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Article • Hoehnea 48 • 2021 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-78/2020 linkcopy

Open-access A checklist of the bryophytes from Amapá State, Northern Brazil

Uma lista das briófitas do Estado do Amapá, norte do Brasil

AuthorshipSCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

    ABSTRACT

    A checklist is a good base for gathering registers of biodiversity and supporting further studies. The aim of this paper is to present a checklist of the bryophytes from Amapá State, including the distribution data of the species. In total, 174 species (80 mosses and 94 liverworts) in 78 genera and 30 families are registered for Amapá State, northern Brazil, based on examined specimens and on a review of the literature. A table with the species, distribution data for all municipalities of Amapá State, and the first record for all species are presented.

    Keywords: Amapá State flora; bryoflora; compilation of data; floristic study; taxonomy

    RESUMO

    Uma lista é uma boa base para reunir registros de biodiversidade e apoiar novos estudos. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma lista de verificação das briófitas do Estado do Amapá, incluindo os dados de distribuição das espécies. No total, 174 espécies (80 musgos e 94 hepáticas) em 79 gêneros e 30 famílias são registradas no Estado do Amapá, norte do Brasil, com base em espécimes examinados e em uma revisão da literatura. Uma tabela com as espécies, dados de distribuição para todos os municípios do Estado do Amapá e o primeiro registro para todas as espécies são apresentados.

    Palavras-chave: brioflora; compilação de dados; estudo florístico; flora do Estado do Amapá; taxonomia

    Introduction

    The Amapá State presents several Amazonian physiognomies of high biological diversity mainly represented by dense Terra Firme forest, Várzea forest, mangrove, transition areas between forests, and savannah vegetation (IBGE 2004, Costa-Neto et al. 2006, ZEE 2008). The bryophyte flora in the State is still poorly known if compared to other States in Brazil (Lisboa et al. 2006, Oliveira-da-Silva & Ilkiu-Borges 2020), especially considering that it is one of the most preserved, with more than 72% of its territory divided into 19 conservation units (12 national, five States, and two municipal) (Drummond et al. 2008).

    Herzog (1931) was the first work that made a study with bryophytes from the State of Amapá. He identified mosses and liverworts collected by von Lützelburg in northern Brazil, especially in the State of Amazonas and Pará. However, some collections of Herzog’s study were cited as “Staat Pará: Rio Oyapock”. The Oiapoque River is in the municipality of Oiapoque, in Amapá State, on the border with French Guiana. At the time of the publication of Herzog, the Amapá territory belonged to the Grão-Pará province (currently Pará State). Only in 1943, the Amapá State was separated from Pará and become a separate federal unit.

    Oliveira-da-Silva & Ilkiu-Borges (2020) had already listed most studies on bryophytes in Amapá State (Crosby 1969, Grolle 1984, Yano 1981, 1982, 1984b, 1992, Yano et al. 1985, Yano & Lisboa 1988, Churchill 1998, Gradstein & Costa 2003, Lisboa et al. 2006, Gentil & Menezes 2011) discussing its advances in the State. In this study, they investigated the richness and composition of bryophytes of two Parks in Amapá, registering 63 new records for the State and three new records for the North region of Brazil. Also, they pointed out the need for more comprehensive studies on the bryophyte flora in the State.

    A checklist is a good base for gathering registers of biodiversity, serving as a data basis for other studies. The bryophyte flora in Brazil is currently represented by 1.521 species, of which 18.1% are endemic, according to the BFG (2018). This number of species was reached through several studies carried out by different researchers, which enable to know the bryophytes that compose the flora of specific localities or geographic regions (e.g., Gradstein & Costa 2003, Costa & Luizi-Ponzo 2010, Costa et al. 2011, Costa & Peralta 2015, BFG 2018), or on checklists (e.g., Yano 1981, 1984, 1989, 1995, 1996, 2006, 2008, Peralta & Yano 2001, Câmara et al. 2005, Costa et al. 2005).

    No comprehensive list with distribution data of bryophyte species is available for Amapá State, but the knowledge is spread in a few local studies (e.g., Oliveira-da-Silva & Ilkiu-Borges 2020). This paper aims to fulfill this gap presenting a checklist of the bryophytes in Amapá State, including distribution data.

    Material and methods

    The checklist was based on the literature of bryophytes as guides, taxonomic revisions, and specific studies for Amapá already published, as follows: Herzog (1931), Crosby (1969), Yano (1981, 1982, 1984b, 1992), Grolle (1984), Yano et al. (1985), Yano & Lisboa (1988), Gradstein (1994), Churchill (1998), Gradstein & Costa (2003), Lisboa et al. (2006), Gentil & Menezes (2011), BFG (2018), Oliveira-da-Silva & Ilkiu-Borges (2020), and Macedo et al. (in press). The voucher cited for each species in table 1 was preferably the one examined by the authors.

