Not just a taxonomist, but a naturalist! The foundations of “Froehlich’s Autonomous Stonefly Republic”

ABSTRACT

Prof. Dr. Claudio Gilberto Froehlich’s career is presented here using numbers and actions guided by a genuine way to study biodiversity, especially aquatic ecosystems. An extensive number of publications is accompanied by an investment in human resources training and establishing a vast network of collaborators and friendships. Dr. Peter Zwick mentioned the Southeast Region of Brazil as “Froehlich’s Autonomous Stonefly Republic”, to express the magnitude of Prof. Froehlich’s scientific production on Neotropical Plecoptera. In this special volume in honor of Prof. Froehlich, the numbers of his career support Zwick's affirmation. Thirty-nine students graduated in MSc and/or PhD courses, two books, and 20 book chapters were published, as well as 95 articles on geoplanids, onychophorans, cnidarians, mayflies, coleopterans, caddisflies, and especially stoneflies. Froehlich’s legacy includes different ways to observe nature, from taxonomy to ecology, from flatworms to stoneflies.

Keywords:
Aquatics insects; Biodiversity; Neotropics; Plecoptera; taxonomy

The first steps in Natural History

Born on June 10, 1927, in São Paulo, Brazil, Professor Dr. Claudio Gilberto Froehlich (CGF) took his initial steps in the realm of Natural History. In 1951, he earned his bachelor's degree in Natural History from the University of São Paulo (USP). The year 1954 marked a significant milestone in his academic journey when he successfully defended his Ph.D. thesis, entitled “Morphology and Taxonomy of Geoplanidae,” under the supervision of Professor Dr. Ernst Marcus (1893–1968) at the Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências, USP (as depicted in Fig. 1).

Figure 1
Prof. Dr. C. G. Froehlich’s professional career timeline, with some significant events highlighted in the photographs.

Professor CGF embarked on his teaching career in 1952, imparting knowledge in Zoology to undergraduate students pursuing the Natural History course, later renamed Biological Sciences in 1961, at USP. As a dedicated educator, he played an instrumental role in shaping the budding biologists of his era, many of whom went on to lay the foundation for Brazilian zoology and entomology. His influence as a teacher is vividly illustrated in Prof. Dr. Nelson Papavero’s biographical article: “Some teachers were important during my undergraduate years. One of them was Professor Claudio Froehlich, who is now at the FFCLRP [Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto]. We became friends early on. He has an incredible knowledge of zoology” (Klassa and Santos, 2014).

CGF's journey as a teacher commenced in 1952, and within just three years, he published his first article. During his initial phase as a researcher, he authored nine articles, providing detailed descriptions of 59 species of Geoplanidae (Platyhelminthes) (Froehlich, 1955a, 1955b, 1956a, 1956b, 1957, 1958, 1960a, 1967, 1972). This remarkable body of work accounted for nearly one-third of all Brazilian species (199 species) in the field (Lago-Barcia et al., 2023) (refer to Table 1).

Table 1
Taxa described by C. G. Froehlich which occur in Brazil, including land planarians, onychophorans, and aquatic insects (Source: CTFB).

PLATYHELMINTHES: GEOPLANIDAE	Amaga righii (Froehlich & Froehlich, 1972)
	Cephaloflexa nataliae (Froehlich, 1959)
	Choeradoplana catua Froehlich, 1955
	Choeradoplana marthae Froehlich, 1955
	Cratera joia (Froehlich, 1956)
	Geoplana beckeri Froehlich, 1959
	Geoplana cafusa Froehlich, 1956
	Geoplana chita Froehlich, 1956
	Geoplana fragai Froehlich, 1955
	Geoplana jandira Froehlich, 1955
	Geoplana nigra Froehlich, 1959
	Geoplana picta Froehlich, 1956
	Geoplana toriba Froehlich, 1957
	Issoca Froehlich, 1955
	Issoca jandaia Froehlich, 1955
	Issoca piranga Froehlich, 1955
	Issoca potyra Froehlich, 1957
	Luteostriata fita (Froehlich, 1959)
	Notogynaphallia mourei (Froehlich, 1956)
	Notogynaphallia nana (Froehlich, 1956)
	Notogynaphallia plumbea (Froehlich, 1956)
	Obama apeva (Froehlich, 1959)
	Obama assu (Froehlich, 1959)
	Obama glieschi (Froehlich, 1959)
	Obama poca (Froehlich, 1957)
	Obama riesteri (Froehlich, 1955)
	Obama schubarti (Froehlich, 1957)
	Obama tapira (Froehlich, 1958)
	Paraba caapora (Froehlich, 1957)
	Paraba gaucha (Froehlich, 1959)
	Paraba suva (Froehlich, 1959)
	Pasipha hauseri (Froehlich, 1959)
	Pasipha oliverioi (Froehlich, 1955)
	Xerapoa Froehlich, 1955
	Xerapoa hystrix Froehlich, 1955
	Xerapoa una Froehlich, 1955
	Diporodemus hymanae Froehlich & Froehlich, 1972
	Kontikia Froehlich, 1955
	Kontikia orana Froehlich, 1955
ONYCHOPHORA: PERIPATIDAE	Epiperipatus tucupi (Froehlich, 1968)
ARTHROPODA: INSECTA	Plecoptera:
	Gripopteryx clemira Lecci & Froehlich, 2011
	Gripopteryx coruja Froehlich, 1993
	Gripopteryx flinti Froehlich, 1993
	Gripopteryx japi Lecci & Froehlich, 2011
	Gripopteryx juetah Froehlich, 1990
	Gripopteryx liana Froehlich, 1993
	Gripopteryx pilosa Froehlich, 1990
	Gripopteryx pinima Froehlich, 1993
	Gripopteryx serrensis Froehlich, 1993
	Guaranyperla Froehlich, 2001
	Guaranyperla beckeri Froehlich, 2001
	Guaranyperla guapiara Froehlich, 2001
	Guaranyperla nitens Froehlich, 2001
	Paragripopteryx anga Froehlich, 1969
	Paragripopteryx blanda Froehlich, 1969
	Paragripopteryx delicata Froehlich, 1994
	Paragripopteryx egena Froehlich, 1994
	Paragripopteryx guardae Froehlich, 1994
	Paragripopteryx hamata Froehlich, 1994
	Paragripopteryx merui Froehlich, 1994
	Tupiperla Froehlich, 1969
	Tupiperla eleonorae (Froehlich, 1988)
	Tupiperla illiesi Froehlich, 1998
	Tupiperla jumirim Bispo & Froehlich, 2007
	Tupiperla modesta Froehlich, 1998
	Tupiperla oliveirai Froehlich, 1998
	Tupiperla reichardti Froehlich, 1998
	Tupiperla robusta Froehlich, 1998
	Tupiperla sulina Froehlich, 1998
	Tupiperla umbya Froehlich, 1998
	Anacroneuria amargosa Righi-Cavallaro & Froehlich, 2013
	Anacroneuria amazonica Froehlich, 2003
	Anacroneuria boraceiensis Froehlich, 2004
	Anacroneuria brandaoi Bispo & Froehlich, 2004
	Anacroneuria caraa De Ribeiro & Froehlich, 2007
	Anacroneuria caraja Froehlich, 2002
	Anacroneuria cathia Froehlich, 2002
	Anacroneuria fiorentini De Ribeiro & Froehlich, 2007
	Anacroneuria fittkaui Froehlich, 2003
	Anacroneuria flintorum Froehlich, 2002
	Anacroneuria guaikuru Froehlich, 2007
	Anacroneuria iporanga Bispo & Froehlich, 2004
	Anacroneuria itajaimirim Bispo & Froehlich, 2004
	Anacroneuria mantiqueirae Froehlich, 2010
	Anacroneuria marlieri Froehlich, 2001
	Anacroneuria ofaye Froehlich, 2007
	Anacroneuria paygua Froehlich, 2007
	Anacroneuria petersi Froehlich, 2002
	Anacroneuria quilombola Righi-Cavallaro & Froehlich, 2013
	Anacroneuria rondoniae Froehlich, 2002
	Anacroneuria simulans Froehlich, 2010
	Anacroneuria stanjewetti Froehlich, 2002
	Anacroneuria tabatae Froehlich, 2010
	Anacroneuria tinga Bispo & Froehlich, 2004
	Anacroneuria toriba Froehlich, 2002
	Anacroneuria tupi Bispo & Froehlich, 2004
	Anacroneuria uyara Froehlich, 2002
	Anacroneuria vanini Froehlich, 2004
	Anacroneuria xinguensis Froehlich, 2002
	Kempnyia alterosarum Froehlich, 1988
	Kempnyia auberti Froehlich, 1996
	Kempnyia goiana Bispo & Froehlich, 2004
	Kempnyia guassu Froehlich, 1988
Kempnyia jatim Froehlich, 1988
Kempnyia kaingang Froehlich, 2011
Kempnyia mirim Froehlich, 1984
Kempnyia ocellata Froehlich, 2011
Kempnyia oliveirai Bispo & Froehlich, 2004
Kempnyia petersorum Froehlich, 1996
Kempnyia pinhoi Froehlich, 2011
Kempnyia pirata Froehlich, 2011
Kempnyia reichardti Froehlich, 1984
Kempnyia sazimai Froehlich, 1988
Kempnyia tamoya Froehlich, 1984
Kempnyia tijucana Dorvillé & Froehlich, 1997
Kempnyia tupinamba Froehlich, 2011
Kempnyia umbrina Froehlich, 1988
Kempnyia vanini Froehlich, 1988
Macrogynoplax delicata Ribeiro-Ferreira & Froehlich, 1999
Macrogynoplax poranga Ribeiro-Ferreira & Froehlich, 1999
Macrogynoplax pulchra Ribeiro-Ferreira & Froehlich, 1999
Macrogynoplax veneranda Froehlich, 1984
Ephemeroptera:
Caenis cuniana Froehlich, 1969
Segesta riograndensis Siegloch, Polegatto & Froehlich, 2006
Thraulodes amanda Mariano & Froehlich, 2011
Thraulodes pelicanus Mariano & Froehlich, 2011
Thraulodes xavantinensis Mariano & Froehlich, 2011
Diptera:
Fissimentum fordlandense Pinho & Froehlich, 2011
Fissimentum guairense Pinho & Froehlich, 2011
Fissimentum mateusi Pinho & Froehlich, 2011

