Padrão de atividade física em crianças e jovens: um breve resumo do estado do conhecimento

Lima, Ramon de Brito Costa Pinheiro; Fermino, Rogério César; Seabra, André; Garganta, Rui; Maia, José António Ribeiro

doi:10.5007/1980-0037.2010v12n1p68

Resumos

O objetivo principal desta revisão foi abordar aspectos conceituais, operacionais e apresentar os principais resultados relativos ao padrão de atividade física (PAF) em crianças e jovens. Foi realizada uma pesquisa em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais com intuito de selecionar estudos originais recentes que apresentassem informações acerca do PAF. A maioria das pesquisas apresentam maneiras distintas de conceituar e operacionalizar o PAF, utilizando técnicas estatísticas univariadas e multivariadas. Grande parte dos estudos identificou que a atividade física na infância se caracteriza por períodos extremamente curtos de alta intensidade, com predomínio de atividades de moderada à baixa intensidade. Durante os finais de semana, esses períodos são maiores e os meninos apresentam uma maior frequência de episódios de níveis distintos de intensidade. A expressão "padrão de atividade física" é comumente utilizada, porém não é encontrada uma interpretação e conceitualização unânime. A adoção de análise multimodal seria uma mais valia, uma vez que poderá auxiliar o entendimento das nuances da atividade física, considerando o seu tipo, frequência, duração e intensidade.

Atividade física; Padrões; Crianças; Adolescentes

The main purpose of this review was to accost conceptual and operational issues associated with physical activity patterns (PAF) in children and adolescents. A systematic research was done in national and international data bases in order to select recent studies with information concerning PAF. There are different ways to describe and quantify PAF using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. Most of studies identified that physical activity is characterized by extremely short periods of high intensity, with a predominance of moderate to low intensity activity.On weekends these periods are longer and boys have higher frequencies of episodes in different levels of intensity. "Physical activity pattern" is a usual expression, but there is no unanimous concept and interpretation. Using a multimode approach would certainly improve our understanding of PAF, considering its type, frequency, duration, and intensity.

Physical activity; Patterns; Children; Adolescents

ARTIGO DE REVISÃO

Padrão de atividade física em crianças e jovens: um breve resumo do estado do conhecimento

Physical activity patterns in children and youth: a brief summary of current knowledge

Ramon de Brito Costa Pinheiro Lima^I; Rogério César Fermino^II;III; André Seabra^I; Rui Garganta^I; José António Ribeiro Maia^I

^IUniversidade do Porto. Faculdade de Desporto. Laboratório de Cineantropometria e Estatística Aplicada. Porto. Portugal.

^IIUniversidade Federal do Paraná. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Física. Curitiba, PR. Brasil.

^IIIPontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná. Grupo de Pesquisa em Atividade Física e Qualidade de Vida. Curitiba, PR. Brasil.

^{Correspondencia para} José António Ribeiro Maia Laboratório de Cineantropometria e Gabinete de Estatística Aplicada Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Desporto Rua Plácido Costa, 91 4200-450 Porto, Portugal E-mail: jmaia@fade.up.pt

RESUMO

O objetivo principal desta revisão foi abordar aspectos conceituais, operacionais e apresentar os principais resultados relativos ao padrão de atividade física (PAF) em crianças e jovens. Foi realizada uma pesquisa em bases de dados nacionais e internacionais com intuito de selecionar estudos originais recentes que apresentassem informações acerca do PAF. A maioria das pesquisas apresentam maneiras distintas de conceituar e operacionalizar o PAF, utilizando técnicas estatísticas univariadas e multivariadas. Grande parte dos estudos identificou que a atividade física na infância se caracteriza por períodos extremamente curtos de alta intensidade, com predomínio de atividades de moderada à baixa intensidade. Durante os finais de semana, esses períodos são maiores e os meninos apresentam uma maior frequência de episódios de níveis distintos de intensidade. A expressão "padrão de atividade física" é comumente utilizada, porém não é encontrada uma interpretação e conceitualização unânime. A adoção de análise multimodal seria uma mais valia, uma vez que poderá auxiliar o entendimento das nuances da atividade física, considerando o seu tipo, frequência, duração e intensidade.

