Liverworts of Alagoas State, Brazil

Hepáticas do Estado de Alagoas, Brasil

Liverworts of Alagoas State, Brazil

Hepáticas do Estado de Alagoas, Brasil

Lisi Dámaris Pereira Alvarenga¹; Juliana Rosa do Pará Marques de Oliveira; Mércia Patrícia Pereira Silva; Sarah Oliveira da Costa; Kátia Cavalcanti Pôrto

Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Departamento de Botânica, Laboratório Biologia de Briófitas, CCB, Av. Prof. Moraes Rêgo s.n., Cidade Universitária, 50670-901 Recife, PE, Brasil

ABSTRACT

A list of liverworts from Alagoas State was compiled and is presented here. The list is based on catalogues and previous papers as well as the results of an unpublished survey carried out at the Murici Ecological Station (EsEc), an important protected area of the Brazilian Northeast (9º11'05" - 9º16'48"S; 35º45'20" - 35º55'12"W). One-hundred and sixteen liverworts have been recorded for the state of Alagoas, of which 106 occur at EsEc Murici. Seventy-eight are new occurrences for Alagoas, and seven of these are also new occurrences for northeastern Brazil. Data on geographic distribution in Brazil and worldwide is given here, in addition to ecological and taxonomic comments on the species that are new occurrences for the Northeast region.

Key words: liverworts, Atlantic Forest, northeastern Brazil, bryophyte flora

RESUMO

No presente trabalho, são compiladas as espécies de hepáticas ocorrentes no Estado de Alagoas, resultantes de informações disponíveis em catálogos e trabalhos anteriores e do inventário inédito de uma importante unidade de conservação do Nordeste, a Estação Ecológica (EsEc) Murici (9º11'05" - 9º16'48"S; 35º45'20" - 35º55'12"O). São referidas para Alagoas 116 espécies de hepáticas, tendo 106 delas ocorrido na EsEc Murici. Setenta e oito espécies são genuinamente novas ocorrências para o Estado de Alagoas, sete das quais são novas também para a região Nordeste do Brasil. São fornecidos dados sobre a distribuição geográfica das espécies no Brasil e no mundo, e adicionalmente, comentários taxonômicos e ecológicos das espécies que são novas ocorrências para o Nordeste.

Palavras-chave: Hepáticas, Floresta Atlântica, Nordeste do Brasil, brioflora

Introduction

The bryophyte flora of Alagoas is one of the most poorly studied of the Brazilian Northeast. To date, no systematic survey has been performed and all references come from sparse and sporadic collections whose results have been put together in Yano's catalogues (1981; 1984; 1989; 1995; 2006).

Recently, Pôrto et al. (2006) carried out an inventory in four Atlantic Rain Forest remnants, recording 76 species of bryophytes - liverworts (31 spp.) and mosses (45 spp.) - while Yano & Peralta (2007) increased this number by publishing 36 new occurrences (26 mosses and 10 liverworts) for Alagoas. Yet species richness in Alagoas is still low when compared to other states like Pernambuco and Bahia, which house more than 300 spp. (Pôrto & Germano 2002; Bôas-Bastos, S.B.V., personal communication).

Additionally, Alagoas' bryophyte flora is now increased by the survey carried out at the Murici Ecological Station (EsEc), one of the main Atlantic Forest remnants of northeastern Brazil. EsEc Murici was created in 2001 with 6,116.43 ha and is considered a priority area for biodiversity conservation in Brazil and worldwide (Brasil - MMA 2000). The survey resulted in a list of 181 species, of which 106 are liverworts, 72 are mosses, and three await special taxonomic treatment. This paper focuses only on liverworts, while mosses will receive attention in another publication.

This paper presents a compilation of liverwort species occurring in Alagoas State, bringing together published information (catalogues) and results from the EsEc Murici survey. Moreover, it provides data about the species' geographic distribution in Brazil and in the world, as well as taxonomic and ecological comments on the new occurrences for the northeastern region.

Material and methods

EsEc Murici (9º11'05" - 9º16'48"S; 35º45'20" 35º55'12"W) is part of Murici and Messias municipalities, 50 km from Maceió, capital of the state of Alagoas (Moura 2006). The elevation of the reserve ranges between 200-650 m, and the area has warm, humid wheather, with a dry summer and a wet autumn-winter season. The mean annual precipitation and temperature are 2,167.7 and 24 ºC, respectively (National Institute of Meteorology, data for the period from 1961 to 1990). The vegetation cover is classified as Submontane Open Humid Atlantic Rain Forest (Veloso et al. 1991).