Even today, CGF's legacy in geoplanids systematics and biology continues to shine brightly. Four decades after his last publication on geoplanids, during the XXIX Congresso Brasileiro de Zoologia in Salvador, Bahia state (2012), Professor CGF was pleasantly surprised by a group of enthusiastic students and researchers who sought him out to express their admiration for his contributions to the study of land planarians. With his characteristic humor, Prof. Claudio remarked to one of the authors, “After all these years, they must think I’m a ghost!”

Undoubtedly, his enduring passion for the study of planarians remains unwavering. On numerous occasions, he extended invitations to students, encouraging them to step out of the confines of their collection sites and embark on quests to discover geoplanids.

The foundation of “Froehlich’s Autonomous Stonefly Republic”

The “Froehlich’s Autonomous Stonefly Republic” was mentioned by Dr. Peter Zwick during the presentation of the Lifetime Achievement Awardees 1998, International Association of Plecopterists (Fig. 2).

Figure 2
Awards received by Prof. Dr. C. G. Froehlich. A, Lifetime Achievement Award, offered by International Association of Plecopterologists, XII International Symposium on Plecoptera, Tucumán, Argentina (1998); B, Plate offered by students and colleagues for the outstanding contribution to Neotropical Aquatic Entomology, 3rd Symposium on Neotropical Aquatic Insects, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil (2015).

Figure 3
The foundation of “Froehlich’s Autonomous Stonefly Republic”. A, Claudio G. Froehlich (CGF), his Ph.D. students Adolfo R. Calor (ARC) and Rodolfo Mariano (RM), and Dr. Eduardo Domínguez (ED) in a collection expedition at the Estação Biológica de Boracéia (EBB/USP), Salesópolis, São Paulo, Brazil, 2007; B, CGF in his classic undergraduate course “Aquatic Entomology” at the EBB/USP, 2005; CGF, his PhD students ARC and RM, and ED in a light trap collect, 2007; CGF and ED in Venerando river, in EBB, collecting stoneflies and mayflies.

Figure 4
The legacy of Prof. Dr. C. G. Froehlich is reflected in several new Brazilian research centers. M.Sc. students (in yellow) and Ph.D. students (in green) advised by him are represented by the initial letters of each name. São Paulo state is magnified. The list of the full name and their respective initials is provide at the Table 2.

The foundation of the republic started in 1960 when CGF published “On The Stonefly Fauna Of Western Lule Lappmark, Swedish Lappland” (Brinck and Froehlich, 1960a), and “The Reproductive Organs Of The Plecopteron “Isoperla grammatica” (Poda, 1767)” (Brinck and Froehlich, 1960b). These two papers on European fauna were written during his post-doctoral period at Lund University, Sweden, with the coauthor and supervisor, Professor Dr. Per Simon Valdemar Brinck (1919–2013).

In the same year, CGF published his first article on Neotropical stoneflies as a single author, “Some Gripopterygids and Notonemourines (Plecoptera) From South America” (Froehlich, 1960b). Ever since, he has published many works on ecology and taxonomy of aquatic insects, especially stoneflies (Froehlich, 1964a, 1969b, 1981, 1984a, 1984b, 1984c, 1988, 1990a, 1990b, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1996, 1998, 1999, 1999a, 2000, 2001a, 2002a, 2002b, 2003, 2004, 2007, 2008, 2009a, 2009b, 2010a, 2010b, 2011a, 2011b, 2011c, 2012, 2015, 2016; Dorvillé and Froehlich, 1999; Froehlich and Oliveira, 1997, Ribeiro-Ferreira and Froehlich, 1999, 2001; Bispo and Froehlich, 2004a, 2004b, 2007, 2008; Bispo et al., 2005; Ribeiro and Froehlich, 2007; Righi-Cavallaro and Froehlich, 2013; Righi-Cavallaro et al., 2013, 2014).

The “Catalogue of Neotropical Plecoptera” published in Illiesia (Froehlich, 2010a) and the book “Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America. South American Stoneflies (Plecoptera)” (Stark et al., 2009) constitute fundamental references to any researcher working on Neotropical stoneflies.

Professor CGF was not the first South American researcher dedicated to aquatic insects, especially stoneflies, however, he was the first South American-born researcher to study aquatic insects. This led Zwick (1999) to declare that “a large part of the South American Subcontinent is now well studied, by a resident South American student”. Prof. Claudio has always been dedicated to research on Plecoptera, and participating in almost all International Symposium on Plecoptera held around the world. Always taking knowledge of Brazil's Plecoptera to the world (Figs. 5-7).

Figure 5
A, Prof. Claudio Froehlich at the Museum of Zoology of University of São Paulo (MZUSP) in 1969, São Paulo, Brazil; B, CGF at the 4th International Symposium on Plecoptera, Abisko, Swedish Lapland, 1968; C, CGF and Marlene Sofia Arcifa Froehlich at the XIII International Symposium on Plecoptera, Tafí de Valle, Tucumán, Argentina, August 1998; D, CGF and Oliver Flint, both were honored at the III Symposium on Neotropical Aquatic Insects, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, 2015; E, CGF in a collection expedition at the Estação Biológica de Boracéia (EBB/USP), Salesópolis, São Paulo, Brazil, 2006.

Figure 6
A, The 6th International Symposium on Plecoptera, Schlitz, Germany 1977.; B, The 7th International Symposium on Plecoptera, Nara, Japan 1980.

Figure 7
A, 9th International Conference on Ephemeroptera & 13th International Symposium on Plecoptera, Tafí de Valle, Tucumán 16–21 August 1998; B, 15th International Conference on Ephemeroptera & 19 International Symposium on Plecoptera, Aracruz, Brazil 3–8 June 2018.

