Detection of bifid mandibular condyle by panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography

Neves, Frederico Sampaio; Ramírez-Sotelo, Laura Ricardina; Roque-Torres, Gina; Barbosa, Gabriella Lopes Resende; Haiter-Neto, Francisco; Freitas, Deborah Queiroz de

Abstract

AIM: To compare panoramic radiography and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in the diagnosis of bifid mandibular condyle. METHODS: The sample consisted of 350 individuals who underwent panoramic radiography and CBCT. In the panoramic radiographs and CBCT images, the presence or absence of bifid mandibular condyle was determined. RESULTS: Presence of bifid mandibular condyle was detected in four cases (1.1%). In all cases, the relation of one condylar process to the other was mediolateral and history of trauma was reported. None of the individuals had symptoms. In two cases, panoramic radiography did not reveal the presence of bifid mandibular condyle. CONCLUSIONS: Initial screening for bifid mandibular condyle can be performed by panoramic radiography; however, CBCT images can reveal morphological changes and the exact orientation of the condyle heads.

mandibular condyle; computed tomography; temporomandibular joint

References

¹ Hrdlièka A. Lower jaw: double condyles. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1941; 28: 75-89.
² Li Z, Djae KA, Li ZB. Post-traumatic bifid condyle: the pathogenesis analysis. Dent Traumatol. 2011; 27: 452-4.
³ Shaber EP. Bilateral bifid mandibular condyles. Cranio. 1987; 5: 191-5.
⁴ McCormick SU, McCormick SA, Graves RW, Pifer RG, Bilateral bifid mandibular condyles. Report of three cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1989; 68: 555-7.
⁵ Stefanou EP, Fanourakis IG, Vlastos K, Katerelou J. Bilateral bifid mandibular condyles. Report of four cases. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1998; 27: 186-8.
⁶ Artvinli LB, Kansu O. Trifid mandibular condyle: A case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003; 95: 251-4.
⁷ Antoniades K, Hadjipetrou L, Antoniades V, Paraskevopoulos K. Bilateral bifid mandibular condyle. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004; 97: 535-8.
⁸ Alpaslan S, Ozbek M, Hersek N, Kanl A, Avcu N and Frat M. Bilateral bifid mandibular condyle. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2004; 33: 274-7.
⁹ Shriki J, Lev R, Wong BF, Sundine MJ, Hasso AN. Bifid mandibular condyle: CT and MR imaging appearance in two patients: case report and review of the literature. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005; 26: 1865-8.
¹⁰ Espinosa-Femenia M, Sartorres-Nieto M, Berini-Aytes L, Gay-Escoda C. Bilateral bifid mandibular condyle: case report and literature review. Cranio. 2006; 24: 137-40.
¹¹ Acikgoz A. Bilateral bifid mandibular condyle: a case report. J Oral Rehabil. 2006; 33: 784-7.
¹² Menezes AV, de Moraes Ramos FM, de Vasconcelos-Filho JO, Kurita LM, de Almeida SM, Haiter-Neto F. The prevalence of bifid mandibular condyle detected in a Brazilian population. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2008; 37: 220-3.
¹³ Miloglu O, Yalcin E, Buyukkurt M, Yilmaz A, Harorli A. The frequency of bifid mandibular condyle in a Turkish patient population. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2010; 39: 42-6.
¹⁴ Antoniades K, Karakasis D, Elephtheriades J. Bifid mandibular condyle resulting from a sagittal fracture of the condylar head. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1993; 31: 124-6.
¹⁵ Quayle AA, Adams JE. Supplemental mandibular condyle. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1986; 24: 349-56.
¹⁶ Thomason JM, Yusuf H. Traumatically induced bifid mandibular condyle: a report of two cases. Br Dent J. 1986; 161: 291-3.
¹⁷ Poswillo DE. The late effects of mandibular condylectomy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1972; 33: 500-12.
¹⁸ Sahman H, Sekerci AE, Ertas ET, Etoz M, Sisman Y. Prevalence of bifid mandibular condyle in a Turkish population. J Oral Sci. 2011; 53: 433-7.
¹⁹ Caglayan F, Tozoglu U. Incidental findings in the maxillofacial region detected by cone beam CT. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2012; 18: 159-63.
²⁰ Loh FC, Yeo JF. Bifid mandibular condyle. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1990; 69: 24-7.
²¹ Corchero-Martín G, Gonzalez-Terán T, García-Reija MF, Sánchez-Santolino S, Saiz-Bustillo R. Bifid condyle: case report. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2005; 10: 277-9.
²² Fernández RF, Flores HF, Mella HS, Lillo TF. Bifid condilar process: case report. Int J Morphol. 2009; 27: 539-41.
²³ Sales MA, Oliveira JX, Cavalcanti MG. Computed tomography imaging findings of simultaneous bifid mandibular condyle and temporomandibular joint ankylosis: case report. Braz Dent J. 2007; 18: 74-7.
²⁴ Rehman TA, Gibikote S, Ilango N, Thaj J, Sarawagi R, Gupta A. Bifid mandibular condyle with associated temporomandibular joint ankylosis: a computed tomography study of the patterns and morphological variations. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2009; 38: 239-44.
²⁵ Balaji SM. Bifid mandibular condyle with tempromandibular joint ankylosis - a pooled data analysis. Dent Traumatol. 2010; 26: 332-7.
²⁶ Almasam OC, Hedesiu M, Baciut G, Baciut M, Bran S, Jacobs R. Nontraumatic bilateral bifid condyle and intermittent joint lock: a case report and literature review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011; 69: 297-303.
²⁷ Szentpétery A, Kocsis G, Marcsik A. The problem of the bifid mandibular condyle. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990; 48: 1254-7.
²⁸ Cowan DF, Ferguson MM. Bifid mandibular condyle. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1997; 26: 70-3.
²⁹ Frederiksen NL, Benson BW, Sokolowski TW. Effective dose and risk assessment from film tomography used for dental implant diagnostics. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1994; 23: 123-7.
³⁰ Ludlow JB, Davies-Ludlow LE, Brooks SL, Howeerton WB. Dosimetry of 3 CBCT devices for oral and maxillofacial radiology: CBMercuray, NewTom 3G and i-CAT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2006; 35: 219-26.

