Ontogenia dos estratos parietais da antera de Tabebuia pulcherrima Sandw. (Bignoniaceae)

Bittencourt Jr, Nelson S; Mariath, Jorge Ernesto de A

doi:10.1590/S0102-33061997000100002

Resumos

A ontogenia do tapete e dos demais estratos parietais, bem como o desenvolvimento do estômio e deiscência da antera de Tabebuia pulcherrima, foram presentemente estudados. O padrão de formação da parede do androsporângio é do tipo Dicotiledôneo. A camada parietal primária, a camada esporogênica e o tapete interno derivam-se diretamente do meristema fundamental. O tecido esporogênico, em cada androsporângio, visto em secção transversal, organiza-se numa fileira celular em forma de ferradura. O tapete é do tipo secretor e possui origem dual. O tapete interno diferencia-se precocemente em relação ao tapete externo. As duas camadas tapetais são discretamente dimórficas, mas tal dimorfismo é perdido no fim do estádio meiótico do esporângio. O dimorfismo tapetai e a precoce diferenciação do tapete interno são interpretados como expressão de um lapso ontogenético entre as duas camadas. Nas regiões dorso-laterais das tecas desenvolve-se um endotécio multiestratificado com espessamentos anelados ou helicoidais nas paredes celulares. A deiscência é precedida pela degeneração dos tecidos placentóides e ruptura dos septos interesporangiais. Apenas as células epidérmicas dos dois lados do sítio de ruptura do estômio (células estomiais) estão envolvidas com a ruptura do mesmo.

Bignoniaceae; Tabebuia; tapete; deiscência; ontogenia

The ontogeny of the tapetum and parietal layers, as well as the stomium development and the dehiscence of the anther of Tabebuia pulcherima was studied. The anther wall formation follows the Dicotyledoneous type. The primary parietal layer, the sporogenous tissue, and the inner tapetum are differentiated directly from the ground meristem. The sporogenous tissue, as seeing in a transverse section, is organized in one cellular strip with a horseshoe outline. The tapetum is secretory and shows a distinct dual origin. The inner tapetai layer differentiates earlier than the outher. The two tapetai layers are moderately dimorphic. However, even such a dimorphism is lost at the end of the sporangium meiosis. The tapetai dimorphism and the precocious differentiation of the inner tapetum was interpreted as expression of a developmental gap between the two layers. At the four corners of the anther, a multilayered endothecium with annular or spiral fibrous thickenings in their cell walls is formed. The deiscence is preceded by the placentoid tissues degeneration and the rupture of the interesporangial septa. Only the epidermal cell rows, at the two sides of the stomial dehiscing place, are involved in the stomium rupturing.

Bignoniaceae; Tabebuia; tapetum; dehiscence; ontogeny

Ontogenia dos estratos parietais da antera de Tabebuia pulcherrima Sandw. (Bignoniaceae)^* * Parte da dissertação de Mestrado do primeiro autor

Ontogeny of the anther parietal layers of Tabebuia pulcherrima Sandw. (Bignoniaceae)

Nelson S. Bittencourt Jr^I; Jorge Ernesto de A. Mariath^II

^ICentro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos. Av. UNISINOS 950, CEP 93.022-000, São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Ex-bolsista da CAPES

^IIDepartamento de Botânica, UFRGS. Av. Paulo Gama 40, CEP 90.046-900, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Bolsa de Produtividade, CNPq

