Nutrients balances and milk fatty acid profile of mid lactation dairy cows supplemented with monensin

Gandra, Jefferson Rodrigues; Rennó, Francisco Palma; Freitas Júnior, José Esler; Maturana Filho, Milton; Barletta, Rafael Villela

Abstracts

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutrients balance and milk fatty acids profile of dairy cows supplemented with monensin. Twelve Brazilian Holstein dairy cows were distributed into four balanced 3x3 Latin squares, and fed with the following diets: control (C), basal diet without addition of monensin, monensin 24 (M24), addition of 24mg/kg DM of monensin, and monensin 48 (M48), addition of 48mg/kg DM. The experimental diets influenced the efficiency of net energy of lactation utilization. A quadratic effect was observed for the energy balance. It was observed effect of diets on nitrogen balance. It was observed effect of monensin in the milk yield, composition and in the milk fatty acids profile. Monensin in diets of dairy cows in mid lactation, using corn silage, improved the nutrients balance and milk fatty acid profile with 24mg/kg DM.

energy and nitrogen balance; ionophore; metabolism; milk fat

Objetivou-se avaliar o balanço de nutrientes e o perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de vacas leiteiras suplementadas com monensina. Doze vacas leiteiras foram distribuídos em 4 quadrados latinos, balanceados 3x3 e alimentados com as três dietas seguintes: controle (C), dieta basal sem adição de monensina; monensina 24 (M24), a adição de 24mg/kg MS de monensina, e monensina 48 (M48), a adição de 48mg/kg de MS. As dietas experimentais influenciaram a eficiência de utilização da energia líquida de lactação. Foi observado efeito quadrático para o balanço energia e nitrogênio. Também foi observado efeito de monensina sobre a produção e composição do leite e no perfil de ácidos graxos do leite. Constatou-se que monensina na dieta de vacas leiteiras, no terço médio de lactação, que usam silagem de milho, melhora o balanço de nutrientes e o perfil de ácidos graxos do leite na dose de 24mg/kg de MS.

