthyoneuton of Galway Bay (Ireland). I. The seasonal, diel and spatial distribution of larval, post-larval and juvenile fish. Mar. Biol., 101(1):27-41.

[31] UOTANI, I. 1973. Diurnal changes of gas bladder and behaviour of postlarval anchovy and other related species. Bull, japan. Soc. scient. Fish., 39(8):867-876.

[32] ZAITSEV, Yu. P. 1971. Marine neustonology; translated into English from Russian edition of 1970 by A. Mercado. Jerusalem, Israel Program for Scientific Translations. 207p.