Management of dysphagia in Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Gerenciamento da disfagia na doença de Parkinson e na esclerose lateral amiotrófica

Abstracts

PURPOSE: To describe swallowing management in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and Parkinson' disease (PD), to investigate whether physiopathology determines the choice of therapeutic approaches, and to investigate whether the disease duration modifies the therapeutic approaches. METHODS: This is a long-term study comprising 24 patients with idiopathic PD and 27 patients with ALS. The patients were followed-up in a dysphagia outpatient clinic between 2006 and 2011. The patients underwent clinic evaluation and Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing, Functional Oral Intake Scale, and therapeutic intervention every 3 months. The swallowing management was based on orientation about the adequate food consistency and volume, besides the necessary maneuvers or exercises to improve swallowing functionality. An exploratory analysis of data was used to investigate associations between the groups of disease (PD or ALS) and clinic aspects and to know about the association between the groups of diseases and the application of maneuver or exercises over the follow-up. RESULTS: The most frequent recommended maneuvers in PD were bolus effect (83.3%), bolus consistency (79.2%), and swallowing frequency (79%). To patients with ALS, the bolus consistency (92%) and the bolus effect (74.1%) were more recommended. Strengthening-tongue (p=0.01), tongue control (p=0.05), and vocal exercises (p<0.001) were significantly more recommended in PD than in ALS. CONCLUSION: Compensatory and sensorial maneuvers are more recommended to rehabilitee program in both diseases. The physiopathology of the diseases determined the choice of therapeutic approaches. The disease duration of the patients did not interfere directly in the therapeutic approaches.

Deglutition; Dysphagia; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Parkinson disease; Speech therapy; Speech language; Hearing sciences

OBJETIVO: Descrever o gerenciamento da disfagia na doença de Parkinson (DP) e na Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral (ELA) e verificar se as características fisipatológicas das doenças determinam a escolha das abordagens terapêuticas para disfagia, além de investigar se a duração da doença modifica estas abordagens. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal com 24 pacientes diagnosticados com DP e 27 pacientes com ELA. Os pacientes foram acompanhados em um ambulatório de disfagia entre os anos de 2006 e 2011. Todos foram submetidos à avaliação clínica e nasofibroscópica de deglutição, classificação pela Functional Oral Intake Scale e intervenção terapêutica a cada três meses. O programa de gerenciamento da disfagia baseou-se na orientação sobre a adequada consistência e volume para alimentação, além de manobras ou exercícios necessários para melhorar a funcionalidade da deglutição. Foi utilizada uma análise exploratória dos dados para investigar a associação entre os grupos de doença (DP ou ELA) e aspectos clínicos, além de verificar associação entre os grupos de doenças e a indicação das manobras e exercícios em um seguimento longitudinal. RESULTADOS: As manobras e estratégias mais indicadas para DP foram: modificações quanto às características do bolo alimentar (83,3%), modificações na consistência do bolo alimentar (79,2%) e deglutições múltiplas (79%). Para ELA, as mais indicadas foram modificações na consitência (92%) e nas características do bolo alimentar (74,1%). Em comparação com a ELA, para DP foram mais indicados exercícios para força e controle de língua (p=0,01 e 0,05) e exercícios vocais (p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: As manobras compensatórias e sensoriais são as mais indicadas em ambas as doenças. As características fisiopatológicas das doenças determinaram a escolha das abordagens terapêuticas. O tempo de doença dos pacientes não inteferiu diretamente nas abordagens terapêuticas.

Deglutição; Disfagia; Esclerose Amiotrófica Lateral; Doença de Parkinson; Fonoterapia; Fonoaudiologia

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Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  25 Sept 2013
• Date of issue
  2013

History

• Received
  19 Dec 2012
• Accepted
  05 Sept 2013