Efeito de várias disponibilidades hídricas, atuando como pré-condicionamento fisiológico durante a germinação das sementes de milho, no desenvolvimento das plântulas

Silva, W.R.da; Marcos Filho, J.

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761990000200008

Resumos

O presente trabalho buscou estimar os eventuais efeitos de pré-condicionamento fisiológico promovidos, durante o início da germinação das sementes de milho, por ambientes variáveis quanto à disponibilidade de água (0 a -12 atm). Para tanto, os períodos de deficiência eram sucedidos por prazos fixos de 5 dias sem limitações hídricas e comparados com uma testemunha que permaneceu, igualmente, sem restrições quanto à disponibilidade de água durante 5 dias. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que a técnica de pré-condicionamento hídrico das sementes pode, se devidamente adaptada em seus detalhes, propiciar algumas vantagens no desenvolvimento das plântulas delas oriundas. Adicionalmente, o tratamento químico fungicida das sementes, submetidas a pré-condicionamento hídrico, pode não trazer os benefícios esperados às plântulas; há casos isolados, ligados a produção de anormalidades nas estruturas embrionárias, em que o seu efeito é prejudicial.

milho; sementes; germinação; pré-condicionamento fisiológico

The present paper considers the possible effects of physiological pre-treatment during the beginning of corn seeds germination in environments variable as to water availability (0 to -12 atm ). Periods of defficiency followed by 5 days without hydric limitations were compared with a control that remained equally, without reservations as to the disposability of water during 5 days. Results indicated that hydric pre-treatment of seeds can, if property adapted in its details, provide some advantages in the development of the seedlings derived from them. Chemical fungicide treatment of the seeds, submmited to the hydric pre-treatment may not be beneficial to the seedlings; as indicated by, in some isolated cases, the production of abnormalities in the embryonic structures.

corn; seeds; germination; priming

ARTIGOS ARTICLES

FITOTECNIA CROP SCIENCE

Efeito de várias disponibilidades hídricas, atuando como pré-condicionamento fisiológico durante a germinação das sementes de milho, no desenvolvimento das plântulas^* * Publicado em Resumos dos Trabalhos Técnicos do VI Congresso Brasileiro de Sementes, Brasília, 1989. Extraído da Tese de Doutorado do primeiro autor: (ESALQ/USP, 1989).

Corn seedling development as affected by physiologically conditioning seed germination under various water availability conditions

W.R.da Silva; J. Marcos Filho

Departamento de Agricultura da E.S.A. "Luiz de Queiroz" da Universidade de São Paulo - 13.400 - Piracicaba, SP. Bolsistas do CNPq

RESUMO

O presente trabalho buscou estimar os eventuais efeitos de pré-condicionamento fisiológico promovidos, durante o início da germinação das sementes de milho, por ambientes variáveis quanto à disponibilidade de água (0 a -12 atm). Para tanto, os períodos de deficiência eram sucedidos por prazos fixos de 5 dias sem limitações hídricas e comparados com uma testemunha que permaneceu, igualmente, sem restrições quanto à disponibilidade de água durante 5 dias. Os resultados encontrados indicaram que a técnica de pré-condicionamento hídrico das sementes pode, se devidamente adaptada em seus detalhes, propiciar algumas vantagens no desenvolvimento das plântulas delas oriundas. Adicionalmente, o tratamento químico fungicida das sementes, submetidas a pré-condicionamento hídrico, pode não trazer os benefícios esperados às plântulas; há casos isolados, ligados a produção de anormalidades nas estruturas embrionárias, em que o seu efeito é prejudicial.

Termos para indexação: milho, sementes, germinação, pré-condicionamento fisiológico.

ABSTRACT

The present paper considers the possible effects of physiological pre-treatment during the beginning of corn seeds germination in environments variable as to water availability (0 to -12 atm ). Periods of defficiency followed by 5 days without hydric limitations were compared with a control that remained equally, without reservations as to the disposability of water during 5 days. Results indicated that hydric pre-treatment of seeds can, if property adapted in its details, provide some advantages in the development of the seedlings derived from them. Chemical fungicide treatment of the seeds, submmited to the hydric pre-treatment may not be beneficial to the seedlings; as indicated by, in some isolated cases, the production of abnormalities in the embryonic structures.

