Distribuição espacial de aves em um fragmento florestal do campus da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Norte do Paraná, Brasil

Gimenes, Márcio Rodrigo; Anjos, Luiz dos

doi:10.1590/S0101-81752000000100023

Resumo

Spatial distribution of birds was studied in 10 ha forest fragment at Londrina State University, southem Brazil (23º15'S, 51º10'W). Five habitats were categorized in the forest fragment: four related to the edges and one related to the forest interior. A line transect, crossing ali these habitats, was used to identify the bird species one day each two weeks from September 1996 to September 1997 totaling 57 days of samplings. The forest was divided into three leveis: understory (bellow 3 m), mid-levels (3-7 m) and canopy (above 7 m). Occurrence frequencies in each habitat and each forest levei were calculated for each of the 62 species identified during the field work. The number of species in each levei was similar (43 species in the understory, 42 at mid-levels and 40 in the canopy). Edges had higher number of species (51, 46, 33 and 30 species) and most of them with more than 50% of occurrence frequency. By contrast, forest had the lowest number of bird species (29 species), 80% of them with less than 50% of occurrence frequency, what suggest that the edge effect is strong on this forest fragment.

Spatial distribution; birds; forest fragment; northem Paraná State; south of Brazil

Distribuição espacial de aves em um fragmento florestal do campus da Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Norte do Paraná, Brasil

Spatial distribution of birds in a forest fragment at Londrina State University campus, Northern Paraná State, Brazil

Márcio Rodrigo Gimenes^I; Luiz dos Anjos^II

^ICurso de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia de Ecossistemas Aquáticos Continentais, Universidade Estadual de Maringá. Avenida Colombo 3690, Bloco G-90, 87020-900 Maringá, Paraná, Brasil

^IIDepartamento de Biologia Animal e Vegetal, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Caixa Postal 6001, 86051-970 Londrina, Paraná, Brasil. Bolsista do CNPq

ABSTRACT

Spatial distribution of birds was studied in 10 ha forest fragment at Londrina State University, southem Brazil (23º15'S, 51º10'W). Five habitats were categorized in the forest fragment: four related to the edges and one related to the forest interior. A line transect, crossing ali these habitats, was used to identify the bird species one day each two weeks from September 1996 to September 1997 totaling 57 days of samplings. The forest was divided into three leveis: understory (bellow 3 m), mid-levels (3-7 m) and canopy (above 7 m). Occurrence frequencies in each habitat and each forest levei were calculated for each of the 62 species identified during the field work. The number of species in each levei was similar (43 species in the understory, 42 at mid-levels and 40 in the canopy). Edges had higher number of species (51, 46, 33 and 30 species) and most of them with more than 50% of occurrence frequency. By contrast, forest had the lowest number of bird species (29 species), 80% of them with less than 50% of occurrence frequency, what suggest that the edge effect is strong on this forest fragment.

Key words: Spatial distribution, birds, forest fragment, northem Paraná State, south of Brazil.

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AGRADECIMENTOS. José Marcelo Torezan e Mario Orsi fizeram valiosas sugestões à versão preliminar deste manuscrito. LdA recebe Bolsa Produtividade em Pesquisa do CNPq (processo 350054/95-9) para estudos sobre aves em fragmentos florestais no norte do Paraná. MRG recebeu Bolsa de Iniciação Cientifica da Universidade Estadual de Londrina.

Recebido em 06.V.1999; aceito em 22 II.2000.

Aleixo, A. & J.M.E. Vielliard. 1995. Composição e dinâmica da avifauna da mata de Santa Genebra, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Revta bras. Zool. 12 (3): 493-511.
Anjos, L. dos. 1990. Distribuição de aves em uma floresta de araucária da cidade de Curitiba (sul do Brasil). Acta Biol., Curitiba, 19 (1): 51-63.
Anjos, L. dos & R. Boçon. 1999. Bird communities in natural forest patches in southern Brazil. The Wilson Bull. 111 (3): 397-414.
Anjos, L. dos & S. Laroca. 1989. Abundância relativa e diversidade em duas comunidades urbanas de aves de Curitiba (sul do Brasil). Arq. Biol. Tecnol., Curitiba, 32: 637-643.
Anjos, L. dos; K.L. Schuchmann & R. Berndt. 1997. Avifaunal composition, species ricbjiess, and status in the Tibagi river basin, Paraná State, southern Brazil. Orn. Neotrop. 8 (1): 145-173.
Bierregaard Jr., R.O. & T.E. Lovejoy. 1989. Effects of forest fragmentation on Amazonian understory bird communities. Acta Amazônica 19: 215-241.
Blondel, J. 1991. Birds in biological isolates, p. 45-72. In: CM. Perrjns; J.D. Lebreton & G.J.M. Hirons (Eds). Birds population studies: relevance to conservation and management. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 683p.
Forman, R.T.; A.E. Galli & C.F. Leck. 1976. Forest size and avian diversity in New Jersey woodlots with some landuse implications. Oncologia 26: 1-8.
Galli, A.E.; C.F. Leck & R.T. Forman. 1976. Avian distribution patterns within sized forest island in central New Jersey. Auk 93: 356-365.
Holmes, R.T. 1990a. Food resource availability and use in forest bird communities: a comparative view and critique, p. 387-393. In: A. Keast (Ed.). Biogeography and ecology of forest bird communities The Hague, SPB Academic Publishing, 410p.
______. 1990b. The structure of a temperate deciduous forest bird communities: variability in time andspace, p. 121-139. In: A. Keast(Ed.). Biogeography and ecology of forest bird communities The Hague, SPB Academic Publishing, 410p.
Maack, R. 1981. Geografia Física do Estado do Paraná Curitiba, 450p.
Meyer de Schauensee, R. 1982. A guide to the birds of South America Philadelphia, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 498p.
Moore, N.W. & M.D. Hooper. 1975. On the numbers of birds species in British woods. Biol. Conserv. 8: 239-250.
Scherer-Neto, P. & F.C. Straube. 1995. Aves do Paraná: História, lista anotada e bibliografia. Curitiba, Edição dos autores, 79p.
Sick, H. 1997. Ornitologia brasileira Nova Fronteira, Rio de Janeiro.
SOS Fundação Mata Atlântica & Inpe. 1990. A evolução dos remanescentes florestais e ecossistemas associados do dominio da mata atlântica: período 1985 a 1990. São Paulo, mapa impresso por Fundação Valeparaibana de Ensino.
Vielliard, J.E.M. & W.R. Silva. 1990. Nova metodologia de levantamento quantitativo da avifauna e primeiros resultados no interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, p. 117-151. In: S. Mendes (Ed.) Anais IV Encontro de Anilhadores de Aves, Recife, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco.
Wilcove, D.S. & S.K. Robinson. 1990. The impact of forest fragmentation on bird communities in Eastem North America, p. 319-331. In: A. Keast (Ed.) Biogeography and ecology of forest bird communities The Hague, SPB Academic Publishing, 410p.
Willis, E.O. 1979. The composition of avian communities in remanescem woodlots in southern Brazil. Paps Avul. Zool., São Paulo, 33 (1): 1-25.
Yahner, R.H. 1988. Changes in wildlife communities near edge. Conserv. Biol. 2: 333-339.