    Taxonomic classifications adopted are by Goffinet et al. (2009) and Crandall-Stotler et al. (2009) for Bryophyta and Marchantiophyta, respectively. The classification of Sematophyllaceae is following Carvalho-Silva et al. (2017), while for Dibrachiella and Cryptolophocolea we followed Shi et al. (2015) and Söderström et al. (2013), respectively.

    Data on municipalities of Amapá are following the Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE (2019). They were standardized for all specimens in which locality was registered in the publication. Species classified as “common” present records in more than four municipalities in the State of Amapá.

    Results

    In Amapá State, 174 species in 78 genera and 30 families of bryophytes were registered. Mosses were represented by 80 species, 39 genera, and 21 families, while liverworts were represented by 94 species, 39 genera, and nine families (table 1). None hornwort was recorded.

    Lejeuneaceae Cavers and Calymperaceae Kindb. were the most diverse families found in the State of Amapá, with 73 and 23 species, respectively. The two families represented more than 55% of the most diversified families for the State (figure 1). Genera with a higher number of species were Syrrhopodon Schwägr. and Lejeunea Lib., with 12 and 11 species, respectively. The most common species of the mosses (recorded in four or more municipalities) were Callicostella pallida (Hornsch.) Ångström, Calymperes erosum Müll. Hal., Microcalpe subsimplex (Hedw.) W.R. Buck, Octoblepharum albidum Hedw., Syrrhopodon ligulatus Mont., Taxithelium planum (Brid.) Mitt., and Trichosteleum papillosum (Hornsch.) A. Jaeger, and of the liverworts were Ceratolejeunea coarina (Gottsche) Schiffn., C. cornuta (Lindenb.) Steph., Cheilolejeunea oncophylla (Ångstr.) Grolle & M.E. Reiner, and Leptolejeunea elliptica (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Schiffn.

    Among 16 municipalities from Amapá, bryophytes were recorded only from seven ones. The municipality of Serra do Navio presented the highest number of species (109 spp.), followed by Macapá (77 spp.), Amapá (60 spp.), Oiapoque (42 spp.), Mazagão (14 spp.), Calçoene (9 spp.), and Laranjal do Jari (2 spp.) (figure 2).

    Herzog (1931) was the first to record 13 species for the Amapá State, followed by Crosby (1969) (1 sp.), Yano (1982) (3 spp.), Yano et al. (1985) (1 sp.), Yano & Lisboa (1988) (37 spp.), Gradstein (1994) (1 sp.), Churchill (1998) (5 spp.), Lisboa et al. (2006) (43 spp.), Oliveira-da-Silva & Ilkiu-Borges (2020) (61 spp.), and Macedo et al. (in press) (9 spp.). According to all studies on bryophytes in Amapá, 175 species were registered in the State (figure 3). The studies carried out by Yano & Lisboa (1988), Lisboa et al. (2006), and Oliveira-da-Silva & Ilkiu-Borges (2020) registered 80% of the bryophyte records for the State.

    Discussion

    With about 70% of its territory included in legally protected areas, the Amapá State is the twentieth State (from 26 States) in the number of bryophyte species (Drummond et al. 2008, Costa & Peralta 2015). Although the bryoflora of Brazilian Amazon is being studied for over 200 years (Lisboa 1991), the bryophyte richness in Amapá is still poorly known despite the diversity of the biome where it is inserted, but it is notably low the number of studies carried out in this State, not including a great area of its territory. Amazonas and Pará States, although with larger territories, have many physiognomies that also occur in Amapá. However, these two States presented a much higher number of bryophyte species (466 and 332 species, respectively) and a great number of studies (e.g., Costa et al. 2011, Costa & Peralta 2015, BFG 2018). Our results showed that Amapá presented almost as the number of species found in Rondônia (166 spp.), but studies in this State was punctual (Lisboa 1993, Cerqueira et al. 2015, Costa & Peralta 2015, Sobreira et al. 2019).

    Macrocolura sagittistipula (Spruce) R.M. Schust. is excluded from the list of species of Amapá. Gradstein & Costa (2003) cited the species as occurring in Amazonas and Amapá States based on the study of Grolle & Zhu (2002), but the latter authors recorded this species in Amazonas only.

    Yano & Lisboa (1988) registered Mastigolejeunea auriculata (Wilson & Hook.) Schiffn. [= Thysananthus auriculatus (Wilson & Hook.) Sukkharak & Gradst.] in Mazagão municipality, however, the specimen deposited in MG herbarium (MG109797!) proved to be Thysananthus amazonicus (Spruce) Steph.