Index terms: corn, seeds, germination, priming.

Texto completo disponível apenas em PDF.

Full text available only in PDF format.

Entregue para publicação em: 26/01/90

Aprovado para publicação em: 10/10/90

ADEGBUYI, E.; COOPER, R.S.; DON, R. Osmotic priming of some herbage grass seed using polyethylene glycol (PEG). Seed Science and Technology, Zurich, 9(3): 867-78, 1981.
AKALEHIYWOT, T. & BEWLEY, J.D. Promotion and synchronization of cereal grain germination by osmotic pretreatment with polyethylene glycol.Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 89:503-6, 1977.
BODSWORTH, S. & BEWLEY, J.D. Osmotic priming of seeds of crop species with polyethylene glycol as a means of enhancing early and synchronous germination at cool temperatures. Canadian Journal of Botany, Ottawa, 59:672-6, 1981.
BRADFORD, K.J. Manipulation of seed water relations via osmotic priming to improve germination under stress conditions. Hortscience. Alexandria, 21(5): 1105-12, 1986.
CAL, J.P. & OBENDORF, R.L. Imbibitional chilling injury in Zea mays L. actered by initial kernal moisture and maternal parent. Crop Science, Madison, 12:369-73, 1972.
EIRA, M.T.S. Condicionamento osmotico de sementes de alface (Lactuca sativa L.); efeitos sobre a germinação e desempenho sob estresses hídrico, salino e térmico. Piracicaba, 1988. 90p. (Mestrado - Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/USP).
HADAS, A. Water uptake and germination of leguminous seeds under changing external water potential in osmotic solutions. Journal of Experimental Botany, Oxford, 27:480-9, 1976.
HENDRICKS, S.B. & TAYLORSON, R.B. Variation in the germination and aminoacid leakage of seeds with temperature related to membrane phase change. Plant Physiology, Rochville, 58:7-11, 1976.
HERNER, R.C. Germination under cold soil conditions. Hortscience, Alexandria, 21(5):1118-22, 1986.
HEYDECKER, W.; HIGGINS , J . ; GUILLIVER, R.I. Accelerated germination by osmotic seed treatment. Nature,London, 246(42-4), 1973.
HEYDECKER, W.; HIGGINS, J.; TURNER, Y.J. Invigoration of seeds? Seed Science and Technology, Zurich, 3:881-8, 1975.
JACKSON, VI.T. Use of carbowaxes (polyethylene glicols) as osmotic agents. Plant Physiology, Rockville, 37(4):513-9, 1962.
KHAN, A.A.; BRAUN, J.W.; TAO, K.L.; MILLIER, W.F.; BENSIN, R.F. New methods for maintaining seed vigor and improving performance. Journal of Seed Technology, East Lansing, 1(2):33-57, 1976.
KHAN, A.A. ; PECK, N.H.; SAMIMY,C. Seed osmoconditioning, physiological and biochemical changes. Israel Journal of Botany, Jerusalem, 29:133-44, 1980/81.
KHAN, A.A.; TAO, K.L.; KNYPL, J.S.; BORKOWSKA, B.; POWELL, L.E. Osmotic conditioning of seeds: physiological and biochemical changes. Acta Horticulturae. The Hague, 83:267-78, 1978.
KIMATI, H.; SOAVE, J.; ESKES, A.B.; KUROZAWA, C; BRIGNANI NETO, F.; FERNANDES, N.G. Guia de fungicidas agrícolas Piracicaba, Livroceres, 1986. 281p.
KNYPL, J.S. & KHAN, A.A. Osmoconditioning of soybeans seeds to improve performance at suboptimal temperatures. Agronomy Journal, Madison, 73:112-6, 1981.
KNYPL, J.S.; JANAS, K.M.; RADZIWONOWSKA-JOZWIAK, A. Is enhanced vigour in soybean (Glycine max) dependent on activation of protein turnover during controlled hydration of seeds? Physiologie Vegetale, Paris, 18(1):157-61, 1980.
LABORIAU, L.G. A germinação das sementes. Washington, OEA, 1983. 174p.