balanço energia e nitrogênio; gordura do leite; ionóforo; metabolismo

References

ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS - AOAC. Official methods of analysis 17^th ed. Gaithersburg, 2006.
AL-ZAHAL, O.; ODONGO, N.; MUTSVANGWA, T.; OR RASHID, M.; DUFFIELD, T.; BAGG, R.; DICK, P.; VESSIE, G.; MCBRIDE, B. Effects of monensin and dietary soybean oil on milk fat percentage and milk fatty acid profile in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.91, p.1166-1174, 2008.
BENCHAAR, C.; PETIT, H.V.; BERTHIAUME, R.; WHYTE, T.D.; CHOUINARD, P.Y. Effects of addition of essential oils and monensin premix on digestion, ruminal fermentation, milk production, and milk composition in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.89, p.4352-4364, 2006.
BRODERICK, G.A. Effect of low level monensin supplementation on the production of dairy cows fed alfalfa silage. Journal of Dairy Science, v.87, p.359-368, 2004.
CASALI, A.O.; DETMANN, E.; VALADARES FILHO, S.C.; PEREIRA, J.C.; HENRIQUES, L.T.; FREITAS, S.G.; PAULINO, M.F. Influence of incubation time and particles size on indigestible compounds contents in cattle feeds and feces obtained by in situ procedures. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.37, n.6, p.335-342, 2008.
CHIZZOTTI, M.L.; VALADARES FILHO, S.C.; VALADARES, R.F.D.; CHIZZOTTI, F.H.M.; MARCONDES, M.I.; FONSECA, M.A. Intake, digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in Holstein cows with different milk production levels. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.36, n.8, p.138-146, 2007.
DUFFIELD, T.F.; BAGG, A.R. Use of ionophores in lactating dairy cattle: a review. Canadian Veterinary Journal, v.41, p.388-394, 2000.
DUFFIELD, T.F.; RABIEE, A.R.; LEAN, I.J. A meta-analysis of the impact of monensin in lactating dairy cattle. Part 1. Metabolic effects. Journal of Dairy Science, v.91, p.1334-1346, 2008a.
DUFFIELD, T.F.; RABIEE, A.R.; LEAN, I.J. A meta-analysis of the impact of monensin in lactating dairy cattle. Part 2. Production effects. Journal of Dairy Science, v.91, p.1347-1360, 2008b.
EIFERT, E.C.; LANA, R.P.; LANNA, D.P.D.; LEOPOLDINO, W.M.; ARCURI, P.B.; LEÃO, M.I.; COTA, M.R.; VALADARES FILHO, S.C. Milk fatty acid profile of cows fed monensin and soybean oil in early lactation. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.35, n.10, p.219-228, 2006.
FENG, S.; LOCK, A.L.; GARNSWORTHY, P.C. A rapid method for determining fatty acid composition of milk. Journal of Dairy Science, v.87, p.3785-3788, 2004.
GANDRA, J.R.; RENNÓ, F.P.; SILVA, L.F.P.; FREITAS JÚNIOR, J.E.; MATURANA FILHO, M.; GANDRA, É.R.S.; D`ANGELO, L.S.; ARAÚJO, A.P.C. Blood parameters of dairy cows fed different dietary sodic monensin levels. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Produção Animal [Online], v.10, n.1, p.115-128, 2009.
GANDRA, J.R.; RENNÓ, F.P.; FREITAS JUNIOR, J.E.; SANTOS, M.V.; SILVA, L.F.P.; ARAÚJO, A.P.C. Performance and composition of the protein fraction of milk in cows supplemented with different levels of monensin in diets. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.42, p.239-241, 2010.
GONZÁLEZ-RONQUILLO, M.; BALCELLS, J.; GUADA, J.A. Purine derivative excretion in dairy cows: endogenous excretion and the effect of exogenous nucleic acid supply. Journal of Dairy Science, v.86, n.8, p.1282-1291, 2003.
GEHMAN, A.M.; KONONOFF, P.J.; MULLINS, C.R.; JANICEK, B.N. Evaluation of nitrogen utilization and the effects of monensin in dairy cows fed brown midrib corn silage. Journal of Dairy Science, v.91, p.288-300, 2008.
HANEY, M.E.; HOEHN, M.M. Monensin, a new biologically active compound. I. Discovery and isolation. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemother, v.7, p.349-352, 1967.
HARVATINE, K.J.; ALLEN, M.S. Effects of fatty acid supplements on milk yield and energy balance of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.89,p.1081-1091, 2006.
IPHARRAGUERRE, I.R.; CLARK, J.H. Usefulness of ionophores for lactating dairy cows: A review. Animal Feed Science Technology, v.106, p.39-57, 2003.
KRAMER, J.K.G.; FELLNER, V.; DUGAN, M.E.R. Evaluating acid and base catalysts in the methylation of milk and rumen fatty acids with special emphasis on conjugated dienes and total trans fatty acids. Lipids, v.32, p.1219-1228, 1997.
MARTINEAU, R.; BENCHAAR, C. ; PETIT, H.V. Effects of lasalocid or monensin supplementation on digestion, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, and milk production of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.90, p.5714-5725. 2007.
MERTENS, D.R. Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber in feeds with refluxing beakers or crucibles: collaborative study. Internacional Journal AOAC, v.85, p.1217-1240, 2002.
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL - NRC. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle 7^thed. rev. Washington, DC: National Academic Press, 2001.
ODONGO, N.E.; BAGG, R.; VESSIE, G.; DICK, P.; OR-RASHID, M.M.; HOOK, S.E.; GRAY, J.T.; KEBREAB, E.; FRANCE, J.; MCBRIDE, B.W. Long-term effects of feeding monensin on methane production in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.90, p.1781-1788, 2007.
PETERSSON-WOLFE, C.S.; LESLIE, K.E.; OSBORNE, T.; MCBRIDE, B.W.; BAGG, R.; VESSIE, G.; DICK, P.; DUFFIELD, T.F. Effect of delivery method of monensin on dry matter intake, body condition score, and metabolic parameters in transition dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.90, n.8, p.1870-1879, 2007.
RENNÓ, L.N.; VALADARES FILHO, S.C.; VALADARES, R.F.D.; PAULINO, M.F.; RENNÓ, F.P.; SILVA, P.A. Urea levels in diet for steers of four genetic groups: microbial protein production by the urinary purine derivatives, using two collection methodologies. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.37, n.10, p.546-555, 2008.
SAS INSTITUTE. SAS/STAT User's Guide Release 9.0. Cary, NC, 2004.
SILVA, D.C.; SANTOS, G.T.; BRANCO, A.F.; DAMASCENO, J.C.; KAZAMA, R.; MATSUSHITA, M.; HORST, J.A.; SANTOS, V.; PETIT, H.V. Production performance and milk composition of dairy cows fed whole or ground flaxseed with or without monensin. Journal of Dairy Science, v.90, n.10, p.2928-2936, 2007.
ZAHRA, L.C.; DUFFIELD, T.F.; LESLIE, K.E. Effects of rumen-protected choline and monensin on milk production and metabolism of periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.89, n.5, p.4808-4818, 2006.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
28 Mar 2013
Date of issue
Dec 2012