Palavras-chave: Atividade física; Padrões; Crianças; Adolescentes.

ABSTRACT

The main purpose of this review was to accost conceptual and operational issues associated with physical activity patterns (PAF) in children and adolescents. A systematic research was done in national and international data bases in order to select recent studies with information concerning PAF. There are different ways to describe and quantify PAF using univariate and multivariate statistical techniques. Most of studies identified that physical activity is characterized by extremely short periods of high intensity, with a predominance of moderate to low intensity activity.On weekends these periods are longer and boys have higher frequencies of episodes in different levels of intensity. "Physical activity pattern" is a usual expression, but there is no unanimous concept and interpretation. Using a multimode approach would certainly improve our understanding of PAF, considering its type, frequency, duration, and intensity.

Keywords: Physical activity; Patterns; Children; Adolescents.

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Full text available only in PDF format.

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Recebido em 05/11/08

Revisado em 27/02/09

Aprovado em 24/06/09

1. Strong WB, Malina RM, Blimkie CJ, Daniels SR, Dishman RK, Gutin B, et al. Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. J Pediatr 2005;146(6):732-737.
2. Sallis JF, Patrick K. Physical activity guidelines for adolescents: consensus statement. Pediatr Exerc Sci 1994;6(4):302-314.
3. Twisk JW. Physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents: a critical review. Sports Med 2001;31(8):617-627.
4. Lopes VP, Vasques CMS. Physical activity patterns during school recess: A study in children 6 to 10 years old. Int Elect J Health Educ 2006;9:192-201.
5. Silva SP, Magalhães M, Garganta RM, Seabra A, Bustamente A, Maia JAR. Padrão de actividade física de escolares. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum 2006;8(2):19-26.
6. Magalhães L, Maia JAR, Silva R, A. S. Padrão de actividade física. Estudo em crianças de ambos os sexos do 4ş ano de escolaridade. Rev Port Cien Desp 2002;2(5):47-57.
⁷
The New Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford University Press; 1998.
8. Houaiss A, Villar MS. Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa: Círculo de leitores. Editora: Temas e Debates; 2003.
9. Van Der Horst K, Paw MJ, Twisk JW, Van Mechelen W. A brief review on correlates of physical activity and sedentariness in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007;39(8):1241-1250.
10. Sallo M, Silla R. Physical activity with moderate to vigorous intensity in preschool and first-grade school-children. Pediatr Exerc Sci 1997;9(1):44-54.
11. Mota J, Santos P, Guerra S, Ribeiro JC, Duarte JA. Patterns of daily physical activity during school days in children and adolescents. Am J Biol 2003;15(4):547-553.
12. Lopes VP, Maia JAR, Oliveira MMC, Seabra A, Garganta R. Caracterização da atividade física habitual em adolescentes de ambos os sexos através da acelerometria e pedometria. Rev Paul de Educ Física 2003;17(1):51-63.
13. Lopes VP, Maia JAR. Actividade física nas crianças e jovens. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum 2004;6(1):82-92.
14. Buchowski MS, Townsend KM, Williams R, Chen KY. Patterns and energy expenditure of free-living physical activity in adolescents with sickle cell anemia. J Pediatr 2002;140(1):86-92.
15. Lopes VP, Vasques CMS, Maia JAR, Ferreira JCV. Habitual physical activity levels in childhood and adolescents assessed with accelerometry. J Sports Med Phys Fit 2007;47(2):217-222.
16. Fox KR, Riddoch C. Charting the physical activity patterns of contemporary children and adolescents. Proc Nutr Soc 2000;59:497-504.
17. Pan CY, Frey GC. Physical Activity Pattern in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Aut Devel Dis 2006;36(5):597-606.
