Influence of grape genotype, ripening season, seed trace size, and culture date on in ovule embryo development and plant formation

Pommer, Celso V.; Ramming, David W.; Emershad, Richard L.

doi:10.1590/S0006-87051995000200002

Abstracts

Eighteen seedless grape genotypes differing in ripening season (early, mid and late) and in seed trace size (small, medium and large) were harvested at 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22 weeks past bloom (wpb). Using embryo rescue techniques it was studied if embryo do abort as the fruit matures and what percent embryos remain viable at later stages. The size of seed trace was also investigated to determine its influence on embryo viability during maturation. It was found that genotype have great influence on embryo culture traits. Late maturing genotypes showed fewer rescued embryos, germinated embryos and transplantable plants than early and mid season ones. The best culture time for grape embryo rescue is 6 and 10 wpb. At these dates, the largest number of embryos, germinated embryos and transplantable plants were obtained. Genotypes with the largest ratio for seed trace weight/seed trace length (i.e., largest density) showed the greatest tendency to have the largest number of ovules with embryos, more germinated embryos and more transplantable plants. The study also showed that it is possible to recover plants from mature fruit harvested late, although at a much reduced rate.

seedless grapes; embryo rescue; genotypes; "in vitro" culture

Dezoito genótipos de uvas (Vitis vinifera L.) apirenas, sem sementes diferindo na época de maturação (precoce, média e tardia) c no tamanho da semente-traço (pequena, média e grande), foram colhidos a 6, 10, 14, 18 e 22 semanas após o florescimento. Usando técnicas de resgate de embrião, foi estudado se o embrião aborta à medida que o fruto amadurece e quais percentagens de embriões permanecem viáveis em estádios mais avançados. O tamanho da semente-traço também foi investigado para determinar sua influência na viabilidade do embrião durante a maturação. Verificou-se que o genótipo tem grande influência nas características relacionadas com a cultura de embrião. Genótipos de maturação tardia mostraram menos embriões resgatados e germinados e menos plântulas transplantáveis do que aqueles precoces e médios. As melhores épocas para cultura visando ao resgate de embrião de uva são as de 6 e 10 semanas após o florescimento. Nessas datas, obtiveram-se os maiores números de embriões germinados e de plântulas transplantáveis. Genótipos com as maiores relações entre peso de semente-traço/comprimento de semente-traço (isto é, maior densidade) revelaram-se propensos a ter maior número de óvulos com embriões, mais embriões germinados e mais plântulas transplantáveis. O estudo também mostrou que é possível obter plantas de frutos maduros colhidos tardiamente, embora a uma taxa mais reduzida.

videira; Vitis vinifera L.; resgate de embrião; cultura "in vitro"; apirenia

I. BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PLANT PHYSIOLOGY

Influence of grape genotype, ripening season, seed trace size, and culture date on in ovule embryo development and plant formation¹ 1 Research carried out at the Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (HCRL/ARS/USDA).

Influência do genótipo, época de maturação, tamanho da semente-traço e época da cultura sobre o desenvolvimento do embrião no óvulo e a formação da planta de videira

Celso V. Pommer^I; David W. Ramming^II; Richard L. Emershad^II

^IVisiting Scientist, Instituto Agronômico (IAC), Caixa Postal 28, 13001-970 Campinas, SP, Brasil, with research grant from CNPq

^IIHCRL/ARS/USDA, 2021 S. Peach Ave. Fresno, CA 93727, USA

ABSTRACT

Eighteen seedless grape genotypes differing in ripening season (early, mid and late) and in seed trace size (small, medium and large) were harvested at 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22 weeks past bloom (wpb). Using embryo rescue techniques it was studied if embryo do abort as the fruit matures and what percent embryos remain viable at later stages. The size of seed trace was also investigated to determine its influence on embryo viability during maturation. It was found that genotype have great influence on embryo culture traits. Late maturing genotypes showed fewer rescued embryos, germinated embryos and transplantable plants than early and mid season ones. The best culture time for grape embryo rescue is 6 and 10 wpb. At these dates, the largest number of embryos, germinated embryos and transplantable plants were obtained. Genotypes with the largest ratio for seed trace weight/seed trace length (i.e., largest density) showed the greatest tendency to have the largest number of ovules with embryos, more germinated embryos and more transplantable plants. The study also showed that it is possible to recover plants from mature fruit harvested late, although at a much reduced rate.