Professor CGF also dedicated his time to advisory activities. Presently, at least five active researchers are dedicated to stoneflies in Brazil (Dr. Pitágoras C. Bispo, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Assis, São Paulo state; Dr. Lucas Silveira Lecci, Universidade de Cuiabá, Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso state; Dr. Karina O. Righi-Cavallaro, Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul state; Dr. Lucas Henrique de Almeida, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Assis, São Paulo state), and Argentina (Dr. Tácio Duarte, Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica, Esquel, Chubut province), all of them belonging to CGF’s direct lineage (Fig. 2). In Brazil, two other researchers have received CGF’s contributions by collaboration in papers or evaluation committees (Dra. Fernanda Avelino-Capistrano, Centro Universitário São José, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro state; Dr José Moacir Ferreira Ribeiro, Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi, Belém, Pará state).

The legacy of Prof. CGF is clearly expressed in the Brazilian stonefly taxonomy (Table 1). Considering the current knowledge about the Brazilian stoneflies, 200 stonefly species have been described until now, 83 (ca. 42%) of them described by CGF (65 species described exclusively by him (35%), and the other 18 in collaborations). If we consider only the taxonomy of Brazilian stoneflies after 1969, the year of his first valid species description (Paragripopteryx angaFroehlich, 1969b), the contribution of Prof. CGF can be better scaled. Excluding the 68 stonefly species described before 1964, the 83 species described by CGF represent circa 63% of the total (132 species). Considering the CGF’s impact in the second and third levels (species described by his academic descendants), the contribution is above 90%, with only 12 species described by other authors.

Not just a taxonomist, but a naturalist who integrated systematics and ecology

CGF´s exemplary and productive scientific career did not stop on the geoplanids and stoneflies (Fig. 1), as he also studied onychophorans (Froehlich, 1963a, 1968) and cnidarians (Froehlich, 1963b). Froehlich (1968) proposed the first revisionary paper on Brazilian Onychophora, which included comments on three described species, Epiperipatus edwardsii (Blanchard, 1847), Macroperipatus acacioi (Marcus & Marcus, 1955), Peripatus (Peripatus) evelinae Marcus, 1937 (a new combination and a lectotype designation), and the description of a new species, Peripatus (Epiperipatus) tucupi, based on two female specimens from the state of Pará (Sampaio-Costa et al., 2009). This species was reallocated to Epiperipatus tucupi by Peck (1975).

Froehlich (1963b) is his single contribution on cnidarians. CGF recorded the occurrence of the polyp stage of Craspedacusta sowerbii (peach blossom jellyfish), a species of freshwater hydrozoan jellyfish native to the Yangtze basin in China that has been introduced on every continent except for Antarctica.

Among aquatic insects, Prof. CGF also dedicated to the study of mayflies (Froehlich, 1963c, 1964b, 1969a; Ferreira and Froehlich, 1992; Polegatto and Froehlich, 2001, 2003, 2009; Lopes et al., 2003; Siegloch et al., 2006, 2012; Mariano and Froehlich, 2007; Mariano et al., 2011; Dias et al., 2007), coleopterans (Segura et al., 2013), caddisflies (Oliveira and Froehlich, 1996; Crisci-Bispo et al., 2004; Calor and Froehlich, 2008; Calor et al., 2016; Spies and Froehlich, 2009; Quinteiro et al., 2011) and dipterans (Pinho & Froehlich, 2011).

CGF was the first Brazilian researcher to publish a new mayfly species, Caenis cuniana Froehlich, 1969 (Caenidae). It was described based on a parthenogenetic species (Fig. 3) from Estação Biológica de Boracéia, Salesópolis, São Paulo state.

During the decades of 1970s and 1980s, CGF divided his attention between studying aquatic insects and limnology, especially the ecology of reservoirs in São Paulo state (Froehlich et al., 1978; Arcifa et al., 1981a, 1981b; Froehlich and Arcifa, 1984, 1986). Later, GCF scientific contributions were directed to stream ecology, under the main objectives of BIOTA-FAPESP projects (Oliveira and Froehlich, 1998a, 1998b; Melo and Froehlich, 2001a, 2001b, 2004a, 2004b, 2022; Bispo and Froehlich, 2004a; Bispo et al., 2002a, 2002b; Spies et al., 2006; Crisci-Bispo et al., 2007a, 2007b; Siegloch et al., 2008; Roque et al., 2008; Corbi et al., 2010, 2011a, 2011b; Suriano et al., 2011) (Table 1). Two of the articles (Melo and Froehlich, 2001a, 2001b) of this period have been the most cited of CGF’s career, with 150 and 115 citations until now (public profile of Scholar Google).

BIOTA period and the Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto

In 1985, CGF retired and moved out to Ribeirão Preto city, São Paulo state, where he started a new cycle at Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, USP, teaching at the Graduate Entomology Program and participating in the training of several students, mainly on aquatic insects. During this period, he coordinated two of the most critical projects on the aquatic biodiversity of Brazil, the BIOTA projects granted by FAPESP named “Survey and Biology of Freshwater Crustacea, Insecta and Mollusca from São Paulo state” (1999–2003) and “Survey and Biology of Aquatic Insecta and Oligochaeta from lotic systems in the State of São Paulo” (2005–2009). With these projects, CGF was able to build roots in the interior of the State of São Paulo, providing resources to build a laboratory specialized in aquatic insects, that trained researchers in systematics and ecology.

During the BIOTA period, CGF experienced the most productive time of his career in different aspects (Fig. 3), with 58 articles (61% of his total), 53 new species described (~45% of total), and 22 graduate students (nine M.Sc., and 13 Ph.D. students), almost 50% of the total.

Prof. Dr. Claudio Froehlich and his own way of mentorship

In parallel to scientific publications, CGF invested a lot of his time forming the next generation of Brazilian researchers (Fig. 4), directly through formal advising of students or indirectly by collaboration on papers or examining committees.

Prof. CGF has also had a proficuous career as an advisor, shown in his high Descendancy index (Di = number of academic descendents, direct and indirect), which is 3,056 sensu Acacia Platform (http://plataforma-acacia.org/profile/claudio-gilberto-froehlich/). Considering the Di, CGF’s first generation presents outstanding researchers, which evidences the success of his mentoring approach (e.g., Dr. Ivan Sazima, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Di = 1,350; Dr. Aristides Pereira Rocha, Faculdade de Saúde Pública, USP, Di = 441; Dr. Hitoshi Nomura, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, USP, Di = 432; and Dr. José Henrique Guimarães (Museu de Zoologia, USP, Di = 286).

The direct CGF’s academic descendency is 41, counting M.Sc. and Ph.D. students, most of them working (or retired) at Brazilian public universities (26, around 70%). Another five of them work at Brazilian private universities, three in research institutes (Instituto Butantan and Instituto de Pesca, both in São Paulo state), and three are in the private sector as teachers or environmental consultants. Considering the 31 former students working (or retired) at Brazilian universities, we can observe the breadth of Prof. CGF’s legacy (Fig. 4). Research centers have been established at universities in all Brazilian regions (four in the Central-western region, one in the Northern region, two in the Northeastern region, four in the Southern region, and 21 in the Southeastern region). Some of these research centers focus on the systematics of aquatic insects, others on ecological studies, but most are developing integrative research with systematics, biogeography, and ecology (Table 2).

Table 2
The list of the researchers with their respective initials names, the region with their institutions and the number of indirect descendants of CGF. The color of the initial names means: in yellow M.Sc. students and in green Ph.D. students advised by CGF Brazilian regions: CW=Central-west; S=South; SE=Southeast; N=North; NE Northeast.