The botanical material studied consists of epiphyllic (leaf inhabiting), epiphytic (bark inhabiting) and epixyllic (decaying wood inhabiting) samples collected from the understory and canopy. The material was examined in the laboratory; identification and taxonomic and ecological commentaries were based on the following literature: Fulford (1963; 1966; 1968; 1976), Stotler (1970), Kron (1988), Reiner-Drewald & Goda (2000), Gradstein & Costa (2003), and Dauphin (2003). Occasionally the identification of specimens was confirmed by specialists. The following literature was consulted to compile the information on geographic distribution: Yano (1984; 1989; 1995; 2004; 2005; 2006), Bastos & Yano (2004; 2006), Câmara & Vital (2004), Câmara & Costa (2006), Costa & Silva (2003), Costa et al. (2005), Ganacevich & Mello (2006), Germano & Pôrto (2005), Gradstein & Costa (2003), Joyce et al. (2006), Molinaro & Costa (2001), Oliveira et al. (2006), Paixão & Mello (2006), Patrus & Starling (2006), Pôrto et al. (2006), Valente & Pôrto (2006a; 2006b), Vilas Bôas-Bastos, Bastos & Ballejos (2006), Yano & Bordin (2006), Yano & Câmara (2004), Yano & Costa (2000), and Yano & Peralta (2005; 2006; 2007). The taxonomic classification adopted was that presented by Crandall-Stotler & Stotler (2000). All samples studied are registered and deposited in the UFP-Geraldo Mariz Herbarium, at the Federal University of Pernambuco.

The Alagoas liverwort species listed that did not occur in EsEc Murici where found in Yano's catalogues (1981; 1984; 1989; 1995; 2006), Gradstein & Costa (2003), and Pôrto et al. (2006).

Results and discussion

One-hundred sixteen species of liverworts were recorded for Alagoas. Seventy-eight species are new occurrences for Alagoas state, occurring exclusively at EsEc Murici, and seven species are new occurrences for the Brazilian Northeast as well. The other 38 species had been previously cited in catalogues and other papers. The taxa are listed in alphabetical order by family and species and include locality, substrata and forest strata (understory or canopy) in the case of EsEc Murici, and geographic distribution in Brazil and in the world (Tab. 1).

Most of the species had typically Neotropical (59%), Pantropical (16%) and African-American (7%) geographic distributions. Lejeuneaceae is by far the richest family in the state, with 83 species. This obviously is because the flora presented here comes mainly from Atlantic Rain Forest. It is known that this family used to be predominant in the flora of tropical regions, especially in forest habitats (Gradstein et al. 2001).

Geographic distribution details, taxonomic and ecological comments and ilustrations of the main characters of the new occurrences for Northeast Brazil are presented below.

ANEURACEAE

Aneura pinguis (L.) Dumort., Comment. Bot. 115. 1822. Fig. 1-2

Material examined: BRAZIL. Alagoas: Murici, 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45851); ib. 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45850).

Description: Schuster (1992).

Comments: this species was placed within Riccardia S.F. Gray genus until recent decades. However, it can be distinguished from this genus because of at least two clear characters on gametophytes: 1) thallus less ramified, darker and wider, reaching up to 8 mm while Riccardia spp. reaches no more than 3 mm wide and; 2) many minutely dispersed oil bodies inside the cells. Aneura pinguis is easily recognized in the field even when sterile, due to its conspicuous and lustrous thallus, green to yellowish-green in color. Of the Aneura Dumort. species occurring in Brazil, A. pinguis is the only one with 10-18 (20) cell thickness in the middle (transversal section); the others are thinner, up to 9 cells thick. In Brazil, this species was only known for the North, Central and Southeast regions. It is sub-cosmopolitan and occurs at altitudes that vary from sea level to 800 m. It was found growing on decaying wood in EsEc Murici.

LEJEUNEACEAE

Aphanolejeunea asperrima Steph., Sp. Hepat. 5: 859. 1916. Fig. 3-6

Material examined: BRAZIL. Alagoas: Murici, 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45822); ib. 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45823); ib. 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45825); ib. 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45829); ib. 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45830); ib. 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45833); ib. 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45845); ib. 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45831); ib. 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45842); ib. 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45844).

Description: Gradstein & Costa (2003).

Comments: this species is characterized by well developed lobules in most leaves, reaching 2/5 to 2/3 of lobe length and with the first lobule tooth falcate, consisting of two slightly elongated cells; the surface of lobes, lobules, and perianths is covered with conical papillae. The marginal cells of lobes and lobules are conically protuberant. Aphanolejeunea asperrima resembles A. microscopica (Tayl.) A. Evans, but the latter has greater lobules that reach 2/3 to 4/5 of lobe length. Aphanolejeunea asperrima has only been recorded for Patagonia and Brazil, where it has been found growing on leaves at altitudes that vary from 1450-2000 m. In Brazil it was previously known to the South and Southeastern regions. It was found growing on leaves in the understory at EsEc Murici.

Aphanolejeunea camillii (Lehm.) R.M. Schust., Hepat. Anthocer. N. Amer. 4: 1297. 1980. Fig. 7-10

Material examined: BRAZIL. Alagoas: Murici, 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45844); ib. 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45827).

Description: Gradstein & Costa (2003).