18. Aires L, Santos R, Silva P, Santos P, Oliveira J, Ribeiro JC, et al. Daily differences in patterns of physical activity among overweight/obese children engaged in a physical activity program. Am J Hum Biol 2007;19(6):871-877.
19. Jago R, Anderson CB, Baranowski T, Watson K. Adolescents patterns of physical activity. Differences by gender, day, and time of day. Am J Prev Med 2005;28(5):447-452.
20. Ndiaye GM, Bénéfice E. Patterns of daily activity and time spent in bed of adult woman and adolescents and preadolescents girls from a rural community in Senegal, West Africa. Ann Hum Biol 2007;34(4):454-469.
21. Bathrellou E, Lazarou C, Panagiotakos DB, Sidossis LS. Physical activity patterns and sedentary behaviors of children from urban and rural areas of Cyprus. Eur J Public Health 2007;15(2):66-70.
22. Ekelund U, Sjöström M, Yngve A, Nilsson A. Total daily energy expenditure and pattern of physical activity measured by minute-by-minute heart rate monitoring in 14-15 year old Swedish adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000;54(3):195-202.
23. Vermorel M, Vernet J, Bitar A, Fellmann N, Coudert J. Daily energy expenditure, activity patterns, and energy costs of the various activities in French 12-16-y-old adolescents in free living conditions. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002;56(9):819-829.
24. Riddoch CJ, Andersen LB, Wedderkopp N, Harro M, Klasson-Heggebo L, Sardinha LB. Physical activity levels and patterns of 9 and 15-yr-old european children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36(1):86-92.
25. Hoos MB, Kuipers H, Gerver W-J, Westerterp KR. Physical activity patterns of children assessed by triaxial accelerometry. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004;58(10):1425-1428.
26. Massin MM, Lebrethon MC, Rocour D, Gérard P, Bourguignon JP. Patterns of physical activity determined by heart rate monitoring among diabetic children. Arch Dis Children 2005;90(12):1223-1226.
27. Massin MM, Hövels-Gürich HH, Gérard P, Seghaye MC. Physical activity patterns of children after neonatal arterial switch operation. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;81(2):665-670.
28. Riddoch CJ, Mattocks C, Deere K, Saunders J, Kirkby J. Objective measurement of levels and patterns of physical activity. Arch Dis Childhood 2007;92(11):963-969.
29. Magkos F, Piperkou I, Manios Y, Papoutsakis C, Yiannakouris N, Cimponeiro A, et al. Diet, blood lipid profile and physical activity patterns in primary school children from a semi-rural area of Greece. J Hum Nutr Diet 2006;19(2):101-112.
30. Sigmund E, Croix MDS, Miklánková L, Frömel K. Physical activity patterns of kindergarten children in comparison to teenagers and young adults. Eur J Public Health 2007;12(6):646-651.
31. Rowlands AV, Pilgrim EL, Eston RG. Patterns of habitual activity across weekdays and weekend days in 9-11-year-old children. Prev Med 2008;46(4):317-324.
32. Gordon-Larsen P, Adair LS, Popkin BM. Ethnic Differences in Physical Activity and Inactivity Patterns and Overweight Status. Obes Res 2002;10(3):141-149.
33. Johnson TG, Kulinna PH, Darst PW, Pangrazi RP. School day physical activity patterns of Pima indian children in two communities. Res Quart Exerc Sport 2007;78(4):364-368.
34. Larson NI, Story M, Perry CL, Neumark-Sztainer D, Hannan PJ. Are diet and physical activity patterns related to cigarette smoking in adolescents? findings from project EAT. Prev Chro Dis Public Health Res 2007;4(3):A51.
35. Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Boyce WF, King MA, Pickett W. Overweight and obesity in canadian adolescents and their association with dietary habits and physical activity patterns. J Adol Health 2004;35(5):360-367.
36. Sabbah HAL, Vereecken C, Kolsteren P, Abdeen Z, Maes L. Food habits and physical activity patterns among Palestinian adolescents: findings from the national study of Palestinian schoolchildren (HBSC-WBG2004). Public Health Nutr 2007;10(7):739-746.
37. Yamauchi T, Kim S-N, Lu Z, Ichimaru N, Maekawa R, Natsuhara K. Age and gender differences in the physical activity patterns of urban schoolchildren in Korea and China. J Physi Anthr 2007;26(2):101-107.