Researchers	Initials letters	Region	Institution	M.Sc. and Doctors/M.Sc. students or Ph.D. students
Adolfo Ricardo Calor	ARC	NE	UFBA	22
Adriano Sanches Melo	ASM	S	URGS	27
Ana Emília Siegloch	AES	S	UNIPLAC	15
Aristides Almeida Rocha	AAR	SE	USP	13
Cleber Macedo Polegatto	CMP	SE	Iniciativa privada/ área ambiental	0
Giovanni Battista Aldo Mario Strixino	GBS	SE	UFSCAR	8
Gisela Yuka Shimizu	GYS	SE	USP	18
Guilherme Abbad Silveira	GAS	N	Iniciativa privada/ área ambiental	0
Henrique Paprocki	HP	SE	PUC-MG	15
Hitoshi Nomura	HN	SE	ESALQ	2
Humberto Fonseca Mendes	HFM	SE	UNIFAL	5
Ivan Sazima	IS	SE	UNICAMP	55
Jorge Jim	JJ	SE	UNESP	31
Jose Eduardo Chapon de Oliveira	JCO	S	PUC-RS	0
Jose Henrique Guimaraes	JHG	SE	ICB	15
Karina Ocampo Righi Cavallaro	KRC	CW	UFMS	0
Bernardo José de Araújo Mascarenhas	BAM	SE	UFRJ	0
Leandro Gonçalves Oliveira	LGO	CW	UFG	33
Lucas Silveira Lecci	LSL	CW	FAIESP/UNIC	0
Luiz Carlos de Pinho	LCP	S	UFSC	4
Luzia de Carvalho Wolle	LCW	SE	Departamento de Zoologia - USP	0
Marcia Regina Spies	MRS	SE	UNIPAMPA	6
Maria Amalia Basile Martins	MBM	SE	Instituto de Pesca	0
Maria Aparecida Juliano de Carvalho	MJC	SE	Departamento de Zoologia - USP	0
Maria Elisa Quissak Pereira Martins	MPM	SE	Departamento de Zoologia - USP	0
Maria Helena Maier	MHM	SE	Instituto de Pesca	0
Maria José Bauab Vianna	MBV	SE	UNESP	0
Maria José do Nascimento Ferreira	MNF	N	INPA	0
Marlene Sofia Arcifa-Zago	MSZ	SE	USP	18
Marlene Tiduko Ueta	MTU	SE	UNICAMP	16
Pitágoras da Conceição Bispo	PCB	SE	UNESP	25
Rafael Alberto Moretto	RAM	SE	USP	0
Reimar Schaden	RS	CW	UNB	7
Rodolfo Mariano Lopes da Silva	RM	NE	UESC	15
Valdelânia Ribeiro de Ribeiro	VRR	S	Prefeitura Municipal de São Leopoldo, RS.	0
Vera Lucia Crisci Bispo	VCB	SE	-	0
Vera Regina Dessimoni von Eickstedt	VRE	SE	Instituto Butantan	0

CGF also contributed to academic management as the first coordinator (1970–1972) of the Graduate Program in Zoology of the Institute of Biosciences, USP, which was the single Zoology Ph.D. program in Brazil for a long time. Later, in Ribeirão Preto, CGF contributed to the Graduate Program in Entomology, USP, as a member of its deliberative committee, and member of the several evaluation committees of Ph.D. theses and M.Sc. dissertations.

Homages to Prof. Claudio Froehlich in zoological nomenclature

Prof. CGF had an enormous number of species named after him, another clear indication of his importance in Brazilian zoology. These homages comprise 35 species in 21 families of seven insect orders (three Coleoptera: two Elmidae, and one Torridincolidae; six Diptera, all Chironomidae; six Ephemeroptera: one Leptohyphidae, four Leptophlebiidae and one Polymitarcyidae; one Mecoptera, Bittacidae; one Neuroptera, Myrmeleontidae; five Plecoptera: two Perlidae, and three Gripopterygidae; fifteen Trichoptera: five Leptoceridae, two Hydroptilidae, Two Polycentropodidae and one each of the families Atriplectididae, Calamoceratidae, Hydrobiosidae, Hydropsychidae, Glossosomatidae and Philopotamidae). In addition, CGF has been honored with three insect genera names: Claudioperla Illies, 1963 (Plecoptera, Gripopterygidae), Claudiella Reichardt & Vanin, 1976 (Coleoptera, Torridincolidae), and Claudiotendipes Andersen, Mendes & Pinho, 2017 (Diptera, Chironomidae). Two other species were described in CGF’s honor, one in Crustacea (Copepoda, Parastenocariidae) and one in Platyhelminthes (Tricladida, Geoplanidae). All taxa names are presented below.

INSECTA

COLEOPTERA

ELMIDAE

Hexacylloepus froehlichi Polizei, Barclay & Bispo, 2020 (Polizei et al., 2020)

Macrelmis froehlichi Barbosa, Fernandes & Oliveira, 2013

TORRIDINCOLIDAE

Claudiella Reichardt & Vanin, 1976

DIPTERA

CHIRONOMIDAE

Axarus froehlichi Andersen & Mendes, 2002

Claudiotendipes Andersen, Mendes & Pinho, 2017

Claudiotendipes froehlichi Andersen, Mendes & Pinho, 2017

Claudiotendipes gilbertoi Pinho & Fusari, 2023

Oukuriella froehlichi Fusari, Bellodi & Lamas, 2014

Tapajos froehlichi Pinho & Fusari, 2023

EPHEMEROPTERA

LEPTOHYPHIDAE

Loricyphes froehlichi Molineri & Mariano, 2015

LEPTOPHLEBIIDAE

Askola froehlichi Peters, 1969

Hermanella froehlichi Ferreira & Domínguez, 1992

Miroculis (Ommaetheus) froehlichiSavage & Peters, 1983

Paramaka froehlichi Lima & Salles, 2023 (Lima et al., 2023)

POLYMITARCYIDAE

Campsurus froehlichi Cruz, Molineri & Hamada, 2022

MECOPTERA

BITTACIDAE

Bittacus froehlichi (Collucci & Amorim, 2000)

NEUROPTERA

MYRMELEONTIDAE

Tyttholeon froehlichi Tavares, Marquez & Contreras, 2023 (Tavares et al., 2023)

PLECOPTERA

GRYPOPTERYGIDAE

Claudioperla Illies, 1963

Tupiperla claudius Varella & Pinto, 2024

Tupiperla froehlichi Bispo & Lecci, 2011

PERLIDAE

Anacroneuria froehlichi Miguel, Almeida & Bispo, 2022 (Miguel et al., 2022)

Enderleina froehlichi Ribeiro-Ferreira, 1995

TRICHOPTERA

ATRIPLECTIDIDAE

Neoatriplectides froehlichi Holzenthal, 1997

CALAMOCERATIDAE

Phylloicus froehlichi Miranda & Calor, 2024

HYDROBIOSIDAE

Atopsyche froehlichi Gomes & Calor, 2024

HYDROPSYCHIDAE

Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) froehlichi Almeida & Flint, 2002 (Almeida and Flint Junior, 2002)

HYDROPTILIDAE

Alisotrichia froehlichi Alves, Takiya & Santos, 2023

Ochrotrichia froehlichi Desidério, Moreno & Hamada, 2023

GLOSSOSOMATIDAE

Mortoniella froehlichi Blahnik & Holzenthal, 2011

LEPTOCERIDAE

Nectopsyche froehlichi Assunção & Quinteiro, 2023

Neoathripsodes froehlichi Dias & Calor, 2024

Notalina claudiofroehlichi Desidério & Calor, 2024

Notalina (Neonotalina) froehlichi Calor & Holzenthal, 2006 (Calor et al., 2006)

Oecetis froehlichi Quinteiro & Calor, 2015

PHILOPOTAMIDAE

Chimarra (Curgia) froehlichi Flint, 1998 (Flint Junior, 1998)

POLYCENTROPODIDAE

Polycentropus claudioi Queiroz, Vilarino & Calor, 2024

Polycentropus froehlichi Hamilton & Holzenthal, 2011

PLATYHELMINTHES

TRICLADIDA

GEOPLANIDAE

Choeradoplana claudioi Lago-Barcia & Carbayo, 2021 (Lago-Barcia et al., 2021)

CRUSTACEA

COPEPODA

PARASTENOCARIDIDAE

Forficatocaris claudii Noodt, 1972

Awards for CGF’s contribution to zoology and aquatic entomology (Fig. 2)

2015 – Plaque offered by Biology Department, FFCLRP, USP, for his great contribution to the formation of new biologists and researchers as well as to Brazilian zoological research, 3rd Symposium on Neotropical Aquatic Insects, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, Brazil.

