Morse taper implants at different bone levels: a finite element analysis of stress distribution

Toniollo, Marcelo Bighetti; Macedo, Ana Paula; Palhares, Daniel; Calefi, Paulo Linares; Sorgini, Danilo Balero; Mattos, Maria da Gloria Chiarello de

Abstract

AIM: To explore the biomechanical effects of the different implantation bone levels of Morse taper implants, employing a finite element analysis (FEA). METHODS: Dental implants (TitamaxCM) with 4x13 mm and 4x11 mm, and their respective abutments with 3.5 mm height, simulating a screwed premolar metal-ceramic crown, had their design performed using the software AnsysWorkbench 10.0. They were positioned in bone blocks, covered by 2.5 mm thickness of mucosa. The cortical bone was designed with 1.5 mm thickness and the trabecular bone completed the bone block. Four groups were formed: group 11CBL (11 mm implant length on cortical bone level), group 11TBL (11 mm implant length on trabecular bone level), group 13CBL (13mm implant length on cortical bone level) and group 13TBL (13 mm implant length on trabecular bone level). Oblique 200 N loads were applied. Von Mises equivalent stresses in cortical and trabecular bones were evaluated with the same design program. RESULTS: The results were shown qualitatively and quantitatively by standard scales for each type of bone. By the results obtained, it can be suggested that positioning the implant completely in trabecular bone brings harm with respect to the generated stresses. Its implantation in the cortical bone has advantages with respect to better anchoring and locking, reflecting a better dissipation of the stresses along the implant/bone interfaces. In addition, the search for anchoring the implant in its apical region in cortical bone is of great value to improve stabilization and consequently better stress distribution. CONCLUSIONS: The implant position slightly below the bone in relation to the bone crest brings advantages as the best long-term predictability with respect to the expected neck bone loss.