Comments: this species is characterized by elliptic, rhombic, or lanceolate leaves that are wider in the middle, nearly symmetrical, and with an acute apex that ends in one cell. The lobules are reduced in most leaves, but are occasionally developed and can reach 1/4 of lobe length. Aphanolejeunea camillii resembles A. paucifolia (Spruce) E. Reiner, but it is clearly distinguished by the leaves - those of the latter are asymmetrical, wider at the base, and with an apex that ends in a row of 3-4 cells; in addition, the lobules are always reduced. It is common in the Neotropics, occurring from Mexico to Paraguay and northern Argentina. In Brazil it is known to occur in the North and Southeast regions. It was found growing on leaves in the understory in the EsEc Murici.

Cololejeunea lanciloba Steph., Hedwigia 34: 250. 1895. Fig. 11-16

Material examined: BRAZIL. Alagoas: Murici, 3/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45828).

Description: Tixier (1991), as Cololejeunea evansii P. Tixier.

Comments: this species is characterized by leaves with a hyaline margin of rectangular cells and with plane lobules parallel to the stem frequently bilobate and with a rounded apex. Cololejeunea lanciloba has highly variable gametophytic characters, even concerning lobule shape; the latter fact causes problems in distinguishing it from Cololejeunea latilobula (Herzog) Tixier, according Dr. Tamás Pócs who is presently revising the genera for the Neotropics (pers. comm.). The only reliable distinction between them is that C. lanciloba has narrowly ligulate to acute lobules usually with 1-2 lateral teeth while C. latilobula always has broad, obtuse, ligulate lobules. Cololejeunea lanciloba is Pantropical and grows on leaves in areas with altitudes up to 50 m. In Brazil it was restricted to Amazonas state, where it was recorded by the first name, Cololejeunea tonkinensis Steph. It was found growing on leaves in the understory at EsEc Murici.

Drepanolejeunea campanulata (Spruce) Steph., Sp. Hepat. 5: 328. 1913. Fig. 17-21

Material examined: BRAZIL. Alagoas: Murici, 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45826).

Description: Bischler (1964).

Comments: this species is characterized by the presence of a conspicuous tooth 2-3 cells long on the ventral lobe margin, positioned just above the junction with the keel. This species resembles Drepanolejeunea lichenicola (Spruce) Steph., but the pre-apical lobule teeth of the latter are longer, curved, and usually cross the apical teeth, whereas in D. campanulata the teeth are short and inconspicuous. Drepanolejeunea campanulata was previously known to Ecuador, Peru, and Southeast Brazil. It was found growing on leaves and bark in the understory, sub-canopy, and canopy at EsEc Murici.

Drepanolejeunea crucianella (Tayl.) A. Evans, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 30: 33. 1903. Fig. 22-26

Material examined: BRAZIL. Alagoas: Murici, 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45822); ib. 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45824); ib. 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45833); ib. 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45841); ib. 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45845).

Description: Bischler (1964).

Comments: this species can be easily recognized due to the presence of conspicuous teeth that are 2-6 cells long and 1-3 cells wide at the base in both the dorsal and ventral leaf margins. This species resembles Drepanolejeunea palmifolia (Nees) Steph., but the latter has teeth only on dorsal margins. Drepanolejeunea crucianella generally occurs in lowland forests, growing on leaves. It has a Neotropical distribution and in Brazil it was previously restricted to Amazonas and Pará, in the North region. It was found growing on leaves in the understory at EsEc Murci.

Harpalejeunea tridens (Besch. & Spruce) Steph., Sp. Hepat. 5: 263. 1913. Fig. 27-30

Material examined: BRAZIL. Alagoas: Murici, 2/XII/2004, Pôrto (UFP 45849); ib. 25/III/2006, Alvarenga (UFP 45846); ib. 25/III/2006, Alvarenga (UFP 45847); ib. 25/III/2006, Alvarenga (UFP 45848).

Description: Evans (1902), as Harpalejeunea heterodonta A. Evans.

Comments: this species has leaf margins typically crenate, with an acute to piliferous apex that ends in a row of 3-4 cells; there is also one or more additional teeth along the dorsal margin. This species was found growing on bark and leaves in lowland rain forests. In Brazil it was previously referred only to São Paulo, in the Southeast region. It occurred on bark and decaying wood in the understory, sub-canopy and canopy at EsEc Murici.

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the following specialists for help in specimen identification: Dr. Anna Luiza Ilkiu-Borges (Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi); Dr. Denise Pinheiro da Costa (Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro); Dr. Alfons Schäfer-Verwimp, Dr. Elena Reiner-Drehwald, and Dr. Stephan Robert Gradstein (Göttingen University, Germany); Dr. Támas Pócs (Ezsterhazy Teachers' College, Hungary); and Dr. Olga Yano (Instituto de Botânica de São Paulo). We would also like to thank the Fundação O Boticário de Proteção à Natureza and CNPq for financial support.

Received: August 17, 2007. Accepted: November 29, 2007

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Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  11 Nov 2008
• Date of issue
  Sept 2008

History

• Accepted
  29 Nov 2007
• Received
  17 Aug 2007