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
04 June 2013
Date of issue
Mar 2013

History

Received
17 Nov 2012
Accepted
04 Mar 2013

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] ¹ Hrdlièka A. Lower jaw: double condyles. Am J Phys Anthropol. 1941; 28: 75-89.

[2] ² Li Z, Djae KA, Li ZB. Post-traumatic bifid condyle: the pathogenesis analysis. Dent Traumatol. 2011; 27: 452-4.

[3] ³ Shaber EP. Bilateral bifid mandibular condyles. Cranio. 1987; 5: 191-5.

[4] ⁴ McCormick SU, McCormick SA, Graves RW, Pifer RG, Bilateral bifid mandibular condyles. Report of three cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1989; 68: 555-7.

[5] ⁵ Stefanou EP, Fanourakis IG, Vlastos K, Katerelou J. Bilateral bifid mandibular condyles. Report of four cases. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1998; 27: 186-8.

[6] ⁶ Artvinli LB, Kansu O. Trifid mandibular condyle: A case report. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2003; 95: 251-4.

[7] ⁷ Antoniades K, Hadjipetrou L, Antoniades V, Paraskevopoulos K. Bilateral bifid mandibular condyle. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2004; 97: 535-8.

[8] ⁸ Alpaslan S, Ozbek M, Hersek N, Kanl A, Avcu N and Frat M. Bilateral bifid mandibular condyle. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2004; 33: 274-7.

[9] ⁹ Shriki J, Lev R, Wong BF, Sundine MJ, Hasso AN. Bifid mandibular condyle: CT and MR imaging appearance in two patients: case report and review of the literature. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2005; 26: 1865-8.