biomechanics; bone; dental implants; finite element analysis

References

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² Davarpanah M, Martinez H, Tecucianu JF, Celletti R, Lazzara R. Small-diameter implants: indications and contraindications. J Esthet Dent. 2000; 12: 186-94.
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⁴ Akagawa Y, Sato Y, Teixeira ER, Shindoi N, Wadamoto M. A mimic osseointegrated implant model for three-dimensional finite element analysis. J Oral Rehabil. 2003; 30: 41-5.
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⁶ Isidor F. Influence of forces on peri-implant bone. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2006; 17: 8-18.
⁷ De Almeida EO, Rocha EP, Freitas ACJR, Martin MJR. Finite element stress analysis of edentulous mandibles with different bone types supporting multiple-implant superstructures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2010; 25: 1108-14.
⁸ Jaffin RA, Berman CL. The excessive loss of Branemark fixtures in type IV bone: a 5-year analysis. J Periodontol. 1991; 62: 2-4.
⁹ Becktor JP, Eckert SE, Isaksson S, Keller EE. The influence of mandibular dentition on implant failures in bone-grafted edentulous maxillae. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2002; 17: 69-77.
¹⁰ Guan H, Staden R, Loo YC, Johnson N, Ivanovski S, Meredith N. Incluence of bone and dental implant parameters on stress distribution in the mandible: a finite element study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009; 24: 866-76.
¹¹ Sutter F, Weber H, Sorensen J. The new restorative concept of the ITI dental implant system: design and engineering. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1993; 13: 409-31.
¹² Binon PP, Sutter F, Beaty K, Brusnki J, Gulbransen H, Weiner R. The role of screws in implant systems. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1994; 9(Suppl): 48-63.
¹³ Quaresma SET, Cury PR, Sendyk WR, Sendyk C. A finite element analysis of two different dental implants: stress distribution in the prosthesis, abutment, implant, and supporting bone. J Oral Implantol. 2008; 34: 1-6.
¹⁴ Akça K, Cehreli MC. Biomechanical consequences of progressive marginal bone loss around oral implants: a finite element stress analysis. Med Bio Eng Comput. 2006; 44: 527-35.
¹⁵ Okumura N, Stegaroiu R, Kitamura E, Kurokawa K, Nomura S. Influence of maxillary cortical bone thickness, implant design and implant diameter on stress around implants: A three-dimensional finite element analysis. J Prosthodont Res. 2010; 54: 133-42.
¹⁶ Tawil P, Tawil G. Short implants in deficient posterior jaws: current knowledge. Implant Dent. 2009; 46: 9-16.
¹⁷ Rubo JH, Souza EAC. Finite element analysis of stress in bone adjacent to dental implants. J Oral Implantol. 2008; 34: 248-255.
¹⁸ Baggi L, Cappelloni I, Girolamo MD, Maceri F, Vairo G. The influence of implant diameter and length on stress distribution of osseointegrated implants related to crestal bone geometry: A three-dimensional finite element analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2008; 100: 422-31.
¹⁹ Chou HY, Muftu S, Bozkava D. Combined effects of implant insertion depth and alveolar bone quality on periimplant bone strain induced by a wide-diamenter, short implant and a narrow-diameter, long implant. J Prosthet Dent. 2010; 104: 293-300.
²⁰ Erkmen E, Meriç G, Kurt A, Tunç Y, Eser A. Biomechanical comparison of implant retained fixed partial dentures with fiber reinforced composite versus conventional metal frameworks: A 3D FEA study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2010; 4: 107-16.
²¹ Consolaro A, Carvalho RS, Francischone Jr CE, Consolaro MFMO, Francischone CE. Dental implants saucerization and orthodontic clinical cases. Dent Press J Orthod. 2010; 15: 19-30.
²² Geng J, Tan KBC, Liu G. Application of finite element analysis in implant dentistry: A review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent. 2001; 85: 585-98.
²³ Pierrisnard L, Renouard F, Renault P, Barquins M. Influence of implant length and bicortical anchorage on implant stress distribution. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2003; 5: 254-62.
²⁴ Martens M, Audekercke RV, Delport P, Meester PD, Mulier JC. The mechanical characteristics of cancellous bone at the upper femoral region. J Biomech. 1983; 16: 971-83.
²⁵ Jensen NC, Madsen LP, Linde F. Topographical distribution of trabecular bone strength in the human os calcanei. J Biomech. 1991; 24: 49-55.
²⁶ Qian L, Todo M, Matsushita Y, Koyano K. Effects of implant diameter, insertion depth, and loading angle on stress/strain fields in implant/jawbone systems: finite element analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009; 24: 877-86.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
04 June 2013
Date of issue
Dec 2012

History

Received
17 June 2012
Accepted
18 Sept 2012

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ¹ Goodacre CJ, Bernal G, Rungcharassaeng K, Kan JYK. Clinical complications with implants and implant prostheses. J Prosthet Dent. 2003; 90: 121-32.

[2] ² Davarpanah M, Martinez H, Tecucianu JF, Celletti R, Lazzara R. Small-diameter implants: indications and contraindications. J Esthet Dent. 2000; 12: 186-94.

[3] ³ Misch CE. Density of bone: effect on treatment plans, surgical approach, healing, and progressive loading. J Oral Implant. 1990; 6: 22-31.

[4] ⁴ Akagawa Y, Sato Y, Teixeira ER, Shindoi N, Wadamoto M. A mimic osseointegrated implant model for three-dimensional finite element analysis. J Oral Rehabil. 2003; 30: 41-5.

[5] ⁵ Tada S, Stegaroiu R, Kitamura E, Miyakawa O, Kusakari H. Influence of implant design and bone quality on stress/strain distribution in bone around implants: a 3-dimensional finite element analysis. Int J Oral Maxillof Implants. 2003; 18: 357-68.

[6] ⁶ Isidor F. Influence of forces on peri-implant bone. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2006; 17: 8-18.

[7] ⁷ De Almeida EO, Rocha EP, Freitas ACJR, Martin MJR. Finite element stress analysis of edentulous mandibles with different bone types supporting multiple-implant superstructures. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2010; 25: 1108-14.

[8] ⁸ Jaffin RA, Berman CL. The excessive loss of Branemark fixtures in type IV bone: a 5-year analysis. J Periodontol. 1991; 62: 2-4.