2012 – Plaque offered by students and colleagues for the outstanding contribution to Neotropical Aquatic Entomology, 1st Symposium on Neotropical Aquatic Insects, XXIX Congresso Brasileiro de Zoologia, Salvador, Bahia state, Brazil.

2010 – Plaque offered on occasion of 40 years of Zoology Graduate Program, Biosciences Institute, USP, São Paulo, São Paulo state, Brazil.

2010 – Book “Ciência, História e Arte”, Nelsita Trimer (Org.), Edusp-FAPESP, offered as honor and recognition, Biosciences Institute, USP, São Paulo, São Paulo state, Brazil.

2007 – Book “Goya”, R. Hughes, offered on the occasion of his 80th birthday for relevant services to the Biology Department de Biologia, FFCLRP, USP, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo state, Brazil.

1998 – Plaque “Lifetime Achievement Award” offered by International Association of Plecopterologists, XII International Symposium on Plecoptera, Tucumán, Argentina.

List of publications of Prof. Dr. C. G. Froehlich

All 95 papers, two books, and 20 book chapters published are presented chronologically in the following sections (Fig. 8).

Figure 8
Number of species and articles authored by Prof. Dr. C. G. Froehlich. A, accumulative curves of the number of publications (red) and species (blue). B, number of publications (red) and species (blue) in periods of five years.

Figure 9
CGH on his 90th birthday, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil, 2017 (photograph by Augusto Froehlich).

Published articles

1. Froehlich, C.G., 1955a. Notas sobre geoplanas brasileiras. Pap. Avulsos Zoologia 12 (7), 189–198.

2. Froehlich, C.G., 1955b. Sobre morfologia e taxonomia das Geoplanidae. Zoologia 19, 195–279.

3. Froehlich, C.G., 1956a. Turbellaria Terricola das regiões de Teresópolis e Ubatuba. Pap. Avulsos Zoologia 12 (16), 313–343.

4. Froehlich, C.G., 1956b. On The Biology of Land Planarians. Bol. Zoologia 20, 263–272.

5. Froehlich, C.G., 1957. Planárias terrestres do Paraná. Dusenia 7 (4), 173–191.

6. Froehlich, C.G., 1958. On A Collection of Brazilian Land Planarians. Bol. Zoologia 21, 93–121.

7. Froehlich, C.G., 1960a. On Geoplanids from Brazil. Bol. Zoologia 22, 210–265.

8. Froehlich, C.G., 1960b. Some Gripopterygids and Notonemourines (Plecoptera) From South America. Lunds Universitets Arsskrift 56 (13), 0–24.

9. Brinck, P. and Froehlich, C.G., 1960a. On The Stonefly Fauna of Western Lule Lappmark, Swedish Lappland. Kungl. Fys. Sallsk., Lund Forhandl. 30 (1), 1–19.

10. Brinck, P. and Froehlich, C.G., 1960b. The Reproductive Organs of the Plecopteron “Isoperla Grammatica” (Poda, 1767). Ent. Tidsskrift 81 (3–4), 53–62.

11. Froehlich, C.G., 1963a. Ocorrência de Forma Polipoide de Craspedacusta sowerby Lank. (Limnomedusae). Anais da Academia Brasileira De Ciências 35 (3), 421–422.

12. Froehlich, C.G., 1963b. A Peripatus from Barbados. Bol. Zoologia (24), 325–333.

13. Froehlich, C.G., 1963c. The Feeding Apparatus of the Nymph of “Arthroplea congener” Bengtsson (Ephemeroptera). Opuscula Entomologica 29 (3), 188–208.

14. Froehlich, C.G., 1967. A Contribution to the Zoogeography of Neotropical Land Planarians. Acta Zoologica Lilloana 23, 153–162.

15. Froehlich, C.G., 1968. On some Brazilian Onychophores. Beitrage zur Neotropischen Fauna 5 (3), 160–171.

16. Froehlich, C.G., 1969a. Caeniscuniana sp. n., a Parthenogenetic Mayfly. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 6 (2), 103–108.

17. Froehlich, C.G., 1969b. Studies on Brazilian Plecoptera 1. Some from the biological station at Paranapiacaba, state of São Paulo. Beitrage zur Neotropischen Fauna 6 (1), 17–39.

18. Froehlich, C.G., 1972. Land Planarians from the Amazonian Region. Pap. Avulsos Zoologia 26 (2), 29–45.

19. Froehlich, C.G., Arcifa, M.S and Carvalho, M.A.J., 1978. Temperature and oxygen stratification in Americana Reservoir, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Verhandlungen - Internationale Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie / Proceedings of the International Association of Theoretical 20, pp. 1710–1719.

20. Arcifa, M.S., Froehlich, C.G. and Gianesella-Galvão, S.M.F., 1981. Circulation patterns and their influence on physico-chemical and biological conditions in eight reservoirs in southern Brazil. Verhandlungen - Internationale Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie / Proceedings of the International Association of Theoretical 21, pp. 1054–1059.

21. Arcifa, M.S., Carvalho, M.A.J., Gianesella-Galvão, S.M.F., Shimizu, G.Y., Castro, R.M.C.E. and Froehlich, C.G., 1981. Limnology of ten reservoirs in southern Brazil. Verhandlungen - Internationale Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie / Proceedings of the International Association of Theoretical 21, pp. 1048–1053.

22. Froehlich, C.G., 1984a. Brazilian Plecoptera 2. Species of the of serrana-group of Kempnyia (Plecoptera). Aquatic Insects 6 (3), 137–147.

23. Froehlich, C.G., 1984b. Brazilian Plecoptera 3. Macrogynoplax veneranda sp. n. (Perlidae: Acroneuriinae). Annales de Limnologie 20 (1–2), 39–41.

24. Froehlich, C.G., 1984c. Brazilian Plecoptera 4. Nymphs of perlid genera from south-eastern Brazil. Annales de Limnologie 20 (1–2), 43–47.

25. Froehlich, C.G. and Arcifa, M.S., 1984. An oligomictic man-made lake in southeastern Brazil. Verhandlungen - Internationale Vereinigung fur Theoretische und Angewandte Limnologie / Proceedings of the International Association of Theoretical 22, 1620–1624.

26. Froehlich, C.G., and Arcifa, M.S.C.G., 1986. Padrões de Circulação Vertical Em Dez Reservatórios do Estado de São Paulo. Ciência & Cultura 38 (4), 684–693.

27. Froehlich, C.G., 1988. Brazilian Plecoptera 5. Old and new species of (Perlidae). Aquatic Insects10 (3), 153–170.

28. Froehlich, C.G., 1990. Brazilian Plecoptera 6. from Campos do Jordão, State of São Paulo (Gripopterygidae). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 25 (4), 235–247.

29. Ferreira, M.J.N. and Froehlich, C.G., 1992. Estudo da Fauna de Ephemeroptera (Insecta) do Córrego do Pedregulho (Pedregulho, SP, Brasil) com aspectos da biologia de Thraulodes Schlingeri Traver & Edmnds, 1967. Rev. Bras. Entomologia 36 (3), 541–548.

30. Froehlich, C.G., 1993. Brazilian Plecoptera 7. Old and new species of (Gripopterygidae). Aquatic Insects 15 (1), 21–38.

31. Froehlich, C.G., 1994. Brazilian Plecoptera 8. On Paragripopteryx (Gripopterygidae). Aquatic Insects 16 (4), 227–239.

32. Froehlich, C.G., 1996. Two New Species of Kempnyia from Southern Brazil (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Mitteilungen der Schweizerischen Entomologischen Gesellschaft 69, 117–120.

