Schistosomiasis mansoni in families of fishing workers of endemic area of Alagoas

Melo, Andrea Gomes Santana de; Irmão, José Jenivaldo de Melo; Jeraldo, Verónica de Lourdes Sierpe; Melo, Cláudia Moura

doi:10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2018-0150

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RESEARCH • Esc. Anna Nery 23 (1) • 2019 • https://doi.org/10.1590/2177-9465-EAN-2018-0150 copy

Schistosomiasis mansoni in families of fishing workers of endemic area of Alagoas^a a Extracted from the Doctorate Thesis, titled: Schistosomiasis in urban and rural area of Marechal Deodoro: macological, environmental, epidemiological and clinical aspects, by Andrea Gomes Santana de Melo, under the advisory of Dr. Cláudia Moura Melo and Dr. Verónica de Lourdes Sierpe Jeraldo, Program of Post-graduation Health and Environment. Tiradentes University, defended in the year of 2018.

Esquistosomiasis mansónica en familias de trabajadores de la pesca de área endémica de Alagoas

Authorship SCIMAGO INSTITUTIONS RANKINGS

Abstract

Objective:

To analyze the epidemiological and clinical aspects involved in the transmission and manifestation of schistosomiasis in a community of fishermen from the endemic area of Alagoas.

Methods:

Epidemiological, transversal, prospective, descriptive, quantitative study. The coproparasitological survey included 275 family units of fish workers and the epidemiological and clinical ones, those with a positive diagnosis for S. mansoni.

Results:

The prevalence of schistosomiasis was 13.9% (fishermen), 2.1% (shellfish) and 2.1% (family members). The occurrence of the infection varied according to gender, age, ethnicity and socioeconomic status. Exposure occurred near the home. Autochthonous and predominant low parasite burden, intestinal clinical presentation, abdominal pain and diarrhea were observed. There were no nutritional and pressure changes associated with parasitosis. Adherence to drug therapy and use of the schistosomicidal drug was feared.

Conclusion:

Fish workers are at high risk for contracting the disease with clinical hepatointestinal manifestation, which requires more intense health actions.

Keywords:
Schistosomiasis; Epidemiology; Vulnerable populations

Frequency	Fisherman		Selfish		χ²^* * Pearson chi-squared test of association (p-value)
	n	%	n	%	0.00
Daily	28	73.6	1	2.6
Weekly	5	13.2	1	2.6
Fortnightly	-	-	3	8
Total	33	86.8	5	13.2

	Fishing workers				χ²^* * Pearson chi-squared test; (p-value)	Family
	Fishermen		Selfish		χ²^* * Pearson chi-squared test; (p-value)	Family
	n	%	n	%	p < 0.05	n	%
Autochtony
Yes	33	100	5	100		11	100
No	-		-	-		-	-
Ethnicity
Black	6	18.1	-	-		2	18.2
White	8	24.3	2	40	p = 0.516	-	-
Brown	19	57.6	3	60		9	81.8
Age (years)
10 to 17	-	-	-	-		5	45.5
18 to 28	3	9.1	-	-		4	36.4
29 to 39	10	30.3	2	40	p = 0.061	2	18.1
40 to 49	9	27.3	1	20		-	-
50 to 59	5	15.1	-	-		-	-
+ 60	6	18.1	2	40
Family income						NA^ NA (Not Applicable);
Without Income	1	3.0	-	-
< 1SM^* ***** Minimum Wage.	22	66.7	3	60	p = 0.085
Between 1 and 2 SM	10	30.3	2	40
Family Allowance						NA
Yes	17	51.5	1	20
No	16	48.5	4	80
Schooling
Illiterate	17	51.5	2	40		1	9.1
Incomplete Basic School	15	45.5	2	40	p = 0.365	10	90,9
Complete Basic School	1	3.0	1	20		-	-
Provision (water)
Public	33	100	5	100		NA
Water (consumption)
Without treatment	32	97	5	100	p = 0.781	NA
Filtration	1	3.0	-
Energy (public)
Yes	33	100	5	100
Destination of thash
Septic Tank	21	63.6	3	60	p = 0.702	NA
River	9	27.3	2	40
Lagoon	3	9.1	-
Type of house
Brick (adobe)	32	97	5	100	p = 0.693	NA
Canvas	1	3,0	-

Clinical Variables	Fishing Workers				χ²^* * Pearson chi-squared test of association (p-value)	Family
	Fishermen		Selfish		χ²^* * Pearson chi-squared test of association (p-value)	Family
	n	%	n	%	p < 0.05	n	%
Infection intensity
Light (until 100/opg)	26	78.8	4	80		8	72.7
Moderate (101 to 400/opg)	7	21.2	1	20	p = 0.951	3	27.3
Abdomen (observation)
No alterations	33	100	5	100		11	100
Abdomen (palpation)
Pain (absent)	33	100	5	100		11	100
Liver
Palpable	3	9.1	-	-		-	-
Impalpable	30	90.9	5	100		11	100
Liver (Consistence)
Normal (Flaccid)	3	100	-	-		-	-
Liver (Surface)
Smooth	3	100	-	-		-	-
Spleen
Impalpable	33	100	5	100		11	100
Clinical Form
Intestinal	30	90.9	5	100	p = 0.482	11	100
Hepatointestinal	3	9.1	-	-		-	-

	Fishing workers
	Fishermen		Selfish		Family
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Abdominal pain
Yes	16	48.5	4	80	8	72.7
No	17	51,5	1	20	3	27,3
Pain (Intensity)
Light	6	37.5	2	50	6	75
Moderate	5	31.2	2	50	1	12.5
Intense	5	31.2	-	-	1	12.5
Pain (Frequency)
Always	3	18.7	1	25	1	12.5
Sometimes	13	81.3	3	75	7	87.5
Pain (Type)
Sharp	5	31.3	-		2	25
Colic	11	68.7	4	100	6	75
Diarrhea
Yes	13	39.4	4	80	3	27.3
No	20	60.6	1	20	8	72.7
Diarrhea (Intensity)
Light	6	46.2	4	80	3	100
Moderate	7	53.8	1	20	-	-
Diarrhea (Frequency)
Always	1	7.7	1	20	-	-
Sometimes	12	92.3	4	80	3	100
Rectal bleeding
Yes	7	21.2	1	20	1	9.1
No	26	78.8	4	80	10	90.9
Rectal bleeding (Intensity)
Light	7	100	1	100	1	100
Rectal bleeding (Frequency)
Rarely	7	100	1	100	1	100

	Fishing workers
	Fishermen		Selfish		Family
	n	%	n	%	n	%
Blood Pressure
Normotensive	7	21.2	-	-	7	63.6
Pre-hipertensive	10	30.3	4	80	3	27.3
Hipertensive	16	48.5	1	20	1	9.1
Nutritional Condition
Eutrophic	14	42.4	2	40	3	27.2
Malnutrition	-	-	-	-	5	45.5
Overweight	12	36.4	1	20	2	18.2
Obesity	7	21.2	2	40	1	9.1
Chemotherapy (Previous)
Yes	10	30.3	1	20	2	18.2
No	23	69.7	4	80	9	81.8
Chemotherapy (Current)
Yes	30	90.9	5	100	11	100
No	3	9.1	-	-	-	-

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[1] Corresponding author: Cláudia Moura de Melo. E-mail: claudiamouramelo@hotmail.com