Seasonal changes in the mixed and barrier layers in the western Equatorial Atlantic

Abstracts

Climate is closely related to the dynamics of the surface layer of the tropical Atlantic and the exchange between this latter and the atmosphere, and wearther forecasting will improve with increasing understanding of the processes that govern the relative distribution of thermodynamic properties of the water column. This paper focuses on the isolation of warm surface waters from the cold ones of the deep ocean by a salinity induced barrier layer (BL) in the western equatorial Atlantic (3ºS-7ºN; 40º-52ºW), based on 487 CTD profiles (REVIZEE - 1995-2001). The main process contributing to the seasonal BL formation is the discharge of low salinity waters from the Amazon river. During boreal late winter/spring (Mar-May; high river discharge), deeper isothermal (Z T) and mixed layers (Z M) prevail and the formation of a 16m-thick BL was clearly determined the formation of a salt-induced marked pycnocline within a deeper isothermal layer. However, during the boreal autumn (Oct-Dec; low river discharge), density stratification was mainly determined by temperature distribution (Z M m Z T; BLT = Z M - Z T m 0). There was no clear register of a BL on the Amazon shelf, but a maximum BL (40 m) formed near the shelf break at 45°W.

Halocline; Thermocline; Heat exchange; Coastal waters; Barrier layer; Amazon; Lat 3°S-7°N; Long 40°W-52°W

O clima está fortemente relacionado com a dinâmica da camada superficial do Atlântico tropical e com as trocas entre esta e a atmosfera, e a previsão do tempo melhorará à medida em que ganhemos um melhor entendimento dos processos que governam a distribuição relativa das propriedades termodinâmicas na coluna d'água. O presente trabalho focaliza o isolamento das águas quentes superficiais das águas frias profundas pela camada de barreira (CB) induzida pela salinidade no Atlântico Equatorial Oeste (3ºS-7ºN; 40º-52ºW), com base em 487 perfis de CTD (REVIZEE - 1995-2001). O principal processo que contribue para a formação sazonal da CB é a descarga fluvial de águas doces do rio Amazonas. Durante o final do inverno/primavera boreal (Mar-Mai; alta descarga), prevalecem camadas isotérmica (Z T) e de mistura (Z M) mais profundas e a formação de uma CB com 16m de espessura foi governada pelo estabelecimento de uma forte picnoclina induzida pela salinidade, no interior da camada isotérmica. Entretanto, durante o outono boreal (Out-Dez; baixa descarga), estratificações em densidade foram principalmente controladas pela distribuição de temperatura (Z M m Z T; ECB = Z M - Z T m 0). Embora não tenha registrado uma CB sobre a plataforma Amazônica, uma CB máxima (40m) foi formada próxima à quebra da plataforma a 45°W.

Haloclina; Termoclina; Trocas de Calor; Águas Costeiras; Camada Barreira; Amazonas; Lat 3°S-7°N; Long 40°W-52°W

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Publication Dates

• Publication in this collection
  08 July 2009
• Date of issue
  Dec 2005

History

• Accepted
  16 Sept 2005
• Reviewed
  03 June 2005
• Received
  22 Feb 2005