33. Oliveira, L.G. and Froehlich, C.G., 1996. Natural history of three Hydropsychidae (Trichoptera, Insecta) in a 'cerrado' stream from northeastern São Paulo, Brazil. Rev. Landa 13 (3), 755–762.

34. Dorvillé, L.F.M. and Froehlich, C.G., 1997. Kempnyia tijucana sp. n. from southeastern Brazil (Plecoptera, Perlidae). Aquatic Insects 19 (3), 177–181.

35. Froehlich, C.G., 1998. Seven New Species of Tupiperla (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) from Brazil, with a Revision of the Genus. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 33, 19–36.

36. Oliveira, L.G. and Froehlich, C.G., 1998a. Diversity and Community Structure of Aquatic Insects (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera) in a Mountain Stream in Southeastern Brazil. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 9, 139–148.

37. Oliveira, L.G. and Froehlich, C.G., 1998b. The Trichoptera (Insecta) fauna of a “cerrado” stream in southeastern Brazil. Naturalia 22, 183–197.

38. Froehlich, C.G., 1999. Biometric notes on Tupiperla Froehlich (Plecoptera, Gripopterygidae). Rev. Landa 16 (2), 181–183.

39. Dorvillé, L.F.M. and Froehlich, C.G., 1999. Additional characters to distinguish the nymphs of the perlid genera from southeastern Brazil (Insecta, Plecoptera). Aquatic Insects 21, 281–284.

40. Ribeiro-Ferreira, A.C. and Froehlich, C.G., 1999. New Species of Macrogynoplax Enderlein, 1909 from North Brazil (Plecoptera, Perlidae, Acroneuriinae). Aquatic Insects 21, 133–140.

41. Froehlich, C.G., 2000. Biological observations on Tupiperla (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 60 (3), 447–450.

42. Melo, A.S. and Froehlich, C.G., 2001a. Evaluation of methods for estimating macroinvertebrate species richness using individual stones in tropical streams. Freshwater Biology 46 (1), 711–721.

43. Melo, A.S. and Froehlich, C.G., 2001b. Macroinvertebrates in Neotropical Streams: Richness Patterns along a Catchment and Assemblage Structure between 2 Seasons. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 20 (1) 1–16.

44. Polegatto, C.M. and Froehlich, C.G., 2001. Functional morphology of the feeding apparatus of the nymph of Farrodes sp. (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Acta Zoologica 82 (2), 165–175.

45. Ribeiro-Ferreira, A.C. and Froehlich, C.G., 2001. Anacroneuria Klapálek, 1909 from Amazonas State, North Brazil (Plecoptera, Perlidae, Acroneuriinae). Aquatic Insects 23 (3), 187–192.

46. Bispo, P.C, Froehlich, C.G. and Oliveira, L.G., 2002a. Stonefly (Plecoptera) fauna of streams in a mountainous area of Central Brazil: abiotic factors and nymph density. Rev. Landa 19, 325–334.

47. Bispo, P.C, Froehlich, C.G. and Oliveira, L.G., 2002b. Spatial distribution of Plecoptera nymphs in streams of a mountainous area of Central Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Biology 62 (3), 409–417.

48. Bispo, P.C, Froehlich, C.G. and Oliveira, L.G., 2002c. Stonefly (Plecoptera) fauna in a mountainous area of Central Brazil: composition and adult phenology. Rev. Landa 19 (1), 317–323.

49. Froehlich, C.G., 2002a. Anacroneuria mainly from southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 115 (1), 75–107.

50. Froehlich, C.G., 2002b. Two New Species of Tupiperla (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) from the Missions Area of Argentina and Paraguay. Aquatic Insects 24 (1), 37–40.

51. Froehlich, C.G., 2003. Stoneflies (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from the Brazilian Amazonia with the description of three new species and a key to Macrogynoplax. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 38 (2), 129–134.

52. Lopes, M.J.N., Froehlich, C.G. and Dominguez, E., 2003. Description of the larva of Thraulodes schlingeri (Ephemeroptera, Leptophlebiidae). Iheringia. Série Zoologia 93 (2), 197–200.

53. Bispo, P.C. and Froehlich, C.G., 2004a. Perlidae (Plecoptera) from Intervales State Park, São Paulo State, Southeastern Brazil, with Descriptions of New Species. Aquatic Insects 26 (2), 97–113.

54. Bispo, P.C. and Froehlich, C.G., 2004b. The first records of Kempnyia (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Central Brazil, with descriptions of new species. Zootaxa 530, 1–7.

55. Crisci-Bispo, V.L., Bispo, P.C. and Froehlich, C.G., 2004. Triplectides larvae in empty cases of Nectopsyche (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae) at Parque Estadual Intervales, São Paulo State, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 48 (1), 133–134.

56. Froehlich, C.G., 2004. Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from the Boraceia Biological Station, São Paulo State, Brazil. Aquatic Insects 26 (1), 53–63.

57. Melo, A.S. & Froehlich, C.G., 2004a. Substrate stability in streams: effects of stream size, particle size, and rainfall on frequency of movement and burial of particles. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 16 (4), 381–390.

58. Melo, A.S. and Froehlich, C.G., 2004b. Colonization by Macroinvertebrates of Experimentally Disturbed Stones in Three Tropical Streams Differing in Size. International Review of Hydrobiology 89 (3), 317–325.

59. Bispo, P.C., Neves, C.O. and Froehlich, C.G., 2005. Two new species of Perlidae (Plecoptera) from Mato Grosso State, western Brazil. Zootaxa 795, 1–6.

60. Siegloch, A.E., Polegatto, C.M. and Froehlich, C.G., 2006. Segesta riograndensis, a new genus and species of an Atalophlebiinae (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) mayfly from southern Brazil. Zootaxa 1299, 35–43.

61. Spies, M.R., Froehlich, C.G. and Kotzian, C.B., 2006. Composition and diversity of Trichoptera (Insecta) larvae communities in the middle section of the Jacuí river and some tributaries, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Iheringia. Série Zoologia 96, 389–398.

62. Bispo, P.C. and Froehlich, C.G., 2007. Stoneflies (Plecoptera) from northern Goiás State, central Brazil: new record of Kempnyia oliveirai (Perlidae) and a new species of Tupiperla (Gripopterygidae). Aquatic Insects 29 (3/4), 213–217.

63. Crisci-Bispo, V.L., Bispo, P.C. and Froehlich, C.G., 2007a. Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera assemblages in two Atlantic Rainforest streams, Southeastern Brazil. Rev. Landa 24, 312–318.

64. Crisci-Bispo, V.L., Bispo, P.C. and Froehlich, C.G., 2007b. Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera and Trichoptera assemblages in litter in a mountain stream of the Atlantic Rainforest from Southeastern Brazil. Rev. Landa 24, 545–551.

65. Dias, L.G., Salles, F.F., Polegatto, C.M., Silva, R.M.L., and Froehlich, C.G., 2007. Novos registros de Ephemerelloidea (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) para o Estado de São Paulo. Biota Neotropica 7, p. +bn00307032007.

66. Froehlich, C.G., 2007. Three new species of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Zootaxa (Online), 1461, p. 15–24, 2007.

67. Mariano, R. and Froehlich, C.G., 2007. Description of the nymph of Ulmeritoides uruguayensis (Traver) (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae). Zootaxa 1642, 61–64.

68. Ribeiro, V.R. and Froehlich, C.G., 2007. Two new species of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from southern Brazil. Zootaxa 1624, 53–57.

69. Bispo, P.C. and Froehlich, C.G., 2008. Description of the larva and redescription of the adult of Kempnyia neotropica Jacobsen and Bianchi (Plecoptera: Perlidae) with biological notes. Aquatic Insects 30, 61–67.

70. Calor, A.R. and Froehlich, C.G. 2008. Description of the immature stages of Notalina morsei Holzenthal, 1986 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) and an updated key to larvae of Neotropical Leptoceridae genera. Zootaxa 1779, 45–54.