RESUMO

A ontogenia do tapete e dos demais estratos parietais, bem como o desenvolvimento do estômio e deiscência da antera de Tabebuia pulcherrima, foram presentemente estudados. O padrão de formação da parede do androsporângio é do tipo Dicotiledôneo. A camada parietal primária, a camada esporogênica e o tapete interno derivam-se diretamente do meristema fundamental. O tecido esporogênico, em cada androsporângio, visto em secção transversal, organiza-se numa fileira celular em forma de ferradura. O tapete é do tipo secretor e possui origem dual. O tapete interno diferencia-se precocemente em relação ao tapete externo. As duas camadas tapetais são discretamente dimórficas, mas tal dimorfismo é perdido no fim do estádio meiótico do esporângio. O dimorfismo tapetai e a precoce diferenciação do tapete interno são interpretados como expressão de um lapso ontogenético entre as duas camadas. Nas regiões dorso-laterais das tecas desenvolve-se um endotécio multiestratificado com espessamentos anelados ou helicoidais nas paredes celulares. A deiscência é precedida pela degeneração dos tecidos placentóides e ruptura dos septos interesporangiais. Apenas as células epidérmicas dos dois lados do sítio de ruptura do estômio (células estomiais) estão envolvidas com a ruptura do mesmo.

Palavras-chave: Bignoniaceae, Tabebuia, tapete, deiscência, ontogenia.

ABSTRACT

The ontogeny of the tapetum and parietal layers, as well as the stomium development and the dehiscence of the anther of Tabebuia pulcherima was studied. The anther wall formation follows the Dicotyledoneous type. The primary parietal layer, the sporogenous tissue, and the inner tapetum are differentiated directly from the ground meristem. The sporogenous tissue, as seeing in a transverse section, is organized in one cellular strip with a horseshoe outline. The tapetum is secretory and shows a distinct dual origin. The inner tapetai layer differentiates earlier than the outher. The two tapetai layers are moderately dimorphic. However, even such a dimorphism is lost at the end of the sporangium meiosis. The tapetai dimorphism and the precocious differentiation of the inner tapetum was interpreted as expression of a developmental gap between the two layers. At the four corners of the anther, a multilayered endothecium with annular or spiral fibrous thickenings in their cell walls is formed. The deiscence is preceded by the placentoid tissues degeneration and the rupture of the interesporangial septa. Only the epidermal cell rows, at the two sides of the stomial dehiscing place, are involved in the stomium rupturing.

Key words: Bignoniaceae, Tabebuia, tapetum, dehiscence, ontogeny

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Recebido em 9/9/96.

