Distribuição da assimilação de nitrato e de matéria seca em plantas jovens de café cultivadas em diferentes níveis de nitrogênio

Carelli, Maria Luiza Carvalho; Fahl, Joel Irineu

doi:10.1590/S0006-87051991000100004

Resumos

Foi estudado o efeito de níveis de nitrogênio na distribuição do processo de redução de nitrato e de matéria seca entre as raízes e a parte aérea, em plantas de café de nove meses de idade, cultivadas em areia em casa de vegetação e irrigadas com soluções nutritivas contendo 3,75, 7,5 e 15mM de nitrato. A área foliar e a matéria seca das folhas aumentaram com o nível de nitrato das soluções, enquanto a matéria seca das raízes e o número de pares de folhas no ramo ortotrópico não foram alterados. A atividade in vivo da redutase de nitrato nas raízes mais jovens foi bem maior do que a das folhas recém-expandidas e aumentou com a concentração de nitrato no meio de crescimento. Os valores da atividade enzimática, quando determinada com a adição de nitrato no meio de reação, foram superiores às análises sem nitrato, sugerindo que a atividade da redutase de nitrato nas raízes e, principalmente, nas folhas, foi limitada pela quantidade de substrato. O aumento na disponibilidade de nitrogênio para as plantas proporcionou maior crescimento da parte aérea, em relação às raízes.

café; crescimento da planta; redutase de nitrato; níveis de nitrogênio

Nitrate assimilation and plant growth were examined In young coffee plants cultivated in sand in the greenhouse. The plants were supplied with nutrient solutions containlng 3.75, 7.5 and 15mM of nitrate. The distribution among the roots and shoots was assessed. Leaf area and leaf dry weight increased with nitrate concentration, while root dry weight and leaf pair number remained constant The in vivo nitrate reductase activity, assayed with and without exogenous nitrate in root tips was higher than In recently expanded leaves, and increased with nitrate concentration. The highest nitrate reductase activity, assayed with exogenous nitrate, revealed limitation to nitrate assimilation by substrate availability in both leaves and roots. Shoot growth was higher than root growth as afunctlon of increasing nitrogen levels.

coffee; plant growth; nitrate reductase; nitrogen levels

I. BOTÂNICA E FISIOLOGIA DE PLANTAS

Distribuição da assimilação de nitrato e de matéria seca em plantas jovens de café cultivadas em diferentes níveis de nitrogênio

Distribution of nitrate assimilation and dry matter in young coffee plants cultivated in different levels of nitrogen

Maria Luiza Carvalho Carelli^* * Com bolsa de pesquisa do CNPq. ; Joel Irineu Fahl^* * Com bolsa de pesquisa do CNPq.

Seção de Fislologia, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Caixa Postal 28,13001 Campinas (SP)

RESUMO

Foi estudado o efeito de níveis de nitrogênio na distribuição do processo de redução de nitrato e de matéria seca entre as raízes e a parte aérea, em plantas de café de nove meses de idade, cultivadas em areia em casa de vegetação e irrigadas com soluções nutritivas contendo 3,75, 7,5 e 15mM de nitrato. A área foliar e a matéria seca das folhas aumentaram com o nível de nitrato das soluções, enquanto a matéria seca das raízes e o número de pares de folhas no ramo ortotrópico não foram alterados. A atividade in vivo da redutase de nitrato nas raízes mais jovens foi bem maior do que a das folhas recém-expandidas e aumentou com a concentração de nitrato no meio de crescimento. Os valores da atividade enzimática, quando determinada com a adição de nitrato no meio de reação, foram superiores às análises sem nitrato, sugerindo que a atividade da redutase de nitrato nas raízes e, principalmente, nas folhas, foi limitada pela quantidade de substrato. O aumento na disponibilidade de nitrogênio para as plantas proporcionou maior crescimento da parte aérea, em relação às raízes.

Termos de Indexação: café, crescimento da planta, redutase de nitrato, níveis de nitrogênio.

