Nematódeos e bactérias em fôlhas de alcachôfra

Lordello, Luiz Gonzaga E.; Joly, S.; Campos, Humberto Ribeiro de; Camargo, Leocádio de Souza

doi:10.1590/S0071-12761961000100015

Resumo

Diseased plants of artichoke (Cynara scolimus L.) from the Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, Brazil, harboured nematodes in the leaves. The nematodes proved to belong to the species Protorhabditis oxyuris (Claus, 1862) Dougherty, 1955. As it could not be charged as the primary agent of the disease, a study of the bacteria found in the material was made. This disclosed that 4 different bacterial forms were present, namely Bacillus subtilis, Bacterium udum, Xanthomonas beticola var. cynarae n. var., and Cory neb acterium fascians var. cynarae n. var. The typical forms of X. beticola and of C. fascians are known as pathogenic to a number of plants: but, in the present case, unfortunately no inoculation trial could be made as an attempt to clear up the possible pathogenicity of any of them also to Cynara scolimus. The nematode P. oxyuris is the secondary agent, which however possibly play an important part in the distribution of the bacteria, as it has been repeatedly pointed out by previous writers with reference to closely related species. The symptoms of the disease are described. The main injuries found on leaves were necrotic areas progressing from the distal part of the limb, resulting in a great reduction of the leaf superficies.

^IE. S. A. "Luiz de Queiroz"

^IIInstituto Zimotécnico. E. S. A. "Luiz de Queiroz"

^IIIInstituto Agronômico, Campinas

SUMMARY

Diseased plants of artichoke (Cynara scolimus L.) from the Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, Brazil, harboured nematodes in the leaves.

The nematodes proved to belong to the species Protorhabditis oxyuris (Claus, 1862) Dougherty, 1955. As it could not be charged as the primary agent of the disease, a study of the bacteria found in the material was made. This disclosed that 4 different bacterial forms were present, namely Bacillus subtilis, Bacterium udum, Xanthomonas beticola var. cynarae n. var., and Cory neb acterium fascians var. cynarae n. var.

The typical forms of X. beticola and of C. fascians are known as pathogenic to a number of plants: but, in the present case, unfortunately no inoculation trial could be made as an attempt to clear up the possible pathogenicity of any of them also to Cynara scolimus.

The nematode P. oxyuris is the secondary agent, which however possibly play an important part in the distribution of the bacteria, as it has been repeatedly pointed out by previous writers with reference to closely related species.

The symptoms of the disease are described. The main injuries found on leaves were necrotic areas progressing from the distal part of the limb, resulting in a great reduction of the leaf superficies.

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LITERATURA CITADA

Recebido para publicação em 16/10/1961.

Referências bibliográficas

BUHRER, E M., 1938 - Additions to the list of plants attacked by the root-knot nematode (Heterodera marioni). Plant Dis. Reptr. 22: 216-234.
CAMARGO, LEOCADIO DE SOUZA, 1944 - Cultura da alcachôfra. Boletim de Agricultura, Diretoria de Publicidade Agrícola, São Paulo.
CAMARGO, LEOCADIO DE SOUZA, 195o - Cultura da alcachôfra. Edit. Chácaras e Quintais, 28 pp., São Paulo.
CAMARGO, LEOCADIO DE SOUZA, 1956 - Instruções para a cultura da alcachôfra. Instituto Agronômico, Bol. Téc. 73: 1-16.
CAMPOS, HUMBERTO RIBEIRO DE & CAMARGO, LEOCADIO DE SOUZA, 1960 - Estudo da alcachôfra var. Roxa, visando o contrôle de Pseudococcus Relatório anual da Seção de Olericultura e Floricultura do Instituto Agronômico (não publicado)
DOUGHERTY, E. C, 1955 - The genera and species of the subfamily Rhabditinae Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda): a nomenclatorial analysis - including an addendun on the composition of the family Rhabditidae Oerley, 1880. Jour. Helminth. 29: 105-152.
LINFOED, M. B. & F. YAP, 1940 - Some host plants of the reniform nematode in Hawaii Proc. helminth. Soc. Washington 7: 42-44.
NIELSEN, C. O., 1949 - Studies on the soil microfauna. II - The soil inhabiting nematodes. Nat. Jutlandica 2: 1-131, 35 tables.
OSCHE, G., 1952 - Systematik und Phylogene der Gattung Rhabditis (Nematoda) Zool. Jahrb. 81: 89-280.
STEINER, G., 1933 - Rhabditis lambdiensis, a nematode possibly acting as a disease agent in mushroom beds Jour. Agric. Res. 46; 427-435.
STEINER, G., 1960 - Nematology - an outlook. In "Nematology - fundamentals and recent advances with emphasis on plant parasitic and soil forms", por J. N. Sasser & W. R. Jenkins, pp. 3-7, Univ. of N. Carolina Press ed., Chapel Hill, U.S.A.

Nematódeos e bactérias em fôlhas de alcachôfra

Luiz Gonzaga E. Lordello^I; S. Joly^II; Humberto Ribeiro de Campos^III; Leocádio de Souza Camargo^III

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
10 Set 2012
Data do Fascículo
1961

Histórico

Recebido
16 Out 1961

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] BUHRER, E M., 1938 - Additions to the list of plants attacked by the root-knot nematode (Heterodera marioni). Plant Dis. Reptr. 22: 216-234.

[2] CAMARGO, LEOCADIO DE SOUZA, 1944 - Cultura da alcachôfra. Boletim de Agricultura, Diretoria de Publicidade Agrícola, São Paulo.

[3] CAMARGO, LEOCADIO DE SOUZA, 195o - Cultura da alcachôfra. Edit. Chácaras e Quintais, 28 pp., São Paulo.

[4] CAMARGO, LEOCADIO DE SOUZA, 1956 - Instruções para a cultura da alcachôfra. Instituto Agronômico, Bol. Téc. 73: 1-16.

[5] CAMPOS, HUMBERTO RIBEIRO DE & CAMARGO, LEOCADIO DE SOUZA, 1960 - Estudo da alcachôfra var. Roxa, visando o contrôle de Pseudococcus Relatório anual da Seção de Olericultura e Floricultura do Instituto Agronômico (não publicado)

[6] DOUGHERTY, E. C, 1955 - The genera and species of the subfamily Rhabditinae Micoletzky, 1922 (Nematoda): a nomenclatorial analysis - including an addendun on the composition of the family Rhabditidae Oerley, 1880. Jour. Helminth. 29: 105-152.

[7] LINFOED, M. B. & F. YAP, 1940 - Some host plants of the reniform nematode in Hawaii Proc. helminth. Soc. Washington 7: 42-44.

[8] NIELSEN, C. O., 1949 - Studies on the soil microfauna. II - The soil inhabiting nematodes. Nat. Jutlandica 2: 1-131, 35 tables.

[9] OSCHE, G., 1952 - Systematik und Phylogene der Gattung Rhabditis (Nematoda) Zool. Jahrb. 81: 89-280.

[10] STEINER, G., 1933 - Rhabditis lambdiensis, a nematode possibly acting as a disease agent in mushroom beds Jour. Agric. Res. 46; 427-435.

[11] STEINER, G., 1960 - Nematology - an outlook. In "Nematology - fundamentals and recent advances with emphasis on plant parasitic and soil forms", por J. N. Sasser & W. R. Jenkins, pp. 3-7, Univ. of N. Carolina Press ed., Chapel Hill, U.S.A.