José António Ribeiro Maia

Laboratório de Cineantropometria e Gabinete

de Estatística Aplicada

Universidade do Porto Faculdade de Desporto

Rua Plácido Costa, 91 4200-450

Porto, Portugal

E-mail:

jmaia@fade.up.pt

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
06 Fev 2013
Data do Fascículo
Fev 2010

Histórico

Aceito
24 Jun 2009
Revisado
27 Fev 2009
Recebido
05 Nov 2008

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

[1] 1. Strong WB, Malina RM, Blimkie CJ, Daniels SR, Dishman RK, Gutin B, et al. Evidence based physical activity for school-age youth. J Pediatr 2005;146(6):732-737.

[2] 2. Sallis JF, Patrick K. Physical activity guidelines for adolescents: consensus statement. Pediatr Exerc Sci 1994;6(4):302-314.

[3] 3. Twisk JW. Physical activity guidelines for children and adolescents: a critical review. Sports Med 2001;31(8):617-627.

[4] 4. Lopes VP, Vasques CMS. Physical activity patterns during school recess: A study in children 6 to 10 years old. Int Elect J Health Educ 2006;9:192-201.

[5] 5. Silva SP, Magalhães M, Garganta RM, Seabra A, Bustamente A, Maia JAR. Padrão de actividade física de escolares. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum 2006;8(2):19-26.

[6] 6. Magalhães L, Maia JAR, Silva R, A. S. Padrão de actividade física. Estudo em crianças de ambos os sexos do 4ş ano de escolaridade. Rev Port Cien Desp 2002;2(5):47-57.

[7] ⁷
The New Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford University Press; 1998.

[8] 8. Houaiss A, Villar MS. Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa: Círculo de leitores. Editora: Temas e Debates; 2003.

[9] 9. Van Der Horst K, Paw MJ, Twisk JW, Van Mechelen W. A brief review on correlates of physical activity and sedentariness in youth. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2007;39(8):1241-1250.

[10] 10. Sallo M, Silla R. Physical activity with moderate to vigorous intensity in preschool and first-grade school-children. Pediatr Exerc Sci 1997;9(1):44-54.

[11] 11. Mota J, Santos P, Guerra S, Ribeiro JC, Duarte JA. Patterns of daily physical activity during school days in children and adolescents. Am J Biol 2003;15(4):547-553.

[12] 12. Lopes VP, Maia JAR, Oliveira MMC, Seabra A, Garganta R. Caracterização da atividade física habitual em adolescentes de ambos os sexos através da acelerometria e pedometria. Rev Paul de Educ Física 2003;17(1):51-63.

[13] 13. Lopes VP, Maia JAR. Actividade física nas crianças e jovens. Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum 2004;6(1):82-92.

[14] 14. Buchowski MS, Townsend KM, Williams R, Chen KY. Patterns and energy expenditure of free-living physical activity in adolescents with sickle cell anemia. J Pediatr 2002;140(1):86-92.

[15] 15. Lopes VP, Vasques CMS, Maia JAR, Ferreira JCV. Habitual physical activity levels in childhood and adolescents assessed with accelerometry. J Sports Med Phys Fit 2007;47(2):217-222.

[16] 16. Fox KR, Riddoch C. Charting the physical activity patterns of contemporary children and adolescents. Proc Nutr Soc 2000;59:497-504.

[17] 17. Pan CY, Frey GC. Physical Activity Pattern in Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders. J Aut Devel Dis 2006;36(5):597-606.

[18] 18. Aires L, Santos R, Silva P, Santos P, Oliveira J, Ribeiro JC, et al. Daily differences in patterns of physical activity among overweight/obese children engaged in a physical activity program. Am J Hum Biol 2007;19(6):871-877.

[19] 19. Jago R, Anderson CB, Baranowski T, Watson K. Adolescents patterns of physical activity. Differences by gender, day, and time of day. Am J Prev Med 2005;28(5):447-452.

[20] 20. Ndiaye GM, Bénéfice E. Patterns of daily activity and time spent in bed of adult woman and adolescents and preadolescents girls from a rural community in Senegal, West Africa. Ann Hum Biol 2007;34(4):454-469.