Aceito em 31/3/97

Barroso, G. M. 1986. Sistemática de Angiospermas do Brasil. Vol. 3. Viçosa: UFV, Impr. Univ.
Bittencourt Jr.. N. S. 1996. Mirosporogêmese e etapas da ontogenia do gametófito masculino de Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) Standley (Bignoniaceae). Acta Botanica Brasilica 10(1): 9-23.
Boke, N. H. 1949. Development of stamens and carpels in Vinca rosea L. American Journal of Botany 36: 535-549.
Buvat, R. 1984. Ontogeny, Cell Differenciation, and Structure of Vascular Plants. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Chapman, G. P. 1987. The tapetum. International Review of Cytology 107: 111-125.
Cooper, D. C. 1933. Nuclear divisions in the tapetai cells of certain angiosperms. American Journal of Botany 20: 358-364.
Davis, G. L. 1966. Systematic Embryology of the Angiosperms. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Dickinson, H. G. & Lewis, D. 1973. The formation of the tryphine coating the pollen grais of Raphanus and its properties relating to the self-incompatibulity system. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 184: 149-165.
Eschrich, W. & Currier, H. B. 1964. Identification of calose by its dichrome and flhuorochrome reactions. Stain Technology 39: 303-307.
Fahn, A. 1990. Plant Anatomy. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Gabriel, B. L. 1982. Biological Electron Microscopy. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
Gerlach, D. 1977. Botanische Mikrotechnik - Eine Enfiihrung. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag.
Ghatak, J. 1956. A contribution to the life history of Oroxylum indicum Vent. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences B 43: 73-83.
Gentry, A. H. 1974a. Flowering phenology and diversity in tropical Bignoniaceae. Biotropica 6: 64-68.
Gentry, A. H. 1974b. Coevolutionary patterns in Central American Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 61: 728-759.
Gentry, A. E. 1992. Bignoniaceae II. Tribe Tecomeae. Flora Neotropica, Monograph 25, parte 2. New York: New York Botanical Garden.
Gersterberger, P. & Leins, P. 1978. Rasterlektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung an Blütenospen von Physalis philadelphica (Solanaceae). Berichte der deutschen Botanischea Gesellschatt 91: 381-387.
Greilhuber, J. 1974. Uncommon karyological features in the tapetum of some Pediculariaceae (Scrophulariaceae). Caryologia 27: 167-182.
Gupta, S. C. & Nanda, K. 1978a. Studies in the Bignoniaceae. I. Ontogeny of dimorphic anther tapetum in Pyrostegia. American Journal of Botany 65(4): 365-399.
______. 1978b. Studies in the Bignoniaceae. II. Ontogeny of dimorphic anther tapetum in Tecoma. American Journal of Botany 65(4): 400-405.
______. 1978c. Ontogeny and histochemistry of dimorphic tapetum in Tecoma stans anthers. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 125:
Herich, R. & Lux, A. 1985. Lytic activity of Ubisch bodies (orbicules). Cytologia 50: 563-569.
Heslop-Harrison, J. 1968. The tapetai origin of pollen coat substances in Lilium. New Phytologist 67: 779-786.
Heslop-Harrison, J. 1975a. The adaptive significance of exine. In: J. K. Ferguson. & J. Muller, (ed.) The evolutionary significance of exine. Linnean Society Symposium, Series I. p. 27-38.
Heslop-Harrison, J. 1975b. The physiology of the pollen grain surface. Proceedings of Royal Society B. 190: 275-299.
Johansen, D. A. 1940. Plant Microtechnique. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Johri, B. M., Ambegaokar, K. B. & Srivastava, P. S. 1992. Comparative Embryology of Angiosperms. Berlin: SpringerVerlag. Vol. 2.
Keijzer, C. J. 1987. The processes of anther dehiscence and pollen dispersal. I. The opening mechanism of longitudinally dehiscing anthers. New Phytologist 105: 487-498.
Maheshwari, P. 1950. An Introduction to the Embryology of Angiosperms. New Dehli: Tata McGraw-Hill.
Mascarenhas, J. P. 1975. The biochemistry of angiosperm pollen development. Botanical Review 41: 259-314.
Mehra, K. R. & Kulkami, A. R. 1985. Embryological studies in Bignoniaceae. Phytomorphology 35(3,4): 239-251.
O'Brien, T. P. & McCully, M. E. 1981. The Study of Plant Structure Principles and Selected Methods. Melbourne: Termarcarphi Pty.
Pacini, E.; Franchi, G. G. & Hesse, M. 1985. The tapetum: Its form, function, and possible phylogeny in Embryophyta. Plant Systematic Evolution 149: 155-185.
Periasamy, K. & Swamy, B. G. L. 1964 Is the microsporangium of angiosperms wall-less? Current Science 34(2,3): 735-738.
______. 1966. Morphology of the anther tapetum of angiosperms. Current Science 35(17): 427-430.
Risueño, M. C.; Giménez-Martín, G., López-Sáez, J. F. & Garcia, M. I. R. 1969. Origin and development of sporopollenin bodies. Protoplasma 67: 361-374.
Schmid, R. A. 1976. Filament histology and anther dehiscence. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 73: 303-315.
Sandwith, N. Y. & Hunt, D. R. 1974. Bignoniáceas. Flora Ilustrada Catarinense. (Bign.
Sass, J. E. 1940. Elements of Botanical Microtechnique. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Southworth, D. 1973. Cytochemical reactivity of pollen walls. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 21: 73-80.
Vasil, I. K. 1967. Physiology and cytology of anther development. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 42: 327-373.
Venkatasubban, K. R. 1945. Cytological Studies in Bignoniaceae. IV. The cytology of Dolichandrone reedii Seem, and allied genera. Proceedings of the Indian Acadademy of Sciences B. 21: 77-92.
Vijayaraghavan, M. R. & Ratnaparkhi, S. 1973. Dual origin and dimorphism of the anther tapetum in Alectra thomsoni Hook. Annals of Botany 37: 355-359.
Woycicki, Z. 1924. Recherches sur la déhiscence des anthèrs et el rôle du stomium. Revue Génerale de Botanique 36: 196-212, 256-258.
Yanagizawa, Y. & Gottsberger, G. 1984. Competição entre Distictella elongata (Bignoniaceae) e Crotalaria anagyroides (Fabaceae) com relação as abelhas polinizadoras no cerrado de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo. Portugaliae Acta Biologica Série A 17: 147-166.