MANCHAR, M.S. Effects of osmotic systems on germination of peas (Pisum sativum L.). Planta, New York, 71:81-8, 1966.
MARCOS FILHO, J. Germinação de sementes. In: SEMANA DE ATUALIZAÇÃO EM PRODUÇÃO DE SEMENTES, 1., Piracicaba, 1986. Campinas, Fundação Cargill, 1986. p.11-39.
MATTHEWS, S. & POWELL, A.A. Environmental and physiological constraints on field performance of seeds. Hortscience, Alexandria, 21(5):1125-8, 1986.
MICHEL, B.E. & KAUFMAN, M.E. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiology, Rockville, 51:914-6, 1973.
PANDEY, D.K. Priming induced repair in french bean seeds. Seed Science and Technology, Zurich, 16:527-32, 1988.
PARMAR, M.T. & MOORE, R.P. Carbowax 6000, mannitol, and sodium chloride for simulating drought conditions in germination studies of corn (Zea mays L.) of strong and weak vigor. Agronomy Journal, Madison, 60:192-5, 1968.
PESKE, S.T. Germination and emergence of soybean seeds as related to moisture stress. Mississipi, 1983. 81p. (PhD - Mississipi State University).
PESKE,S.T. & DELOUCHE, J.C. Semeadura de soja em condições de baixa umidade do solo. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, 20(1):69-85, 1985.
PRISCO, J.F. & O'LEARY, J.W. Osmotic and "toxic" effects of salinity on germination of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds, Turrialba, San Jose, 20(2): 177-84, 1970.
SINCLAIR, J.B. Soybean seed pathology. In: YORINORI, J.T.; SINCLAIR, K.B.; MEHTA, Y.R.; MOHAN, S.K., ed. Seed pathology, problems and progress. Londrina, IAPAR, 1979. 274p.
SILVA, W.R. & MARCOS FILHO, J. Avaliação da embebição e do desenvolvimento inicial das estruturas embrionárias de sementes de milho submetidas a diferentes potenciais hídricos. Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, 47(2):335-59, 1990a.
SILVA, W.R. & MARCOS FILHO, J. Estudo comparativo entre o desenvolvimento de plântulas de milho após período de exposição a vários potenciais hídricos. Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, 47(2):361-87 , 1990b.
STEUTER, A.A.; MOZAFAR, A. ; GOODIN, J.R. Water potential of aqueous polyethylene glycol. Plant Physiology, Pockville, 67:64-7, 1981.
TILDEN, R.L. & WEST, S.H. Reversal of the effects of aging in soybean seeds. Plant Physiology, Rochville, 77:584-6, 1985.
TONKIN, J.H.B. Pelleting and other presowing treatments. Advances in Research and Technology of Seeds, Wageningem, 4:84-105,1979.
TONKIN, J.H.B. Pelleting and other presowing treatments. Advances in Research and Technology of Seeds, Wageningem, 9:94-127, 1985.
WALDREN, L.J. & MANBEIAN, T. Soil moisture characteristics by osmosis with polyethylene glycol; a simple system with osmotic pressure data and some results. Soil Science, New Brunswick, 110:401-4, 1979.
WOODSTOCK, L.W. &TAO, K.L.J. Prevention of imbibitional injury in low vigor soybean embryonic axes by osmotic control of water uptake. Physiologia Plantarum, Kobenhavn, 51:133-9, 1981.
WOODSTOCK, L.W. & TAYLORSON, R.B. Soaking injury and its reversal with polyethilene glycol in relation to respiratory metabolism in high and low vigor soybean seeds. Physiologia Plantarum, Kobenhavn, 53:263-8, 1981.
YOUNG, J.A.; EVANS, R.A.; ROUNDY, B.; GREG, C. Moisturestress and seed germination. Washington, USDA, 1983. 40p. (Agric. Res. Service, 36).

*

Publicado em Resumos dos Trabalhos Técnicos do VI Congresso Brasileiro de Sementes, Brasília, 1989. Extraído da Tese de Doutorado do primeiro autor: (ESALQ/USP, 1989).