History

Received
06 June 2012
Accepted
03 Dec 2012

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS - AOAC. Official methods of analysis 17^th ed. Gaithersburg, 2006.

[2] AL-ZAHAL, O.; ODONGO, N.; MUTSVANGWA, T.; OR RASHID, M.; DUFFIELD, T.; BAGG, R.; DICK, P.; VESSIE, G.; MCBRIDE, B. Effects of monensin and dietary soybean oil on milk fat percentage and milk fatty acid profile in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.91, p.1166-1174, 2008.

[3] BENCHAAR, C.; PETIT, H.V.; BERTHIAUME, R.; WHYTE, T.D.; CHOUINARD, P.Y. Effects of addition of essential oils and monensin premix on digestion, ruminal fermentation, milk production, and milk composition in dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.89, p.4352-4364, 2006.

[4] BRODERICK, G.A. Effect of low level monensin supplementation on the production of dairy cows fed alfalfa silage. Journal of Dairy Science, v.87, p.359-368, 2004.

[5] CASALI, A.O.; DETMANN, E.; VALADARES FILHO, S.C.; PEREIRA, J.C.; HENRIQUES, L.T.; FREITAS, S.G.; PAULINO, M.F. Influence of incubation time and particles size on indigestible compounds contents in cattle feeds and feces obtained by in situ procedures. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.37, n.6, p.335-342, 2008.

[6] CHIZZOTTI, M.L.; VALADARES FILHO, S.C.; VALADARES, R.F.D.; CHIZZOTTI, F.H.M.; MARCONDES, M.I.; FONSECA, M.A. Intake, digestibility and nitrogen metabolism in Holstein cows with different milk production levels. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.36, n.8, p.138-146, 2007.

[7] DUFFIELD, T.F.; BAGG, A.R. Use of ionophores in lactating dairy cattle: a review. Canadian Veterinary Journal, v.41, p.388-394, 2000.

[8] DUFFIELD, T.F.; RABIEE, A.R.; LEAN, I.J. A meta-analysis of the impact of monensin in lactating dairy cattle. Part 1. Metabolic effects. Journal of Dairy Science, v.91, p.1334-1346, 2008a.

[9] DUFFIELD, T.F.; RABIEE, A.R.; LEAN, I.J. A meta-analysis of the impact of monensin in lactating dairy cattle. Part 2. Production effects. Journal of Dairy Science, v.91, p.1347-1360, 2008b.

[10] EIFERT, E.C.; LANA, R.P.; LANNA, D.P.D.; LEOPOLDINO, W.M.; ARCURI, P.B.; LEÃO, M.I.; COTA, M.R.; VALADARES FILHO, S.C. Milk fatty acid profile of cows fed monensin and soybean oil in early lactation. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.35, n.10, p.219-228, 2006.

[11] FENG, S.; LOCK, A.L.; GARNSWORTHY, P.C. A rapid method for determining fatty acid composition of milk. Journal of Dairy Science, v.87, p.3785-3788, 2004.

[12] GANDRA, J.R.; RENNÓ, F.P.; SILVA, L.F.P.; FREITAS JÚNIOR, J.E.; MATURANA FILHO, M.; GANDRA, É.R.S.; D`ANGELO, L.S.; ARAÚJO, A.P.C. Blood parameters of dairy cows fed different dietary sodic monensin levels. Revista Brasileira de Saúde Produção Animal [Online], v.10, n.1, p.115-128, 2009.