Index terms: seedless grapes, embryo rescue, genotypes, "in vitro" culture.

RESUMO

Dezoito genótipos de uvas (Vitis vinifera L.) apirenas, sem sementes diferindo na época de maturação (precoce, média e tardia) c no tamanho da semente-traço (pequena, média e grande), foram colhidos a 6, 10, 14, 18 e 22 semanas após o florescimento. Usando técnicas de resgate de embrião, foi estudado se o embrião aborta à medida que o fruto amadurece e quais percentagens de embriões permanecem viáveis em estádios mais avançados. O tamanho da semente-traço também foi investigado para determinar sua influência na viabilidade do embrião durante a maturação. Verificou-se que o genótipo tem grande influência nas características relacionadas com a cultura de embrião. Genótipos de maturação tardia mostraram menos embriões resgatados e germinados e menos plântulas transplantáveis do que aqueles precoces e médios. As melhores épocas para cultura visando ao resgate de embrião de uva são as de 6 e 10 semanas após o florescimento. Nessas datas, obtiveram-se os maiores números de embriões germinados e de plântulas transplantáveis. Genótipos com as maiores relações entre peso de semente-traço/comprimento de semente-traço (isto é, maior densidade) revelaram-se propensos a ter maior número de óvulos com embriões, mais embriões germinados e mais plântulas transplantáveis. O estudo também mostrou que é possível obter plantas de frutos maduros colhidos tardiamente, embora a uma taxa mais reduzida.

Termos de indexação: videira, Vitis vinifera L., resgate de embrião, cultura "in vitro", apirenia.

Full text available only in PDF format.

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LITERATURE CITED

Received for publication in October 31^st, 1994 and approved in June 19, 1995

BARLASS, M.; RAMMING, D.W. & DAVIS, H.P. In-ovulo embryo culture: a breeding technique to rescue seedless x seedless table grapes. The Australian Gra-pegrower & Winemaker. 1988, p.123-125.
BLAKE, M.A. Some results of crosses of early ripening varieties of peaches. Proceedings of the American Society Horticultural Science, Alexandria, 37:232-241, 1939.
BOUQUET, A. & DAVIS, H.P. Culture in vitro d'ovules et d'embryons de vigne (Vitis vinifera L.) appliquée a la selection de varietés de raisins de table sans pepins. Agronomie, Paris, 9:565, 574, 1989.
CAIN, D.W.; EMERSHAD, R.L. & TARAILO, R.E. In-ovulo embryo culture and seedling development of seeded and seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Vitis, Siebeldingen, 22:9-14, 1983.
EMERSHAD, R.L. & RAMMING, D.W. In-ovulo embryo culture of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Thompson Seedless. HortScience, Alexandria, 17:576, Abstr. 1982.
EMERSHAD, R.L. & RAMMING, D.W. In-ovulo embryo culture of Vitis vinifera L. cv. 'Thompson Seedless'. American Journal of Botany, Columbus, 71:873-877, 1984.
EMERSHAD, R.L.; RAMMING, D.W. & SERPE, M.S. In-ovulo embryo development and plant formation from stenospermic genotypes of Vitis vinifera. American Journal of Botany, Columbus, 76(3):397-402, 1989.
GOLDY, R.G. & AMBORN, U. In vitro culturability of ovules from 10 seedless grape clones. HortScience, Alexandria, 22:952, 1987.
GRAY, D.J.; MORTENSEN, J.A.; BENTON, CM.; DURHAM, R.E. & MOORE, G.A. Ovule culture to obtain progeny from hybrid seedless bunch grapes. Journal of the American Society Horticultural Science, Alexandria, 115:1019-1024, 1990.
LLOYD, G. & McCOWN, B. Commercially-feasible mi-cropropagation of mountain laurel. Kalmia latifolia, by use of shoot tip culture. Proceedings of International Plant Propagation Society, 30:421-427, 1986.
PEARSON, H.M. Parthenocarpy and seedlessness in Vitis vinifera. Science, Washington, DC, 76:594, 1932.
RAMMING, D.W. The use of embryo culture in fruit breeding. HortScience, Alexandria, 25(4):393-398, 1990.
SPIEGEL-ROY, P.; SAHAR, N.; BARON, J. & LAVI, U. In vitro culture and plant formation from grape cultivars with abortive ovules and seeds. Journal of the American Society Horticultural Science, Alexandria, 110(1):109-112. 1985.
STAMP, J.A. & MEREDITH, C.P. Proliferative somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos of grapevine, Journal of the American Society Horticultural Science, Alexandria, 113(6):941-945, 1988.
STOUT, A.B. Seedlessness in grapes. New York Agricultural Experiment Station 1936, (Techn. Bull., 238)