[10] ¹⁰ Espinosa-Femenia M, Sartorres-Nieto M, Berini-Aytes L, Gay-Escoda C. Bilateral bifid mandibular condyle: case report and literature review. Cranio. 2006; 24: 137-40.

[11] ¹¹ Acikgoz A. Bilateral bifid mandibular condyle: a case report. J Oral Rehabil. 2006; 33: 784-7.

[12] ¹² Menezes AV, de Moraes Ramos FM, de Vasconcelos-Filho JO, Kurita LM, de Almeida SM, Haiter-Neto F. The prevalence of bifid mandibular condyle detected in a Brazilian population. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2008; 37: 220-3.

[13] ¹³ Miloglu O, Yalcin E, Buyukkurt M, Yilmaz A, Harorli A. The frequency of bifid mandibular condyle in a Turkish patient population. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2010; 39: 42-6.

[14] ¹⁴ Antoniades K, Karakasis D, Elephtheriades J. Bifid mandibular condyle resulting from a sagittal fracture of the condylar head. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1993; 31: 124-6.

[15] ¹⁵ Quayle AA, Adams JE. Supplemental mandibular condyle. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1986; 24: 349-56.

[16] ¹⁶ Thomason JM, Yusuf H. Traumatically induced bifid mandibular condyle: a report of two cases. Br Dent J. 1986; 161: 291-3.

[17] ¹⁷ Poswillo DE. The late effects of mandibular condylectomy. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1972; 33: 500-12.

[18] ¹⁸ Sahman H, Sekerci AE, Ertas ET, Etoz M, Sisman Y. Prevalence of bifid mandibular condyle in a Turkish population. J Oral Sci. 2011; 53: 433-7.

[19] ¹⁹ Caglayan F, Tozoglu U. Incidental findings in the maxillofacial region detected by cone beam CT. Diagn Interv Radiol. 2012; 18: 159-63.

[20] ²⁰ Loh FC, Yeo JF. Bifid mandibular condyle. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1990; 69: 24-7.

[21] ²¹ Corchero-Martín G, Gonzalez-Terán T, García-Reija MF, Sánchez-Santolino S, Saiz-Bustillo R. Bifid condyle: case report. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2005; 10: 277-9.

[22] ²² Fernández RF, Flores HF, Mella HS, Lillo TF. Bifid condilar process: case report. Int J Morphol. 2009; 27: 539-41.

[23] ²³ Sales MA, Oliveira JX, Cavalcanti MG. Computed tomography imaging findings of simultaneous bifid mandibular condyle and temporomandibular joint ankylosis: case report. Braz Dent J. 2007; 18: 74-7.

[24] ²⁴ Rehman TA, Gibikote S, Ilango N, Thaj J, Sarawagi R, Gupta A. Bifid mandibular condyle with associated temporomandibular joint ankylosis: a computed tomography study of the patterns and morphological variations. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2009; 38: 239-44.

[25] ²⁵ Balaji SM. Bifid mandibular condyle with tempromandibular joint ankylosis - a pooled data analysis. Dent Traumatol. 2010; 26: 332-7.

[26] ²⁶ Almasam OC, Hedesiu M, Baciut G, Baciut M, Bran S, Jacobs R. Nontraumatic bilateral bifid condyle and intermittent joint lock: a case report and literature review. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011; 69: 297-303.

[27] ²⁷ Szentpétery A, Kocsis G, Marcsik A. The problem of the bifid mandibular condyle. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990; 48: 1254-7.

[28] ²⁸ Cowan DF, Ferguson MM. Bifid mandibular condyle. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1997; 26: 70-3.

[29] ²⁹ Frederiksen NL, Benson BW, Sokolowski TW. Effective dose and risk assessment from film tomography used for dental implant diagnostics. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 1994; 23: 123-7.

[30] ³⁰ Ludlow JB, Davies-Ludlow LE, Brooks SL, Howeerton WB. Dosimetry of 3 CBCT devices for oral and maxillofacial radiology: CBMercuray, NewTom 3G and i-CAT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol. 2006; 35: 219-26.