ABSTRACT

Nitrate assimilation and plant growth were examined In young coffee plants cultivated in sand in the greenhouse. The plants were supplied with nutrient solutions containlng 3.75, 7.5 and 15mM of nitrate. The distribution among the roots and shoots was assessed. Leaf area and leaf dry weight increased with nitrate concentration, while root dry weight and leaf pair number remained constant The in vivo nitrate reductase activity, assayed with and without exogenous nitrate in root tips was higher than In recently expanded leaves, and increased with nitrate concentration. The highest nitrate reductase activity, assayed with exogenous nitrate, revealed limitation to nitrate assimilation by substrate availability in both leaves and roots. Shoot growth was higher than root growth as afunctlon of increasing nitrogen levels.

Index terms: coffee, plant growth, nitrate reductase, nitrogen levels.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Recebido para publicação em 6 de agosto de 1990 e aceito em 4 de fevereiro de 1991.

ADAMS, M.A. & ATTIWILL, P.M. Nitrate reductase activity and growth response of forest species to ammonium and nitrate sources of nitrogen. Plant and Soil, The Hague, 66(3):373-381,1982.
ASLAM, M. & HUFFAKER, R. In vivo nitrate reduction in roots and shoots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings in light and darkness. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, 70(4):1009-1013, 1982.
BATAGLIA, O.C.; FURLANI, A.M.C.; TEIXEIRA, J.P.F.; FURLANI, P.R. & GALLO, J.R. Métodos de análise química de plantas. Campinas, Instituto Agronômico, 1983. 48p. (Boletim técnico, 78)
BOLLARD, E.G. Nitrogenous compounds in plant xylem sap. Nature, London, 178(4543):1189-1190, 1956.
^__________ Nitrogenous compounds in tracheal sap of woody members of the family Rosaceae. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, Melbourne, 10(3):288-291, 1957.
CANNELL, M.G.R. Crop physiological aspects of coffee bean yield: a review. Journal of Coffee Research, Kamataka, 5(1/2):7-20, 1975.
CARELLI, M.L.C. Estudo do processo de redução de nitrato durante o desenvolvimento inicial e no estádio reprodutivo de plantas de café (Coffea arabica L). Campinas, UNICAMP, 1987. 111p. Tese (Doutorado).
^__________; FAHL J.l. & MAGALHÃES, A.C. Atividade da redutase de nitrato em folhas e raízes de plantas de café (Coffea arabica L.). Revista Brasileira de Botânica, São Paulo, 13:119-123, 1990.
CHANTAROTWONG, W.; HUFFAKER, R.C.; MILLER, B.L. & GRANDSTEDT, R.C. In vivo nitrate reduction in relation to nitrate uptake, nitrate content, and in vitro nitrate reductase activity in intact barley seedlings. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, 57(4):519-522, 1976.
CRAFTS-BRANDNER.S.J.& HARPER, J.E. Nitrate reduction by roots of soybean(Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, 69(6):1298-1303, 1982.
HAGEMAN, R.H. & FLESHER, D. Nitrate reductase activity in corn seedlings as affected by light and nitrate content of nutrient media. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, 35(5):700-708, 1960.
HOAGLAND, D.R.& ARNON, D.I. The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. Berkeley, California Agricultural Experiment Station, 1939. 39. (Circular, 347)
KLEPPER, L. & HAGEMAN, R.H. The occurrence of nitrate reductase in apple leaves. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, 44(1):110-114,1969.
KRAMER, P.J. &KOZLOWSKI.T.T. Nitrogen metabolism and nutrition. In:^__________ & ^__________ Physiology of wood plants. London, Academic Press, 1979. cap. 9, p. 302-333.
LEWIS, O.A.M.;WATSON,E.F.& HEWITT, E.J. Determination of nitrate reductase activity in barley leaves and roots. Annals of Botany, London, 49(1):31-37, 1982.
MEGURO, N.E. & MAGALHÃES, A.C. Atividade da redutase de nitrato em cultívares de café. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, 17(12):1725-1731, 1982.
NOVOA, R. & LOOMIS, R.S. Nitrogen and plant production. Plant and Soil, The Hague, 58:177-204, 1981.
PATE, J.S. Transport and partitioning of nitrogenous solutes. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, Palo Alto, 31:313-340, 1980.
^__________ Uptake, assimilation and transport of nitrogen compounds by plants. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, Oxford, 5(1):109-119, 1973.
QUEIROZ, C.G.S.; ALVES, J.D.; CORDEIRO, A.T. & RENA, A.B. Distribuição da atividade da redutase de nitrato em Coffea arabica L. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PESQUISAS CAFEEIRAS, 12., Caxambu, 1985. Trabalhos apresentados. Rio de Janeiro, IBC/GERCA, 1985. p. 137-139.
RADIN, J.W. Contribution of the root system to nitrate assimilation in whole cotton plants. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, Melbourne, 4(5):811-819, 1977.
^__________; PARKER, L.L. & SELL, O.S. Partitioning of sugar between growth and nitrate reduction in cotton roots. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, 62(4):550-553, 1978.
SARRUGE, J.R. Soluções nutritivas. Summa Phytopathologica, Piracicaba, 1(3):231-233, 1975.
SCHRADER, L.E. & THOMAS, R.J. Nitrate uptake, production and transport in the whole plant. In: BEWLEY, J.D., ed. Nitrogen and carbon metabolism. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1981. cap.3, p. 49-93.
SMIRNOFF, N. & STEWART, G. R. Nitrate assimilation and translocation by higher plants: comparative physiology and ecological consequences. Physiologia Plantarum, Copenhagen, 64(2):133-140, 1985.
^__________; TODD, P. & STEWART, G.R. The occurrence of nitrate reduction in the leaves of woody plants. Annals of Botany, London, 54(3):363-374, 1984.
SUTHERLAND, J.M.; ANDREWS, M.; MclNROY, S. & SPRENT.J.I. The distribution of nitrate assimilation between root and shoot in Vicia faba L. Annals of Botany, London, 56(2):259-265, 1985.
WALLACE, W. The distribution and characteristics of nitrate reductase and glutamate dehydrogenase in the maize seedlings. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, 52(3):191-196, 1973.
^__________& PATE, J.S. Nitrate reductase in the field pea (Pisum arvense L). Annals of Botany, London, 29(116):655-671, 1965.
WEISSMAN, G.S. Influence of ammonium and nitrate nutrition on enzimatic activity in soybean and sunflower. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, 49(2):138-141, 1972.