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
14 Maio 2009
Data do Fascículo
1990

Histórico

Aceito
10 Out 1990
Recebido
26 Jan 1990

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] ADEGBUYI, E.; COOPER, R.S.; DON, R. Osmotic priming of some herbage grass seed using polyethylene glycol (PEG). Seed Science and Technology, Zurich, 9(3): 867-78, 1981.

[2] AKALEHIYWOT, T. & BEWLEY, J.D. Promotion and synchronization of cereal grain germination by osmotic pretreatment with polyethylene glycol.Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge, 89:503-6, 1977.

[3] BODSWORTH, S. & BEWLEY, J.D. Osmotic priming of seeds of crop species with polyethylene glycol as a means of enhancing early and synchronous germination at cool temperatures. Canadian Journal of Botany, Ottawa, 59:672-6, 1981.

[4] BRADFORD, K.J. Manipulation of seed water relations via osmotic priming to improve germination under stress conditions. Hortscience. Alexandria, 21(5): 1105-12, 1986.

[5] CAL, J.P. & OBENDORF, R.L. Imbibitional chilling injury in Zea mays L. actered by initial kernal moisture and maternal parent. Crop Science, Madison, 12:369-73, 1972.

[6] EIRA, M.T.S. Condicionamento osmotico de sementes de alface (Lactuca sativa L.); efeitos sobre a germinação e desempenho sob estresses hídrico, salino e térmico. Piracicaba, 1988. 90p. (Mestrado - Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz"/USP).

[7] HADAS, A. Water uptake and germination of leguminous seeds under changing external water potential in osmotic solutions. Journal of Experimental Botany, Oxford, 27:480-9, 1976.

[8] HENDRICKS, S.B. & TAYLORSON, R.B. Variation in the germination and aminoacid leakage of seeds with temperature related to membrane phase change. Plant Physiology, Rochville, 58:7-11, 1976.

[9] HERNER, R.C. Germination under cold soil conditions. Hortscience, Alexandria, 21(5):1118-22, 1986.

[10] HEYDECKER, W.; HIGGINS , J . ; GUILLIVER, R.I. Accelerated germination by osmotic seed treatment. Nature,London, 246(42-4), 1973.

[11] HEYDECKER, W.; HIGGINS, J.; TURNER, Y.J. Invigoration of seeds? Seed Science and Technology, Zurich, 3:881-8, 1975.

[12] JACKSON, VI.T. Use of carbowaxes (polyethylene glicols) as osmotic agents. Plant Physiology, Rockville, 37(4):513-9, 1962.

[13] KHAN, A.A.; BRAUN, J.W.; TAO, K.L.; MILLIER, W.F.; BENSIN, R.F. New methods for maintaining seed vigor and improving performance. Journal of Seed Technology, East Lansing, 1(2):33-57, 1976.

[14] KHAN, A.A. ; PECK, N.H.; SAMIMY,C. Seed osmoconditioning, physiological and biochemical changes. Israel Journal of Botany, Jerusalem, 29:133-44, 1980/81.

[15] KHAN, A.A.; TAO, K.L.; KNYPL, J.S.; BORKOWSKA, B.; POWELL, L.E. Osmotic conditioning of seeds: physiological and biochemical changes. Acta Horticulturae. The Hague, 83:267-78, 1978.

[16] KIMATI, H.; SOAVE, J.; ESKES, A.B.; KUROZAWA, C; BRIGNANI NETO, F.; FERNANDES, N.G. Guia de fungicidas agrícolas Piracicaba, Livroceres, 1986. 281p.

[17] KNYPL, J.S. & KHAN, A.A. Osmoconditioning of soybeans seeds to improve performance at suboptimal temperatures. Agronomy Journal, Madison, 73:112-6, 1981.

[18] KNYPL, J.S.; JANAS, K.M.; RADZIWONOWSKA-JOZWIAK, A. Is enhanced vigour in soybean (Glycine max) dependent on activation of protein turnover during controlled hydration of seeds? Physiologie Vegetale, Paris, 18(1):157-61, 1980.

[19] LABORIAU, L.G. A germinação das sementes. Washington, OEA, 1983. 174p.