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
22 Maio 2009
Data do Fascículo
Mar 2000

Histórico

Aceito
22 Fev 2000
Recebido
06 Maio 1999

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] Aleixo, A. & J.M.E. Vielliard. 1995. Composição e dinâmica da avifauna da mata de Santa Genebra, Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Revta bras. Zool. 12 (3): 493-511.

[2] Anjos, L. dos. 1990. Distribuição de aves em uma floresta de araucária da cidade de Curitiba (sul do Brasil). Acta Biol., Curitiba, 19 (1): 51-63.

[3] Anjos, L. dos & R. Boçon. 1999. Bird communities in natural forest patches in southern Brazil. The Wilson Bull. 111 (3): 397-414.

[4] Anjos, L. dos & S. Laroca. 1989. Abundância relativa e diversidade em duas comunidades urbanas de aves de Curitiba (sul do Brasil). Arq. Biol. Tecnol., Curitiba, 32: 637-643.

[5] Anjos, L. dos; K.L. Schuchmann & R. Berndt. 1997. Avifaunal composition, species ricbjiess, and status in the Tibagi river basin, Paraná State, southern Brazil. Orn. Neotrop. 8 (1): 145-173.

[6] Bierregaard Jr., R.O. & T.E. Lovejoy. 1989. Effects of forest fragmentation on Amazonian understory bird communities. Acta Amazônica 19: 215-241.

[7] Blondel, J. 1991. Birds in biological isolates, p. 45-72. In: CM. Perrjns; J.D. Lebreton & G.J.M. Hirons (Eds). Birds population studies: relevance to conservation and management. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 683p.

[8] Forman, R.T.; A.E. Galli & C.F. Leck. 1976. Forest size and avian diversity in New Jersey woodlots with some landuse implications. Oncologia 26: 1-8.

[9] Galli, A.E.; C.F. Leck & R.T. Forman. 1976. Avian distribution patterns within sized forest island in central New Jersey. Auk 93: 356-365.

[10] Holmes, R.T. 1990a. Food resource availability and use in forest bird communities: a comparative view and critique, p. 387-393. In: A. Keast (Ed.). Biogeography and ecology of forest bird communities The Hague, SPB Academic Publishing, 410p.

[11] ______. 1990b. The structure of a temperate deciduous forest bird communities: variability in time andspace, p. 121-139. In: A. Keast(Ed.). Biogeography and ecology of forest bird communities The Hague, SPB Academic Publishing, 410p.

[12] Maack, R. 1981. Geografia Física do Estado do Paraná Curitiba, 450p.

[13] Meyer de Schauensee, R. 1982. A guide to the birds of South America Philadelphia, The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 498p.

[14] Moore, N.W. & M.D. Hooper. 1975. On the numbers of birds species in British woods. Biol. Conserv. 8: 239-250.

[15] Scherer-Neto, P. & F.C. Straube. 1995. Aves do Paraná: História, lista anotada e bibliografia. Curitiba, Edição dos autores, 79p.

[16] Sick, H. 1997. Ornitologia brasileira Nova Fronteira, Rio de Janeiro.

[17] SOS Fundação Mata Atlântica & Inpe. 1990. A evolução dos remanescentes florestais e ecossistemas associados do dominio da mata atlântica: período 1985 a 1990. São Paulo, mapa impresso por Fundação Valeparaibana de Ensino.

[18] Vielliard, J.E.M. & W.R. Silva. 1990. Nova metodologia de levantamento quantitativo da avifauna e primeiros resultados no interior do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, p. 117-151. In: S. Mendes (Ed.) Anais IV Encontro de Anilhadores de Aves, Recife, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco.

[19] Wilcove, D.S. & S.K. Robinson. 1990. The impact of forest fragmentation on bird communities in Eastem North America, p. 319-331. In: A. Keast (Ed.) Biogeography and ecology of forest bird communities The Hague, SPB Academic Publishing, 410p.

[20] Willis, E.O. 1979. The composition of avian communities in remanescem woodlots in southern Brazil. Paps Avul. Zool., São Paulo, 33 (1): 1-25.

[21] Yahner, R.H. 1988. Changes in wildlife communities near edge. Conserv. Biol. 2: 333-339.