*

Com bolsa de pesquisa do CNPq.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
19 Nov 2007
Data do Fascículo
1991

Histórico

Recebido
06 Ago 1990
Aceito
04 Fev 1991

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ADAMS, M.A. & ATTIWILL, P.M. Nitrate reductase activity and growth response of forest species to ammonium and nitrate sources of nitrogen. Plant and Soil, The Hague, 66(3):373-381,1982.

[2] ASLAM, M. & HUFFAKER, R. In vivo nitrate reduction in roots and shoots of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings in light and darkness. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, 70(4):1009-1013, 1982.

[3] BATAGLIA, O.C.; FURLANI, A.M.C.; TEIXEIRA, J.P.F.; FURLANI, P.R. & GALLO, J.R. Métodos de análise química de plantas. Campinas, Instituto Agronômico, 1983. 48p. (Boletim técnico, 78)

[4] BOLLARD, E.G. Nitrogenous compounds in plant xylem sap. Nature, London, 178(4543):1189-1190, 1956.

[5] ^__________ Nitrogenous compounds in tracheal sap of woody members of the family Rosaceae. Australian Journal of Biological Sciences, Melbourne, 10(3):288-291, 1957.

[6] CANNELL, M.G.R. Crop physiological aspects of coffee bean yield: a review. Journal of Coffee Research, Kamataka, 5(1/2):7-20, 1975.

[7] CARELLI, M.L.C. Estudo do processo de redução de nitrato durante o desenvolvimento inicial e no estádio reprodutivo de plantas de café (Coffea arabica L). Campinas, UNICAMP, 1987. 111p. Tese (Doutorado).

[8] ^__________; FAHL J.l. & MAGALHÃES, A.C. Atividade da redutase de nitrato em folhas e raízes de plantas de café (Coffea arabica L.). Revista Brasileira de Botânica, São Paulo, 13:119-123, 1990.

[9] CHANTAROTWONG, W.; HUFFAKER, R.C.; MILLER, B.L. & GRANDSTEDT, R.C. In vivo nitrate reduction in relation to nitrate uptake, nitrate content, and in vitro nitrate reductase activity in intact barley seedlings. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, 57(4):519-522, 1976.

[10] CRAFTS-BRANDNER.S.J.& HARPER, J.E. Nitrate reduction by roots of soybean(Glycine max (L.) Merr.) seedlings. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, 69(6):1298-1303, 1982.