[20] MANCHAR, M.S. Effects of osmotic systems on germination of peas (Pisum sativum L.). Planta, New York, 71:81-8, 1966.

[21] MARCOS FILHO, J. Germinação de sementes. In: SEMANA DE ATUALIZAÇÃO EM PRODUÇÃO DE SEMENTES, 1., Piracicaba, 1986. Campinas, Fundação Cargill, 1986. p.11-39.

[22] MATTHEWS, S. & POWELL, A.A. Environmental and physiological constraints on field performance of seeds. Hortscience, Alexandria, 21(5):1125-8, 1986.

[23] MICHEL, B.E. & KAUFMAN, M.E. The osmotic potential of polyethylene glycol 6000. Plant Physiology, Rockville, 51:914-6, 1973.

[24] PANDEY, D.K. Priming induced repair in french bean seeds. Seed Science and Technology, Zurich, 16:527-32, 1988.

[25] PARMAR, M.T. & MOORE, R.P. Carbowax 6000, mannitol, and sodium chloride for simulating drought conditions in germination studies of corn (Zea mays L.) of strong and weak vigor. Agronomy Journal, Madison, 60:192-5, 1968.

[26] PESKE, S.T. Germination and emergence of soybean seeds as related to moisture stress. Mississipi, 1983. 81p. (PhD - Mississipi State University).

[27] PESKE,S.T. & DELOUCHE, J.C. Semeadura de soja em condições de baixa umidade do solo. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, 20(1):69-85, 1985.

[28] PRISCO, J.F. & O'LEARY, J.W. Osmotic and "toxic" effects of salinity on germination of Phaseolus vulgaris L. seeds, Turrialba, San Jose, 20(2): 177-84, 1970.

[29] SINCLAIR, J.B. Soybean seed pathology. In: YORINORI, J.T.; SINCLAIR, K.B.; MEHTA, Y.R.; MOHAN, S.K., ed. Seed pathology, problems and progress. Londrina, IAPAR, 1979. 274p.

[30] SILVA, W.R. & MARCOS FILHO, J. Avaliação da embebição e do desenvolvimento inicial das estruturas embrionárias de sementes de milho submetidas a diferentes potenciais hídricos. Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, 47(2):335-59, 1990a.

[31] SILVA, W.R. & MARCOS FILHO, J. Estudo comparativo entre o desenvolvimento de plântulas de milho após período de exposição a vários potenciais hídricos. Anais da Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Piracicaba, 47(2):361-87 , 1990b.

[32] STEUTER, A.A.; MOZAFAR, A. ; GOODIN, J.R. Water potential of aqueous polyethylene glycol. Plant Physiology, Pockville, 67:64-7, 1981.

[33] TILDEN, R.L. & WEST, S.H. Reversal of the effects of aging in soybean seeds. Plant Physiology, Rochville, 77:584-6, 1985.

[34] TONKIN, J.H.B. Pelleting and other presowing treatments. Advances in Research and Technology of Seeds, Wageningem, 4:84-105,1979.

[35] TONKIN, J.H.B. Pelleting and other presowing treatments. Advances in Research and Technology of Seeds, Wageningem, 9:94-127, 1985.

[36] WALDREN, L.J. & MANBEIAN, T. Soil moisture characteristics by osmosis with polyethylene glycol; a simple system with osmotic pressure data and some results. Soil Science, New Brunswick, 110:401-4, 1979.

[37] WOODSTOCK, L.W. &TAO, K.L.J. Prevention of imbibitional injury in low vigor soybean embryonic axes by osmotic control of water uptake. Physiologia Plantarum, Kobenhavn, 51:133-9, 1981.

[38] WOODSTOCK, L.W. & TAYLORSON, R.B. Soaking injury and its reversal with polyethilene glycol in relation to respiratory metabolism in high and low vigor soybean seeds. Physiologia Plantarum, Kobenhavn, 53:263-8, 1981.

[39] YOUNG, J.A.; EVANS, R.A.; ROUNDY, B.; GREG, C. Moisturestress and seed germination. Washington, USDA, 1983. 40p. (Agric. Res. Service, 36).