71. Roque, F.O., Lecci, L.S., Siqueira, T. and Froehlich, C.G., 2008. Using environmental and spatial filters to explain stonefly occurrences in Southeastern Brazilian streams: implications for biomonitoring. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia 20, 35–44.

72. Siegloch, A.E., Froehlich, C.G. and Kotzian, C.B., 2008. Composition and diversity of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) nymph communities in the middle section of the Jacuí River and some tributaries, southern Brazil. Iheringia. Série Zoologia 98, 425–432.

73. Spies, M.R., Froehlich, C.G., 2009. Inventory of caddisflies (Trichoptera: Insecta) of the Campos do Jordão State Park, São Paulo State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 9, 211–218.

74. Polegatto, C.M. and Froehlich, C.G., 2009. Perissophlebiodes flinti Savage (Ephemeroptera; Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae): novo registro, distribuição e comentários sobre sua identificação. Biota Neotropica 9, 257–258.

75. Froehlich, C.G., 2010a. Catalogue of Neotropical Plecoptera. Iliesia 6, 118–205.

76. Froehlich, C.G., 2010b. Anacroneuria (Plecoptera, Perlidae) from the Mantiqueira Mountains, São Paulo State, Brazil. Zootaxa 2365, 55–68.

77. Corbi, J.J., Froehlich, C.G., Trivinho-Strixino, S. and Santos, A., 2010. Bioaccumulation of metals in aquatic insects of streams located in areas with sugar cane cultivation. Química Nova 33, 644–648.

78. Corbi, J.J., Froehlich, C.G., Trivinho-Strixino, S. and Santos, A., 2011. Evaluating the use of predatory insects as bioindicators of metals contamination due to sugarcane cultivation in Neotropical streams. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 177, 545–554.

79. Corbi, J.J., Santos, F.A., Zerlim, R., Santos, A., Froehlich, C.G. and Trivinho-Strixino, S., 2011. Assessment of chromium contamination in the Monte Alegre stream: a case study. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 54, 613–620.

80. Froehlich, C.G., 2011a. Kempnyia (Plecoptera) from the Mantiqueira Mountains of Brazil. Zootaxa 2999, 20–32.

81. Froehlich, C.G., 2011b. Notes on Kempnyia, with the description of three new species (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Illiesia 7, 133–141.

82. Froehlich, C.G., 2011c. Checklist dos Plecoptera (Insecta) do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Biota Neotropica 11, 1–6.

83. Mariano, R., Flowers, R.W. and Froehlich, C.G., 2011. Four new species, a new synonymy and new record for Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae: Atalophlebiinae). Annales de Limnologie 4, 1–7.

84. Quinteiro, F.B., Calor, A.R. and Froehlich, C.G., 2011. A new species of Phylloicus Müller, 1880 (Trichoptera: Calamoceratidae), from southeastern Brazil, including descriptions of larval and pupal stages. Zootaxa 2748, 38–46.

85. Lecci, L.S. and Froehlich, C.G., 2011. Taxonomic revision of Gripopteryx (Pictet, 1841) (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae). Zootaxa 2792, 1–21.

86. Pinho, L.C. & Froehlich, C.G. 2011. Three new Neotropical species of Fissimentum Cranston & Nolte, 1996 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Chironominae). In: Wang, X. & Liu, W., eds, Contemporary Chironomid Studies. – Proceedings of the 17th International Symposium on Chironomidae. (July 6–9, 2009 Nankai University, China). Tianjin: Nankai University Press, pp.144–153.

87. Suriano, M.T., Gessner, A.A.F., Roque, F.O. and Froehlich, C.G., 2011. Choice of macroinvertebrate metrics to evaluate stream conditions in Atlantic Forest, Brazil. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 175, 87–101.

88. Siegloch, A.E, Froehlich, C.G. and Spies, M.R., 2012. Diversity of Ephemeroptera (Insecta) of the Serra da Mantiqueira and Serra do Mar, southeastern Brazil. Rev. Bras. Entomologia 56, 473–480.

89. Righi-Cavallaro, K.O. and Froehlich, C.G., 2013. The nymph of Anacroneuria payagua Froehlich (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa 3635, 579–582.

90. Righi-Cavallaro, KO., Froehlich, C.G. and Lecci, L.S., 2013. New species of Anacroneuria (Plecoptera: Perlidae) from northeast Brazil. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 48, 125–134.

91. Segura, M.O, Passos, M.I.S., Fonseca-Gessner, A.A. and Froehlich, C.G., 2013. Elmidae Curtis, 1830 (Coleoptera, Polyphaga, Byrrhoidea) of the Neotropical region. Zootaxa 3731, 1–57

92. Righi-Cavallaro, K.O., Froehlich, C.G. and Cavallaro, M.R., 2014. Feeding Habits of Plecoptera Nymphs from the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences 8, 226–232.

93. Froehlich, C.G., 2015. Taxonomic notes on Guaranyperla (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae). Illiesia 11, 175–178.

94. Froehlich, C.G., 2016. Tupiperla (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) from southwestern Minas Gerais State, Brazil, with the description of Tupiperla amorimi n. sp. Zootaxa 4103, 174–176.

95. Calor, A.R., Holzenthal, R.W. and Froehlich, C.G., 2016. Phylogeny and revision of the Neotropical genus Grumichella Müller (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae), including nine new species and a key. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 176, 137–169.

96. Melo, A.S. and Froehlich, C.G., 2022. An attractor domain model of seasonal and inter-annual biodiversity of stream macroinvertebrate communities. Freshwater Biology 67, 1370–1379.

Books

1. Guimarães, M., Gualda, R., Vasconcelos-Sobrinho, J., Froehlich, C.G., Almeida, J.M., Carvalho, L., Ferri, M.G., Krasilchik, M. and Vieira, R., 1977. Educação Ambiental. Brasília: MINTER- SEMA, 38p.

2. Stark B.P., Froehlich C.G. and Zuniga M.C. 2009. Aquatic Biodiversity in Latin America. Volume 5. South American Stoneflies (Plecoptera). Sofia-Moscou: Pensoft, vol. 1, 154p .

Book chapters

1. Froehlich, C.G., 1964a. Plecoptera. História Natural de Organismos Aquáticos do Brasil. São Paulo: FAPESP, pp. 143–143.

2. Froehlich, C.G., 1964b. Ephemeroptera. História Natural de Organismos Aquáticos do Brasil. São Paulo: FAPESP, pp. 145–146.

3. Froehlich, C.G., 1964c. Oligochaeta Límnicos. História Natural de Organismos Aquáticos do Brasil. São Paulo: FAPESP, pp. 131–132.

4. Froehlich, C.G., 1964d. Turbellaria Límnicos. História Natural de Organismos Aquáticos do Brasil. São Paulo: FAPESP, pp. 99–100.

5. Froehlich, C.G., 1964e. Bryozoa Límnicos. História Natural de Organismos Aquáticos do Brasil. São Paulo: FAPESP, pp. 287–288.

6. Froehlich, C.G., 1974. Oncopod. Encyclopaedia Britannica Vol. 13. Chicago: Encyclopaedia Britannica, pp. 568–570.

7. Froehlich, C.G., 1981. Plecoptera. Aquatic Biota of Tropical South America, Part 1. Arthropoda. San Diego: San Diego State University, pp. 86–88.

8. Froehlich, C.G., 1990. Size Variation in Kempnyia (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Mayflies and Stoneflies: Life Histories and Biology. 1 ed. Dordrecht, Holanda: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 353–357.

9. Froehlich, C.G., 1991. Flight Periods of Kempnyia And Macrogynoplax (Plecoptera: Perlidae). In: Southeastern Brazil. Overview and Strategies of Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. 1 ed. Gainesville, Florida: The Sandhill Crane Press, Inc., pp. 353–357.

10. Froehlich, C.G. and Oliveira, L.G., 1997. Ephemeroptera And Plecoptera Nymphs From Riffles In Low-Order Streams In Southeastern Brazil. Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Biology-Ecology-Systematics. 1 ed. Fribourg, Suiça: MTL - Mauron + Tinguely & Lachat SA, pp. 180–185.