[11] HAGEMAN, R.H. & FLESHER, D. Nitrate reductase activity in corn seedlings as affected by light and nitrate content of nutrient media. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, 35(5):700-708, 1960.

[12] HOAGLAND, D.R.& ARNON, D.I. The water-culture method for growing plants without soil. Berkeley, California Agricultural Experiment Station, 1939. 39. (Circular, 347)

[13] KLEPPER, L. & HAGEMAN, R.H. The occurrence of nitrate reductase in apple leaves. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, 44(1):110-114,1969.

[14] KRAMER, P.J. &KOZLOWSKI.T.T. Nitrogen metabolism and nutrition. In:^__________ & ^__________ Physiology of wood plants. London, Academic Press, 1979. cap. 9, p. 302-333.

[15] LEWIS, O.A.M.;WATSON,E.F.& HEWITT, E.J. Determination of nitrate reductase activity in barley leaves and roots. Annals of Botany, London, 49(1):31-37, 1982.

[16] MEGURO, N.E. & MAGALHÃES, A.C. Atividade da redutase de nitrato em cultívares de café. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, 17(12):1725-1731, 1982.

[17] NOVOA, R. & LOOMIS, R.S. Nitrogen and plant production. Plant and Soil, The Hague, 58:177-204, 1981.

[18] PATE, J.S. Transport and partitioning of nitrogenous solutes. Annual Review of Plant Physiology, Palo Alto, 31:313-340, 1980.

[19] ^__________ Uptake, assimilation and transport of nitrogen compounds by plants. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, Oxford, 5(1):109-119, 1973.

[20] QUEIROZ, C.G.S.; ALVES, J.D.; CORDEIRO, A.T. & RENA, A.B. Distribuição da atividade da redutase de nitrato em Coffea arabica L. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE PESQUISAS CAFEEIRAS, 12., Caxambu, 1985. Trabalhos apresentados. Rio de Janeiro, IBC/GERCA, 1985. p. 137-139.

[21] RADIN, J.W. Contribution of the root system to nitrate assimilation in whole cotton plants. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, Melbourne, 4(5):811-819, 1977.

[22] ^__________; PARKER, L.L. & SELL, O.S. Partitioning of sugar between growth and nitrate reduction in cotton roots. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, 62(4):550-553, 1978.

[23] SARRUGE, J.R. Soluções nutritivas. Summa Phytopathologica, Piracicaba, 1(3):231-233, 1975.

[24] SCHRADER, L.E. & THOMAS, R.J. Nitrate uptake, production and transport in the whole plant. In: BEWLEY, J.D., ed. Nitrogen and carbon metabolism. The Hague, Martinus Nijhoff, 1981. cap.3, p. 49-93.

[25] SMIRNOFF, N. & STEWART, G. R. Nitrate assimilation and translocation by higher plants: comparative physiology and ecological consequences. Physiologia Plantarum, Copenhagen, 64(2):133-140, 1985.

[26] ^__________; TODD, P. & STEWART, G.R. The occurrence of nitrate reduction in the leaves of woody plants. Annals of Botany, London, 54(3):363-374, 1984.

[27] SUTHERLAND, J.M.; ANDREWS, M.; MclNROY, S. & SPRENT.J.I. The distribution of nitrate assimilation between root and shoot in Vicia faba L. Annals of Botany, London, 56(2):259-265, 1985.

[28] WALLACE, W. The distribution and characteristics of nitrate reductase and glutamate dehydrogenase in the maize seedlings. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, 52(3):191-196, 1973.

[29] ^__________& PATE, J.S. Nitrate reductase in the field pea (Pisum arvense L). Annals of Botany, London, 29(116):655-671, 1965.

[30] WEISSMAN, G.S. Influence of ammonium and nitrate nutrition on enzimatic activity in soybean and sunflower. Plant Physiology, Lancaster, 49(2):138-141, 1972.

Brasil

Brasil

Distribuição da assimilação de nitrato e de matéria seca em plantas jovens de café cultivadas em diferentes níveis de nitrogênio

Distribution of nitrate assimilation and dry matter in young coffee plants cultivated in different levels of nitrogen

Resumos

Datas de Publicação

Histórico