    Cheilolejeunea savannae L.P.C. Macedo et al. is a species from savanna vegetation recently described by Macedo et al. (2020). This species was referred as C. discoidea (Lehm. & Lindenb.) Kachroo & R.M. Schust. by Oliveira-da-Silva & Ilkiu-Borges (2020).

    The most abundant families, Lejeuneaceae and Calymperaceae, were expected to be since many studies in the Amazon recorded these families as the richest (e.g., Gradstein et al. 2001, Macedo & Ilkiu-Borges 2014, Cerqueira et al. 2017, Oliveira-da-Silva & Ilkiu-Borges 2018). The two richest genera (Syrrhopodon and Lejeunea) were also expected since they are well distributed in Brazil (Gradstein et al. 2001, Gradstein & Costa 2003, Costa & Peralta 2015). Syrrhopodon is a widely distributed genus in the tropics and subtropics and assembles acrocarpous plants morphologically diverse (Reese 1993), additionally, it is the fourth richest genera of mosses in Brazil (Costa & Peralta 2015). Lejeunea is the more complex and the largest genus of liverworts in Brazil (Reiner-Drehwald 2007, Costa & Peralta 2015) and well distributed in the neotropical region (Gradstein et al. 2001).

    The most common species of our list were already expected to be found in Amapá due to their wide distribution in the Amazon and frequent occurrence in various ecosystems from humid rainforests to open environments (Santos & Lisboa 2003, Brito & Ilkiu-Borges 2013, Moura et al. 2013, Tavares-Martins et al. 2014, Pantoja et al. 2015, Cerqueira et al. 2017, BFG 2018, Oliveira-da-Silva & Ilkiu-Borges 2018). Among these species, only Ceratolejeunea coarina was not reported in Marajó island (Brito & Ilkiu-Borges 2013), a large continental island neighbor to Amapá State.

    Thumbnail
    Table 1
    Checklist of bryophytes with the distribution in municipalities and refer­ence of the first record of each species for Amapá State. AM: Amapá municipality; MC: Macapá; SN: Serra do Navio; OP: Oiapoque; CÇ: Calçoene; MZ: Mazagão; LJ: Laranjal do Jari; (n.v.): not seen.
    Tabela 1
    Lista das briófitas com dados de distribuição geográfica nos municípios e referência do primeiro registro de cada espécie para o Estado do Amapá. AM: município de Amapá; MC: Macapá; SN: Serra do Navio; OP: Oiapoque; CÇ: Calçoene; MZ: Mazagão; LJ: Laranjal do Jari; (n.v.): não visto.
    Figure 1
    Species diversity by bryophyte families in the Amapá State.
    Figura 1
    Diversidade de espécies por famílias de briófitas no Estado do Amapá.
    Figure 2
    Localization map of Amapá State with number of species record from State municipalities.
    Figura 2
    Mapa de localização do Estado do Amapá com número de espécies registradas nos municípios do Estado.
    Figure 3
    Measurement of new records by study of bryophytes in the State of Amapá.
    Figura 3
    Medida de novos registros por estudo de briófitas no Estado do Amapá.

    The municipalities of Serra do Navio and Macapá harbored the largest number of bryophytes (figure 2). These results are due to intensive inventories of bryophytes in specific areas from Amapá, such as the studies conducted by Oliveira-da-Silva & Ilkiu-Borges (2020) in two municipal natural parks of upland Amazon forest in these two municipalities and by Lisboa et al. (2006) in coastal areas of the Amapá municipality with collections in different phytophysiognomy such as várzea, mangrove, transition forest, and other vegetation types (figure 3).

    There are still large areas lacking investigation works on bryophytes, such as the municipality of Laranjal do Jari. Alone, this municipality covers 30,783 km2 which represents more than 20% of the territory of Amapá (IBGE 2019) and comprises important conservation units such as the National Park of Tumucumaque Mountains (Drummond et al. 2008). However, only Octoblepharum pulvinatum (Dozy & Molk.) Mitt. and Leucobryum martianum (Hornsch.) Müll. Hal. were registered in this municipality.

    It is expected that with further expeditions to unexplored and important areas of Amapá, such as Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque, Reserva Extrativista do Rio Jari and Floresta Nacional do Amapá, the number of species may considerably increase. The results reinforced the need for more comprehensive studies on the bryoflora from Amapá.

    Acknowledgements

    The authors are gratefull to the Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Botânica Tropical of Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi/Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia; to the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) for the Doctoral fellowship grant of the first author (process n° 141523/2020-4) and for the productivity fellowship grant of the third author (process n°302374/2016).

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    • Associate Editor: Regina Hirai

    Publication Dates

    • Publication in this collection
      13 Dec 2021
    • Date of issue
      2021

    History

    • Received
      29 June 2020
    • Accepted
      26 Oct 2020
    Creative Common - by 4.0
    This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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