11. Froehlich, C.G., 1999a. Insetos Plecópteros. In: Ismael, D., Valenti, C., Matsumura-Tundisi, T. and Rocha, O. (Orgs.). Biodiversidade do Estado de São Paulo. São Paulo: FAPESP, vol. 4, pp. 159–160.

12. Froehlich, C.G., 1999b. Outros Insetos. In: Ismael, D., Valenti, C., Matsumura-Tundisi, T. and Rocha, O. (Orgs.). Biodiversidade do Estado de São Paulo. São Paulo: FAPESP, vol. 4, pp. 163–168.

13. Dorvillé, L.F.M. and Froehlich, C. G. 2001. Description of the nymph of Kempnya tijucana Dorvillé and Froehlich (Plecoptera, Perlidae) with notes on its development and biology. In: Domínguez, E.. (Org.). Trends in Research in Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. 1 ed. New York: Kluwer/Plenum, pp. 385–392.

14. Froehlich, C.G., 2001a. Guaranyperla, a new genus in the Gripopterygidae (Plecoptera). In: Domínguez, E. (Org.). Trends in Research in Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. 1 ed. New York: Kluwer/Plenum, pp. 379–383.

15. Froehlich, C.G., 2001b. Insetos Aquáticos. In: Leonel, C. (Org.). Intervales. Fundação para a Conservação e a Produção Florestal do Estado de São Paulo. 1ª ed. São Paulo: Governo do Estado de São Paulo. Secretaria de Estado do Meio Ambiente, pp. 181–187.

16. Polegatto, C.M. and Froehlich, C.G., 2003. Feeding strategies in Atalophlebiinae (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae), with considerations on scraping and filtering. In: Gaino, E. (Org.). Research Update on Ephemeroptera and Plecoptera. Perugia: Università di Perugia, pp. 55–61.

17. Froehlich, C.G., 2008. Old species of Neotropical Plecoptera. In: Hauer, F.R., Stanford, J.A. and Newell, R.L. (Orgs.). International Advances in the Ecology, Zoogeography and Systematics of Mayflies and Stoneflies. 1ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 125–132.

18. Froehlich, C.G., 2009a. Plecoptera. In: Fonseca; C.R.V., Magalhães, C., Rafael, J.A. and Franklin, E. (Orgs.). A Fauna de Artrópodes da Reserva Florestal Ducke. Estado Atual do Conhecimento Taxonômico e Biológico. Manaus: Editora INPA, pp. 1–307.

19. Froehlich, C.G., 2009b. Capítulo 5. Plecoptera. In: Domínguez, E. and Fernández, H.R. (Org.). Macroinvertebrados bentónicos sudamericanos. 1ed. Tucumán: Fundación Miguel Lillo, pp. 145–165.

20. Froehlich, C.G., 2012. Plecoptera. In: Rafael, J.A., Melo, G.A.R., Carvalho, C.J.B., Casari, S.A. and Constantino, R. (Orgs.). Insetos do Brasil. 1ed.Ribeirão Preto: Holos Editora, pp. 1–796.

Final considerations

CGF’s publications include several land planarian species, one velvet worm, and more than a hundred aquatic insect species, as well as some articles on the limnology of reservoirs or ecological studies.

This article presents a synthesis of the CGF’s legacy, either in scientific articles or human resources training. The multiplying factor of CGF’s advisorship can be observed in the several new research centers distributed in Brazil that continue to follow in his footsteps in the study of Brazilian aquatic ecosystems. Prof. CGF provided a solid, scientific, and ethical basis to the next generation of researchers on Brazilian aquatic entomology, and this short article is a summary of his bestowal and also the result of our pure gratitude.

More than an adviser…

Information Compilation

Synthesizing a magnificent academic career built by our great advisor was a very difficult task. Thus, we assume responsibility for any misinterpretation or errors. All information was mainly extracted from the Lattes Platform, Acacia Platform, “Catálogo Taxonômico da Fauna do Brasil” website (http://fauna.jbrj.gov.br/fauna/listaBrasil), and Stark et al. (2009). All data was sewn with our memories from lab and field work under the supervision of Prof. Claudio. Other publications were cited occasionally. All CGF’s publications were presented, as well as all taxa names dedicated to him.

Acknowledgments

The authors sincerely thank the mentor and friendship of Prof. Dr. Claudio Gilberto Froehlich. The exemplary scientific practice will always be our compass. We also thank Dr. Tácio Duarte (Centro de Investigación Esquel de Montaña y Estepa Patagónica, Argentina) for some data from his stonefly data basis. We are grateful to Dr. Dalton Amorim (USP) for encouraging us to organize the 3rd Symposium on Neotropical Aquatic Insects in 2015 in honor of Prof. Claudio, which had the presence of several researchers and/or friends from Brazil and abroad (Argentina, Colombia, USA). We also thank a lot to Augusto Froehlich for the pictures of the 90th birthday of Prof. Claudio as well as Sidnei Mateus and Janice Peters for other Claudio’s pictures.

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• Froehlich, C. G., 1955a. Notas sobre geoplanas brasileiras. Pap. Avulsos Zool. 12 (7), 189-198.
• Froehlich, C. G., 1955b. Sobre morfologia e taxonomia das Geoplanidae. Zoologia 19, 195-279.
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• Froehlich, C. G., 1957. Planárias terrestres do Paraná. Dusenia 7 (4), 173-191.
• Froehlich, C. G., 1958. On A Collection of Brazilian Land Planarians. Boll. Zool. 21, 93-121.
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• Froehlich, C. G., 1963a. Ocorrência de Forma Polipoide de Craspedacusta sowerby Lank. (Limnomedusae). An. Acad. Bras. Cienc. 35 (3), 421-422.
• Froehlich, C. G., 1963b. A Peripatus from Barbados. Boll. Zool. (24), 325-333.
• Froehlich, C. G., 1963c. The feeding apparatus of the Nymph of “Arthroplea congener” Bengtsson (Ephemeroptera). Opusc. Entomol. 29 (3), 188-208.
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• Froehlich, C. G., 1967. A contribution to the zoogeography of neotropical land planarians. Acta Zool. Lilloana 23, 153-162.
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• Froehlich, C. G., 1969a. Caenis cuniana sp. n., a Parthenogenetic Mayfly. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 6 (2), 103-108.
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• Froehlich, C. G., Arcifa, M. S. C. G., 1986. Padrões de circulação vertical em dez reservatórios do Estado de São Paulo. Cienc. Cult. 38 (4), 684-693.
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• Froehlich, C. G., 1996. Two New Species of Kempnyia from Southern Brazil (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Mitt. Schweiz. Entomol. Ges. 69, 117-120.
• Froehlich, C. G., 1998. Seven New Species of Tupiperla (Plecoptera: Gripopterygidae) from Brazil, with a Revision of the Genus. Stud. Neotrop. Fauna Environ. 33 (1), 19-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/snfe.33.1.19.2170
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• Froehlich, C. G., 1999. Biometric notes on Tupiperla Froehlich (Plecoptera, Gripopterygidae). Rev. Bras. Zool. 16 (2, Suppl. 2), 181-183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0101-81751999000600018
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• Froehlich, C. G., 1999a. Insetos Plecópteros. In: Ismael, D., Valenti, C., Matsumura-Tundisi, T., Rocha, O. (Eds.), Biodiversidade do Estado de São Paulo. Vol. 4. FAPESP, São Paulo, pp. 159-160.
• Froehlich, C. G., 2000. Biological observations on Tupiperla (Plecoptera: gripopterygidae). Rev. Bras. Biol. 60 (3), 447-450. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-71082000000300009
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• Froehlich, C. G., 2002a. Anacroneuria mainly from southern Brazil and northeastern Argentina (Plecoptera: Perlidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 115 (1), 75-107.
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Edited by

Associate Editor: Fabio Quinteiro

Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  05 Feb 2024
• Date of issue
  2023

History

• Received
  14 Aug 2023
• Accepted
  13 Nov 2023