[13] GANDRA, J.R.; RENNÓ, F.P.; FREITAS JUNIOR, J.E.; SANTOS, M.V.; SILVA, L.F.P.; ARAÚJO, A.P.C. Performance and composition of the protein fraction of milk in cows supplemented with different levels of monensin in diets. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.42, p.239-241, 2010.

[14] GONZÁLEZ-RONQUILLO, M.; BALCELLS, J.; GUADA, J.A. Purine derivative excretion in dairy cows: endogenous excretion and the effect of exogenous nucleic acid supply. Journal of Dairy Science, v.86, n.8, p.1282-1291, 2003.

[15] GEHMAN, A.M.; KONONOFF, P.J.; MULLINS, C.R.; JANICEK, B.N. Evaluation of nitrogen utilization and the effects of monensin in dairy cows fed brown midrib corn silage. Journal of Dairy Science, v.91, p.288-300, 2008.

[16] HANEY, M.E.; HOEHN, M.M. Monensin, a new biologically active compound. I. Discovery and isolation. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemother, v.7, p.349-352, 1967.

[17] HARVATINE, K.J.; ALLEN, M.S. Effects of fatty acid supplements on milk yield and energy balance of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.89,p.1081-1091, 2006.

[18] IPHARRAGUERRE, I.R.; CLARK, J.H. Usefulness of ionophores for lactating dairy cows: A review. Animal Feed Science Technology, v.106, p.39-57, 2003.

[19] KRAMER, J.K.G.; FELLNER, V.; DUGAN, M.E.R. Evaluating acid and base catalysts in the methylation of milk and rumen fatty acids with special emphasis on conjugated dienes and total trans fatty acids. Lipids, v.32, p.1219-1228, 1997.

[20] MARTINEAU, R.; BENCHAAR, C. ; PETIT, H.V. Effects of lasalocid or monensin supplementation on digestion, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, and milk production of lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.90, p.5714-5725. 2007.

[21] MERTENS, D.R. Gravimetric determination of amylase-treated neutral detergent fiber in feeds with refluxing beakers or crucibles: collaborative study. Internacional Journal AOAC, v.85, p.1217-1240, 2002.

[22] NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL - NRC. Nutrient requirements of dairy cattle 7^thed. rev. Washington, DC: National Academic Press, 2001.

[23] ODONGO, N.E.; BAGG, R.; VESSIE, G.; DICK, P.; OR-RASHID, M.M.; HOOK, S.E.; GRAY, J.T.; KEBREAB, E.; FRANCE, J.; MCBRIDE, B.W. Long-term effects of feeding monensin on methane production in lactating dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.90, p.1781-1788, 2007.

[24] PETERSSON-WOLFE, C.S.; LESLIE, K.E.; OSBORNE, T.; MCBRIDE, B.W.; BAGG, R.; VESSIE, G.; DICK, P.; DUFFIELD, T.F. Effect of delivery method of monensin on dry matter intake, body condition score, and metabolic parameters in transition dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.90, n.8, p.1870-1879, 2007.

[25] RENNÓ, L.N.; VALADARES FILHO, S.C.; VALADARES, R.F.D.; PAULINO, M.F.; RENNÓ, F.P.; SILVA, P.A. Urea levels in diet for steers of four genetic groups: microbial protein production by the urinary purine derivatives, using two collection methodologies. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, v.37, n.10, p.546-555, 2008.

[26] SAS INSTITUTE. SAS/STAT User's Guide Release 9.0. Cary, NC, 2004.

[27] SILVA, D.C.; SANTOS, G.T.; BRANCO, A.F.; DAMASCENO, J.C.; KAZAMA, R.; MATSUSHITA, M.; HORST, J.A.; SANTOS, V.; PETIT, H.V. Production performance and milk composition of dairy cows fed whole or ground flaxseed with or without monensin. Journal of Dairy Science, v.90, n.10, p.2928-2936, 2007.

[28] ZAHRA, L.C.; DUFFIELD, T.F.; LESLIE, K.E. Effects of rumen-protected choline and monensin on milk production and metabolism of periparturient dairy cows. Journal of Dairy Science, v.89, n.5, p.4808-4818, 2006.

Nutrients balances and milk fatty acid profile of mid lactation dairy cows supplemented with monensin

Balanço de nutrientes e perfil de ácidos graxos do leite de vacas leiteiras no terço médio e lactação suplementadas como monensina

Abstracts

References

Publication Dates

History