*

Parte da dissertação de Mestrado do primeiro autor

Datas de Publicação

Publicação nesta coleção
03 Jun 2011
Data do Fascículo
Jul 1997

Histórico

Recebido
09 Set 1996
Aceito
31 Mar 1997

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

[1] Barroso, G. M. 1986. Sistemática de Angiospermas do Brasil. Vol. 3. Viçosa: UFV, Impr. Univ.

[2] Bittencourt Jr.. N. S. 1996. Mirosporogêmese e etapas da ontogenia do gametófito masculino de Tabebuia ochracea (Cham.) Standley (Bignoniaceae). Acta Botanica Brasilica 10(1): 9-23.

[3] Boke, N. H. 1949. Development of stamens and carpels in Vinca rosea L. American Journal of Botany 36: 535-549.

[4] Buvat, R. 1984. Ontogeny, Cell Differenciation, and Structure of Vascular Plants. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

[5] Chapman, G. P. 1987. The tapetum. International Review of Cytology 107: 111-125.

[6] Cooper, D. C. 1933. Nuclear divisions in the tapetai cells of certain angiosperms. American Journal of Botany 20: 358-364.

[7] Davis, G. L. 1966. Systematic Embryology of the Angiosperms. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

[8] Dickinson, H. G. & Lewis, D. 1973. The formation of the tryphine coating the pollen grais of Raphanus and its properties relating to the self-incompatibulity system. Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 184: 149-165.

[9] Eschrich, W. & Currier, H. B. 1964. Identification of calose by its dichrome and flhuorochrome reactions. Stain Technology 39: 303-307.

[10] Fahn, A. 1990. Plant Anatomy. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

[11] Gabriel, B. L. 1982. Biological Electron Microscopy. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

[12] Gerlach, D. 1977. Botanische Mikrotechnik - Eine Enfiihrung. Stuttgart: Georg Thieme Verlag.

[13] Ghatak, J. 1956. A contribution to the life history of Oroxylum indicum Vent. Proceedings of the Indian Academy of Sciences B 43: 73-83.

[14] Gentry, A. H. 1974a. Flowering phenology and diversity in tropical Bignoniaceae. Biotropica 6: 64-68.

[15] Gentry, A. H. 1974b. Coevolutionary patterns in Central American Bignoniaceae. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden. 61: 728-759.

[16] Gentry, A. E. 1992. Bignoniaceae II. Tribe Tecomeae. Flora Neotropica, Monograph 25, parte 2. New York: New York Botanical Garden.

[17] Gersterberger, P. & Leins, P. 1978. Rasterlektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung an Blütenospen von Physalis philadelphica (Solanaceae). Berichte der deutschen Botanischea Gesellschatt 91: 381-387.

[18] Greilhuber, J. 1974. Uncommon karyological features in the tapetum of some Pediculariaceae (Scrophulariaceae). Caryologia 27: 167-182.

[19] Gupta, S. C. & Nanda, K. 1978a. Studies in the Bignoniaceae. I. Ontogeny of dimorphic anther tapetum in Pyrostegia. American Journal of Botany 65(4): 365-399.

[20] ______. 1978b. Studies in the Bignoniaceae. II. Ontogeny of dimorphic anther tapetum in Tecoma. American Journal of Botany 65(4): 400-405.