1

Research carried out at the Horticultural Crops Research Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (HCRL/ARS/USDA).

Publication Dates

Publication in this collection
16 Oct 2007
Date of issue
1995

History

Accepted
19 June 1995
Received
31 Oct 1994

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] BARLASS, M.; RAMMING, D.W. & DAVIS, H.P. In-ovulo embryo culture: a breeding technique to rescue seedless x seedless table grapes. The Australian Gra-pegrower & Winemaker. 1988, p.123-125.

[2] BLAKE, M.A. Some results of crosses of early ripening varieties of peaches. Proceedings of the American Society Horticultural Science, Alexandria, 37:232-241, 1939.

[3] BOUQUET, A. & DAVIS, H.P. Culture in vitro d'ovules et d'embryons de vigne (Vitis vinifera L.) appliquée a la selection de varietés de raisins de table sans pepins. Agronomie, Paris, 9:565, 574, 1989.

[4] CAIN, D.W.; EMERSHAD, R.L. & TARAILO, R.E. In-ovulo embryo culture and seedling development of seeded and seedless grapes (Vitis vinifera L.). Vitis, Siebeldingen, 22:9-14, 1983.

[5] EMERSHAD, R.L. & RAMMING, D.W. In-ovulo embryo culture of Vitis vinifera L. cv. Thompson Seedless. HortScience, Alexandria, 17:576, Abstr. 1982.

[6] EMERSHAD, R.L. & RAMMING, D.W. In-ovulo embryo culture of Vitis vinifera L. cv. 'Thompson Seedless'. American Journal of Botany, Columbus, 71:873-877, 1984.

[7] EMERSHAD, R.L.; RAMMING, D.W. & SERPE, M.S. In-ovulo embryo development and plant formation from stenospermic genotypes of Vitis vinifera. American Journal of Botany, Columbus, 76(3):397-402, 1989.

[8] GOLDY, R.G. & AMBORN, U. In vitro culturability of ovules from 10 seedless grape clones. HortScience, Alexandria, 22:952, 1987.

[9] GRAY, D.J.; MORTENSEN, J.A.; BENTON, CM.; DURHAM, R.E. & MOORE, G.A. Ovule culture to obtain progeny from hybrid seedless bunch grapes. Journal of the American Society Horticultural Science, Alexandria, 115:1019-1024, 1990.

[10] LLOYD, G. & McCOWN, B. Commercially-feasible mi-cropropagation of mountain laurel. Kalmia latifolia, by use of shoot tip culture. Proceedings of International Plant Propagation Society, 30:421-427, 1986.

[11] PEARSON, H.M. Parthenocarpy and seedlessness in Vitis vinifera. Science, Washington, DC, 76:594, 1932.

[12] RAMMING, D.W. The use of embryo culture in fruit breeding. HortScience, Alexandria, 25(4):393-398, 1990.

[13] SPIEGEL-ROY, P.; SAHAR, N.; BARON, J. & LAVI, U. In vitro culture and plant formation from grape cultivars with abortive ovules and seeds. Journal of the American Society Horticultural Science, Alexandria, 110(1):109-112. 1985.

[14] STAMP, J.A. & MEREDITH, C.P. Proliferative somatic embryogenesis from zygotic embryos of grapevine, Journal of the American Society Horticultural Science, Alexandria, 113(6):941-945, 1988.

[15] STOUT, A.B. Seedlessness in grapes. New York Agricultural Experiment Station 1936, (Techn. Bull., 238)