Simultaneous extraction and detection of ochratoxin A and citrinin in riceThis study compared four extraction procedures for the simultaneous determination of mycotoxins ochratoxin A and citrinin in samples of rice. Soares and Rodriguez-Amaya and Tanaka procedures and the extraction methods QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) and by ultrasound were compared in terms of residue generation, limit of detection, limit of quantification and simultaneous recovery of mycotoxins. Soares and Rodriguez-Amaya and the method by ultrasound presented the lowest recoveries, 83 and 55% for ochratoxin A (OTA) and 48 and 55% for citrinin (CIT), respectively. Tanaka procedure and QuEChERS method presented the highest recoveries, 98 and 105% for OTA and 64 and 78% for CIT, respectively. The latter enabled the simultaneous extraction of the two mycotoxins, with a reduction of up to 25 times of the amount of the involved solvent.
rice; occurrence; ochratoxin A; citrinin; extraction method