[21] ______. 1978c. Ontogeny and histochemistry of dimorphic tapetum in Tecoma stans anthers. Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France 125:

[22] Herich, R. & Lux, A. 1985. Lytic activity of Ubisch bodies (orbicules). Cytologia 50: 563-569.

[23] Heslop-Harrison, J. 1968. The tapetai origin of pollen coat substances in Lilium. New Phytologist 67: 779-786.

[24] Heslop-Harrison, J. 1975a. The adaptive significance of exine. In: J. K. Ferguson. & J. Muller, (ed.) The evolutionary significance of exine. Linnean Society Symposium, Series I. p. 27-38.

[25] Heslop-Harrison, J. 1975b. The physiology of the pollen grain surface. Proceedings of Royal Society B. 190: 275-299.

[26] Johansen, D. A. 1940. Plant Microtechnique. New York: McGraw-Hill.

[27] Johri, B. M., Ambegaokar, K. B. & Srivastava, P. S. 1992. Comparative Embryology of Angiosperms. Berlin: SpringerVerlag. Vol. 2.

[28] Keijzer, C. J. 1987. The processes of anther dehiscence and pollen dispersal. I. The opening mechanism of longitudinally dehiscing anthers. New Phytologist 105: 487-498.

[29] Maheshwari, P. 1950. An Introduction to the Embryology of Angiosperms. New Dehli: Tata McGraw-Hill.

[30] Mascarenhas, J. P. 1975. The biochemistry of angiosperm pollen development. Botanical Review 41: 259-314.

[31] Mehra, K. R. & Kulkami, A. R. 1985. Embryological studies in Bignoniaceae. Phytomorphology 35(3,4): 239-251.

[32] O'Brien, T. P. & McCully, M. E. 1981. The Study of Plant Structure Principles and Selected Methods. Melbourne: Termarcarphi Pty.

[33] Pacini, E.; Franchi, G. G. & Hesse, M. 1985. The tapetum: Its form, function, and possible phylogeny in Embryophyta. Plant Systematic Evolution 149: 155-185.

[34] Periasamy, K. & Swamy, B. G. L. 1964 Is the microsporangium of angiosperms wall-less? Current Science 34(2,3): 735-738.

[35] ______. 1966. Morphology of the anther tapetum of angiosperms. Current Science 35(17): 427-430.

[36] Risueño, M. C.; Giménez-Martín, G., López-Sáez, J. F. & Garcia, M. I. R. 1969. Origin and development of sporopollenin bodies. Protoplasma 67: 361-374.

[37] Schmid, R. A. 1976. Filament histology and anther dehiscence. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 73: 303-315.

[38] Sandwith, N. Y. & Hunt, D. R. 1974. Bignoniáceas. Flora Ilustrada Catarinense. (Bign.

[39] Sass, J. E. 1940. Elements of Botanical Microtechnique. New York: McGraw-Hill.

[40] Southworth, D. 1973. Cytochemical reactivity of pollen walls. Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry 21: 73-80.

[41] Vasil, I. K. 1967. Physiology and cytology of anther development. Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society 42: 327-373.

[42] Venkatasubban, K. R. 1945. Cytological Studies in Bignoniaceae. IV. The cytology of Dolichandrone reedii Seem, and allied genera. Proceedings of the Indian Acadademy of Sciences B. 21: 77-92.

[43] Vijayaraghavan, M. R. & Ratnaparkhi, S. 1973. Dual origin and dimorphism of the anther tapetum in Alectra thomsoni Hook. Annals of Botany 37: 355-359.

[44] Woycicki, Z. 1924. Recherches sur la déhiscence des anthèrs et el rôle du stomium. Revue Génerale de Botanique 36: 196-212, 256-258.

[45] Yanagizawa, Y. & Gottsberger, G. 1984. Competição entre Distictella elongata (Bignoniaceae) e Crotalaria anagyroides (Fabaceae) com relação as abelhas polinizadoras no cerrado de Botucatu, Estado de São Paulo. Portugaliae Acta Biologica Série A 17: 147-166.