[9] ⁹ Becktor JP, Eckert SE, Isaksson S, Keller EE. The influence of mandibular dentition on implant failures in bone-grafted edentulous maxillae. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2002; 17: 69-77.

[10] ¹⁰ Guan H, Staden R, Loo YC, Johnson N, Ivanovski S, Meredith N. Incluence of bone and dental implant parameters on stress distribution in the mandible: a finite element study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009; 24: 866-76.

[11] ¹¹ Sutter F, Weber H, Sorensen J. The new restorative concept of the ITI dental implant system: design and engineering. Int J Periodontics Restorative Dent. 1993; 13: 409-31.

[12] ¹² Binon PP, Sutter F, Beaty K, Brusnki J, Gulbransen H, Weiner R. The role of screws in implant systems. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 1994; 9(Suppl): 48-63.

[13] ¹³ Quaresma SET, Cury PR, Sendyk WR, Sendyk C. A finite element analysis of two different dental implants: stress distribution in the prosthesis, abutment, implant, and supporting bone. J Oral Implantol. 2008; 34: 1-6.

[14] ¹⁴ Akça K, Cehreli MC. Biomechanical consequences of progressive marginal bone loss around oral implants: a finite element stress analysis. Med Bio Eng Comput. 2006; 44: 527-35.

[15] ¹⁵ Okumura N, Stegaroiu R, Kitamura E, Kurokawa K, Nomura S. Influence of maxillary cortical bone thickness, implant design and implant diameter on stress around implants: A three-dimensional finite element analysis. J Prosthodont Res. 2010; 54: 133-42.

[16] ¹⁶ Tawil P, Tawil G. Short implants in deficient posterior jaws: current knowledge. Implant Dent. 2009; 46: 9-16.

[17] ¹⁷ Rubo JH, Souza EAC. Finite element analysis of stress in bone adjacent to dental implants. J Oral Implantol. 2008; 34: 248-255.

[18] ¹⁸ Baggi L, Cappelloni I, Girolamo MD, Maceri F, Vairo G. The influence of implant diameter and length on stress distribution of osseointegrated implants related to crestal bone geometry: A three-dimensional finite element analysis. J Prosthet Dent. 2008; 100: 422-31.

[19] ¹⁹ Chou HY, Muftu S, Bozkava D. Combined effects of implant insertion depth and alveolar bone quality on periimplant bone strain induced by a wide-diamenter, short implant and a narrow-diameter, long implant. J Prosthet Dent. 2010; 104: 293-300.

[20] ²⁰ Erkmen E, Meriç G, Kurt A, Tunç Y, Eser A. Biomechanical comparison of implant retained fixed partial dentures with fiber reinforced composite versus conventional metal frameworks: A 3D FEA study. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater. 2010; 4: 107-16.

[21] ²¹ Consolaro A, Carvalho RS, Francischone Jr CE, Consolaro MFMO, Francischone CE. Dental implants saucerization and orthodontic clinical cases. Dent Press J Orthod. 2010; 15: 19-30.

[22] ²² Geng J, Tan KBC, Liu G. Application of finite element analysis in implant dentistry: A review of the literature. J Prosthet Dent. 2001; 85: 585-98.

[23] ²³ Pierrisnard L, Renouard F, Renault P, Barquins M. Influence of implant length and bicortical anchorage on implant stress distribution. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res. 2003; 5: 254-62.

[24] ²⁴ Martens M, Audekercke RV, Delport P, Meester PD, Mulier JC. The mechanical characteristics of cancellous bone at the upper femoral region. J Biomech. 1983; 16: 971-83.

[25] ²⁵ Jensen NC, Madsen LP, Linde F. Topographical distribution of trabecular bone strength in the human os calcanei. J Biomech. 1991; 24: 49-55.

[26] ²⁶ Qian L, Todo M, Matsushita Y, Koyano K. Effects of implant diameter, insertion depth, and loading angle on stress/strain fields in implant/jawbone systems: finite element analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants. 2009; 24: 877-86.