[21] 21. Bathrellou E, Lazarou C, Panagiotakos DB, Sidossis LS. Physical activity patterns and sedentary behaviors of children from urban and rural areas of Cyprus. Eur J Public Health 2007;15(2):66-70.

[22] 22. Ekelund U, Sjöström M, Yngve A, Nilsson A. Total daily energy expenditure and pattern of physical activity measured by minute-by-minute heart rate monitoring in 14-15 year old Swedish adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr 2000;54(3):195-202.

[23] 23. Vermorel M, Vernet J, Bitar A, Fellmann N, Coudert J. Daily energy expenditure, activity patterns, and energy costs of the various activities in French 12-16-y-old adolescents in free living conditions. Eur J Clin Nutr 2002;56(9):819-829.

[24] 24. Riddoch CJ, Andersen LB, Wedderkopp N, Harro M, Klasson-Heggebo L, Sardinha LB. Physical activity levels and patterns of 9 and 15-yr-old european children. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2004;36(1):86-92.

[25] 25. Hoos MB, Kuipers H, Gerver W-J, Westerterp KR. Physical activity patterns of children assessed by triaxial accelerometry. Eur J Clin Nutr 2004;58(10):1425-1428.

[26] 26. Massin MM, Lebrethon MC, Rocour D, Gérard P, Bourguignon JP. Patterns of physical activity determined by heart rate monitoring among diabetic children. Arch Dis Children 2005;90(12):1223-1226.

[27] 27. Massin MM, Hövels-Gürich HH, Gérard P, Seghaye MC. Physical activity patterns of children after neonatal arterial switch operation. Ann Thorac Surg 2006;81(2):665-670.

[28] 28. Riddoch CJ, Mattocks C, Deere K, Saunders J, Kirkby J. Objective measurement of levels and patterns of physical activity. Arch Dis Childhood 2007;92(11):963-969.

[29] 29. Magkos F, Piperkou I, Manios Y, Papoutsakis C, Yiannakouris N, Cimponeiro A, et al. Diet, blood lipid profile and physical activity patterns in primary school children from a semi-rural area of Greece. J Hum Nutr Diet 2006;19(2):101-112.

[30] 30. Sigmund E, Croix MDS, Miklánková L, Frömel K. Physical activity patterns of kindergarten children in comparison to teenagers and young adults. Eur J Public Health 2007;12(6):646-651.

[31] 31. Rowlands AV, Pilgrim EL, Eston RG. Patterns of habitual activity across weekdays and weekend days in 9-11-year-old children. Prev Med 2008;46(4):317-324.

[32] 32. Gordon-Larsen P, Adair LS, Popkin BM. Ethnic Differences in Physical Activity and Inactivity Patterns and Overweight Status. Obes Res 2002;10(3):141-149.

[33] 33. Johnson TG, Kulinna PH, Darst PW, Pangrazi RP. School day physical activity patterns of Pima indian children in two communities. Res Quart Exerc Sport 2007;78(4):364-368.

[34] 34. Larson NI, Story M, Perry CL, Neumark-Sztainer D, Hannan PJ. Are diet and physical activity patterns related to cigarette smoking in adolescents? findings from project EAT. Prev Chro Dis Public Health Res 2007;4(3):A51.

[35] 35. Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Boyce WF, King MA, Pickett W. Overweight and obesity in canadian adolescents and their association with dietary habits and physical activity patterns. J Adol Health 2004;35(5):360-367.

[36] 36. Sabbah HAL, Vereecken C, Kolsteren P, Abdeen Z, Maes L. Food habits and physical activity patterns among Palestinian adolescents: findings from the national study of Palestinian schoolchildren (HBSC-WBG2004). Public Health Nutr 2007;10(7):739-746.

[37] 37. Yamauchi T, Kim S-N, Lu Z, Ichimaru N, Maekawa R, Natsuhara K. Age and gender differences in the physical activity patterns of urban schoolchildren in Korea and China. J Physi Anthr 2007;26(2):101-107.